Objective: To establish HPLC fingerprints of different parts of chicory stems, leaves, roots, flowers and seeds, and compare the similarities and differences of chemical components in different parts, so as to provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of chicory. Methods: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of chicory, the chromatographic column was chosen with Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C

Objective Pulmonary oxygen poisoning resulting from hyperbaric oxygen, frequently occurs in specialized operations, without any current effective prevention or treatment measures. To elucidate the impact and mechanism of neostigmine （NEO） in combination with anisodamine （ANI） （neoscopolamine） on pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Methods The animal model of pulmonary oxygen poisoning was established. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 2.5 ATA 99.9% oxygen for 6 h. The control group mice were injected with normal saline ip, while the treatment group mice received injections of ANI （25 mg/kg, ip）and NEO （50 μg/kg, ip）. Lung tissues were collected and stained with HE to observe any pathological injuries after exposure. Evans blue stain was utilized to identify lung permeability, wet/dry lung ratio, and protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） to assess the lung injury’s severity. The modifications in inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indicators, and iron content in lung tissue were assessed. Results The results showed that the 2.5 ATA 99.9% oxygen-exposed group experienced a significant worsening of lung injury, as well as increased lung permeability, lung wet/dry ratio, and protein content in alveolar lavage fluid when compared to the control group. Moreover, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the lung tissue of the model group were significantly elevated, while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β were significantly reduced. The oxidative index MDA also significantly increased, while the antioxidant index GSH significantly decreased. Additionally, the expression of GPX4, a marker of ferroptosis, increased with an increase in iron content. Neoscopolamine treatment successfully reversed those effects. Conclusion The combined use of ANI and NEO had a protective effect on pulmonary oxygen poisoning. Neoscopolamine may inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, thereby reducing the content of free iron in lung tissue and finally inhibiting cell ferroptosis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is mediated by disturbance of Ca²⁺ homeostasis. The store-operated calcium (SOC) channel is the primary Ca²⁺ channel in non-excitable cells, but its participation in agent-induced ER stress is not clear. In this study, the effects of tunicamycin on Ca²⁺ influx in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were observed with the fluorescent probe Fluo-4 AM. The effect of tunicamycin on the expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-related proteins BiP and CHOP was assayed by western blotting with or without inhibition of Orai1. Tunicamycin induced endothelial dysfunction by activating ER stress. Orai1 expression and the influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ in HUVECs were both upregulated during ER stress. The SOC channel inhibitor SKF96365 reversed tunicamycin-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by inhibiting ER stress. Regulation of tunicamycin-induced ER stress by Orai1 indicates that modification of Orai1 activity may have therapeutic value for conditions with ER stress-induced endothelial dysfunction.
Blotting, Western ; Calcium ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Endothelial Cells ; Homeostasis ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Tunicamycin ; Unfolded Protein Response

Objective To analyze and identify the volatile constituents in different parts(flowers,stems and leaves)of Huai chrysanthemumin,and to lay a theoretical foundation for the comprehensive utilization for it.Methods The volatile oil in different parts of Huai chrysanthemumin were extracted by hydrodistillation,respectively.Their constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The compounds were identified by library search and literature screening.The relative percentage of each compound was obtained by the area normalization method.The differences in their chemical compositions were analyzed by Venn diagram,principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster heat map analysis.Results A total of 62 volatile chemical components were identified from different parts of Huai chrysanthemumin,including monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,and their derivatives,as well as a small amount of aliphatic compounds.32,42 and 40 volatile components were detected from the flowers,stems and flowers,respectively.Furthermore 17 volatile components were shared by three parts,whereas 5,6 and 16 volatile components were unique to the flowers,stems and leaves,respectively.The results of stoichiometric analysis showed that both PCA and cluster heat map analysis could separate the flowers,stems and leaves,and their volatile components were different.Conclusion The types and contents of the volatile oil in the stems,leaves and flowers of Huai chrysanthemumin have certain variability,which provide a scientific basis for the further medicinal or industrial exploitation of different parts of Huai chrysanthemumin.

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a fatal heart disease characterized by fibroadipocytic replacement of cardiac myocytes, accounts for 20% of sudden cardiac death and lacks effective treatment. It is often caused by mutations in desmosome proteins, with Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) mutations as a common etiology. However, the mechanism underlying the accumulation of fibrofatty in ACM remains unknown, which impedes the development of curative treatment. Here we investigated the fat accumulation and the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of ACM induced by cardiac-specific knockout of Dsg2 (CS-Dsg2 ^-/-). Heart failure and cardiac lipid accumulation were observed in CS-Dsg2 ^-/- mice. We demonstrated that these phenotypes were caused by decline of fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation resulted from impaired mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Rapamycin worsened while overexpression of mTOR and 4EBP1 rescued the FA β-oxidation pathway in CS-Dsg2 ^-/- mice. Reactivation of PPARα by fenofibrate or AAV9-Pparα significantly alleviated the lipid accumulation and restored cardiac function. Our results suggest that impaired mTOR-4EBP1-PPARα-dependent FA β-oxidation contributes to myocardial lipid accumulation in ACM and PPARα may be a potential target for curative treatment of ACM.

Objective: To compare the predictive efficacy of the two thrombosis risk assessment scores (Padua and IMPEDE scores) in venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in China. Methods: This study reviewed the clinical data of 421 patients with NDMM hospitalized in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from April 2014 to February 2022. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the two scores were calculated to quantify the thrombus risk assessment of VTE by the Padua and IMPEDE scores. The receiver operating characteristics curves of the two evaluation scores were drawn. Results: The incidence of VTE was 14.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the Padua score were 100%, 0%, 14.7%, and 0% and that of the IMPEDE score was 79%, 44%, 49.2%, and 23%, respectively. The areas under the curve of Padua and IMPEDE risk assessment scores were 0.591 and 0.722, respectively. Conclusion: IMPEDE score is suitable for predicting VTE within 6 months in patients with NDMM.
Humans ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology* ; Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis* ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies