Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of surgical template guides to assist mandibular osteotomies in craniofacial microsomia.Methods:Ten children diagnosed with craniofacial microsomia (Pruzansky Ⅱ) from May 2018 to November 2018, at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were selected for this study. First, pre-operative CT scans were prescribed, osteotomy plans were designed by Mimics 19.0, and individualized template guides were manufactured before surgery. Under the guidance of the surgical template, distraction osteotomy of craniofacial microsomia and distractor implantation surgeries were performed until the proposed length was reached. Then, another CT scan was performed. Based on the registration of pre- and post-surgery mandible statistics harvested by Geomagic Control, six points were randomly chosen on the osteotomy surface to estimate deviations, the mean value of which was calculated as distance deviation between the osteotomy surfaces. Meanwhile, the angle between the osteotomy surfaces was considered as angular deviation. Considering the deviation of 2 mm in distance and 5 degrees in angles as references, a single-sample t-test was conducted in SPSS 25.0 and it was considered as statistically significant when P<0.05. Results:A total of 10 children, six males and four females, diagnosed with craniofacial microsomia, with an average age of 4.9 years, were included in this study. The left-to-right ratio of the afflicted mandibles was 3∶7. The implantation surgeries were successfully conducted on all the patients and no complications were observed. All patients underwent follow-up visits for one year. The results were consistent with the pre-surgery designs, including satisfactory effects of distraction osteogenesis, obvious improvements of facial asymmetries, and corrections of occlusal surface inclinations. The deviation distribution before and after the surgeries could be distinctly visualized, in which the deviation of two matching groups of mandibles was (0.94±0.92) mm, the distance deviation between the osteotomy surfaces was (2.05±0.40) mm, and the angular deviation was (4.76±1.95)°. Compared with references, all the deviations were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Metal surgical template guides are applicable to assist mandibular osteotomies of craniofacial microsomia with relatively high accuracy, which is beneficial to the intraoperative application of preoperative design so that satisfying effects could be achieved after surgeries.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of surgical template guides to assist mandibular osteotomies in craniofacial microsomia.Methods:Ten children diagnosed with craniofacial microsomia (Pruzansky Ⅱ) from May 2018 to November 2018, at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were selected for this study. First, pre-operative CT scans were prescribed, osteotomy plans were designed by Mimics 19.0, and individualized template guides were manufactured before surgery. Under the guidance of the surgical template, distraction osteotomy of craniofacial microsomia and distractor implantation surgeries were performed until the proposed length was reached. Then, another CT scan was performed. Based on the registration of pre- and post-surgery mandible statistics harvested by Geomagic Control, six points were randomly chosen on the osteotomy surface to estimate deviations, the mean value of which was calculated as distance deviation between the osteotomy surfaces. Meanwhile, the angle between the osteotomy surfaces was considered as angular deviation. Considering the deviation of 2 mm in distance and 5 degrees in angles as references, a single-sample t-test was conducted in SPSS 25.0 and it was considered as statistically significant when P<0.05. Results:A total of 10 children, six males and four females, diagnosed with craniofacial microsomia, with an average age of 4.9 years, were included in this study. The left-to-right ratio of the afflicted mandibles was 3∶7. The implantation surgeries were successfully conducted on all the patients and no complications were observed. All patients underwent follow-up visits for one year. The results were consistent with the pre-surgery designs, including satisfactory effects of distraction osteogenesis, obvious improvements of facial asymmetries, and corrections of occlusal surface inclinations. The deviation distribution before and after the surgeries could be distinctly visualized, in which the deviation of two matching groups of mandibles was (0.94±0.92) mm, the distance deviation between the osteotomy surfaces was (2.05±0.40) mm, and the angular deviation was (4.76±1.95)°. Compared with references, all the deviations were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Metal surgical template guides are applicable to assist mandibular osteotomies of craniofacial microsomia with relatively high accuracy, which is beneficial to the intraoperative application of preoperative design so that satisfying effects could be achieved after surgeries.

Objectives:To analyze the performance and characteristics of adolescent suicide attempters in dif-ferent dimensions of decision making,a computational model was used in this study.Methods:A total of 70 adoles-cent suicide attempters with mood disorders meeting the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Re-lated Health Problems,Tenth Revision(ICD-10)diagnosis,40 non-suicide attempters with mood disorder,and 49 normal controls were included.By using the MCQ and IGT and through computational model analysis,the adoles-cent suicide attempters'performance and underlying cognitive components in impulsive decision making and value-and learning-based decision making were analyzed.Results:The overall delay discounting rates showed no signifi-cant differences(P＞0.05)among the group of suicide attempters,patient controls,and normal controls in the MCQ.This rate was significantly higher in suicide attempters and non-suicide attempters than in normal controls(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference between the three groups of subjects'decision making performance in the IGT(P＞0.05).Computational model analysis revealed that compared to non-suicide attempters and normal controls,suicide attempters showed reduced sensitivity to the outcome as well as reduced exploratory behavior(Pa-rameter estimate with non-overlapping 80％HDI).Conclusion:Adolescent suicide attempters may not be able to learn from the outcome of the decision and explore more possible options to resolve the crisis,as well as impulsive decision-making impairment may be associated with depressed states rather than suicide attempts.

Objective To observe whether there was difference of inferior glenohumeral joint capsule thickness(ICT)measured on coronal and transverse axillary section with high-frequency ultrasound.Methods ICT of 56 patients with frozen shoulder(FS group)and 115 healthy controls(HC group)were measured on coronal and transverse axillary sections with high-frequency ultrasound.The ultrasonic findings were compared between groups,while ICT measured on different sections were compared within groups.Results In FS group,ICT thickened,presented as low echo with poor boundary clarity,with reduced and uneven internal echo.No echo areas could be detected when there was fluid accumulation,and concomitant blood flow signal could be observed.In HC group,the inferior glenohumeral joint capsule presented as moderate echo with clear boundary,with uniform low or equal echo.No significant difference of ICT values measured on coronal or transverse section was found within both groups(both P＞0.05).Conclusion ICT measured on coronal and transverse axillary section with high-frequency ultrasound were not significantly different.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which soybean isoflavone(SI)reduces calcium overload induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into 4 groups to receive sham operation,cerebral middle artery occlusion for 2 h followed by 24 h of reperfusion(I/R model group),or injection of adeno-associated virus carrying Frizzled-2 siRNA or empty viral vector into the lateral cerebral ventricle after modeling.Western blotting was used to examine Frizzled-2 knockdown efficiency and changes in protein expressions in the Wnt/Ca2+signaling pathway.Calcium levels and pathological changes in the ischemic penumbra(IP)were measured using calcium chromogenic assay and HE staining,respectively.Another 72 SD randomly allocated for sham operation,I/R modeling,or soy isoflavones pretreatment before modeling were examined for regional cerebral blood flow using a Doppler flowmeter,and the cerebral infarct volume was assessed using TTC staining.Pathologies in the IP area were evaluated using HE and Nissl staining,and ROS level,Ca2+level,cell apoptosis,and intracellular calcium concentration were analyzed using immunofluorescence assay or flow cytometry;the protein expressions of Wnt5a,Frizzled-2,and P-CaMK II in the IP were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results In rats with cerebral I/R,Frizzled-2 knockdown significantly lowered calcium concentration(P<0.001)and the expression levels of Wnt5a,Frizzled-2,and P-CaMK II in the IP area.In soy isoflavones-pretreated rats,calcium concentration,ROS and MDA levels,cell apoptosis rate,cerebral infarct volume,and expression levels of Wnt/Ca2+signaling pathway-related proteins were all significantly lower while SOD level was higher than those in rats in I/R model group.Conclusion Soy isoflavones can mitigate calcium overload in rats with cerebral I/R by inhibiting the Wnt/Ca2+signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which soybean isoflavone(SI)reduces calcium overload induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into 4 groups to receive sham operation,cerebral middle artery occlusion for 2 h followed by 24 h of reperfusion(I/R model group),or injection of adeno-associated virus carrying Frizzled-2 siRNA or empty viral vector into the lateral cerebral ventricle after modeling.Western blotting was used to examine Frizzled-2 knockdown efficiency and changes in protein expressions in the Wnt/Ca2+signaling pathway.Calcium levels and pathological changes in the ischemic penumbra(IP)were measured using calcium chromogenic assay and HE staining,respectively.Another 72 SD randomly allocated for sham operation,I/R modeling,or soy isoflavones pretreatment before modeling were examined for regional cerebral blood flow using a Doppler flowmeter,and the cerebral infarct volume was assessed using TTC staining.Pathologies in the IP area were evaluated using HE and Nissl staining,and ROS level,Ca2+level,cell apoptosis,and intracellular calcium concentration were analyzed using immunofluorescence assay or flow cytometry;the protein expressions of Wnt5a,Frizzled-2,and P-CaMK II in the IP were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results In rats with cerebral I/R,Frizzled-2 knockdown significantly lowered calcium concentration(P<0.001)and the expression levels of Wnt5a,Frizzled-2,and P-CaMK II in the IP area.In soy isoflavones-pretreated rats,calcium concentration,ROS and MDA levels,cell apoptosis rate,cerebral infarct volume,and expression levels of Wnt/Ca2+signaling pathway-related proteins were all significantly lower while SOD level was higher than those in rats in I/R model group.Conclusion Soy isoflavones can mitigate calcium overload in rats with cerebral I/R by inhibiting the Wnt/Ca2+signaling pathway.