Angiogenesis is the process of capillary formation from the existing blood vessels, which is regulated by many cytokines.Balance of these cytokines plays an important role in angiogenesis.Unbalance of these cytokines, lead-ing to excessive or insufficient blood vessel, relates to a variety of diseases, such as tumor, ophthalmic diseases and wound healing.Recently, it has been observed that angiogenesis is also involved in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. This review mainly discusses the molecular mechanism of angiogenesis and related diseases, and emphasizes the value of targeting angiogenesis as a strategy to develop drugs for those diseases.

Objective To analyze the value of fine needle aspiration for male breast cancer and to investigate the clinical characteristics of male breast cancer.Methods The cell morphological characteristics of fine needle aspi-ration and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively within a total of 35 cases with male breast cancer of Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College,from 2000 January to 2014 December.Results During the 35 patients of male breast cancer with fine needle aspiration,from 35 to 82 years old,the median age was 64 years old and mean age was 61.6 years old.There were 23 cases of male breast cancer from 60~82 years old,suggesting that the relatively high incidence was after the age of 60 years.The diameter of male breast tumor was 0.8~8cm,while the average diameter was 3.5cm.In the clinical stage of TNM,14 cases were with stageⅠ,13 cases were with stageⅡ,7 cases were with stage Ⅲand 1 case wasⅣstage;that was to say,the cases of male breast cancer in the late was relatively more.The invasive ductal cancers were 16 cases (45.7%) of male breast cancer.The sensitivity was 94.3% of fine needle aspiration cytology before the operation.Conclusion The accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology has important significance for the diagnosis of male breast cancer,can be used as a mean of detecting male breast tumor as benign or malignant.

Objective To analyze the population distribution and clinical characteristics of esophageal cancer in Luzhou prefecture of Sichuan. Methods The data of 690 cases of resected specimens with esophageal cancer from October 2010 to September 2014 were analyzed retrospectively, including 659 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 10 cases of adenocarcinoma, 7 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma, 5 cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma, 2 cases of carcinoma in situ, 3 cases of leiomyosarcoma, 2 cases of small cell carcinoma, 1 case of undifferentiated carcinoma and 1 case of mixed carcinoma. Results The constituent ratio of 51-60 years old population of 690 cases with esophageal cancer was the highest for 40.00%(276/690). In≤60 years patients, the rate of esophageal cancer in male was higher than that in female: 56.15%(338/602) vs. 34.09%(30/88), χ2 = 15.005, P =0.000. Clinical pathological factors of lymph node metastasis showed that there were statistically significant differences between male and female: 45.68%(275/602) vs. 34.09%(30/88), χ2 = 4.182, P =0.041;the lower the position, the higher the lymph nodes metastasis rate:the lymph nodes metastasis rate in superior segment, middle segment, inferior segment was 32.00%(8/25), 41.22%(216/524) and 57.45%(81/141),χ2=13.425, P=0.001;the lower the differentiation, the higher the lymph nodes metastasis rate:the lymph nodes metastasis rate in high, middle and lower differentiation was 40.84%(165/404), 47.60%(109/229) and 75.76%(25/33), χ2 = 16.065, P = 0.000. The lymph nodes metastasis rate in different general types and histology types had no significant differences(P>0.05). Conclusions The incidence rate of esophageal cancer in male is significantly higher than that in female, the higher the lymph node metastasis rate, the lower the position and the differentiation of esophageal cancer in Luzhou prefecture of Sichuan.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of the exceed -calcaneocuboid -joint plate in the treatment of Sanders Ⅲ/Ⅳ calcaneal fracture .Methods 58 cases ( 67 feet ) with Sanders Ⅲ/Ⅳ calcaneal fractures were selected .The patients were followed up for 1 year postoperation .The patients′age,fracture classification , Maryland foot score,complications,and postoperative 1 day,postoperative 1 year B?hler corner,Gissane angle,height, and length of the calcaneus were recorded .Results The preoperative B?hler corner,Gissane angle,height and length of calcaneus were (7.9 ±4.2)°,(85.2 ±6.9)°,(30.6 ±2.6) mm,(65.5 ±2.1) mm,respectively,which of postoperative 1 day were (31.8 ±4.7)°,(128.6 ±8.1)°,(43.7 ±2.3)mm,(70.3 ±2.6)mm,respectively,which of postoperative 1 year were (31.9 ±4.8)°,(128.7 ±7.7)°,(43.5 ±2.1) mm,(70.2 ±2.8) mm,respectively. Compared with preoperation ,the postoperative data were significantly improved , and the differences were statistically significant(postoperative 1 day compared with preoperation:t=7.13,3.59,4.14,6.95,postoperative 1 year compared with preoperation:t=8.76,3.92,5.02,7.17,all P<0.05).The excellent rate in exceed -calcaneocuboid -joint plate group was 91.04％.Conclusion Using exceed-calcaneocuboid-joint plate internal fixation for Sanders Ⅲ/Ⅳ calcaneal fractures , can significantly improve the prognosis of patients and better restore height and length of the calcaneus ,it is worthy of clinical application .

Depression is a complex mental disease with polygenic inheritance and a high incidence.Our understanding of the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of depression has recently improved.Continuous progress in gene-editing technologies has increased the construction efficiency and reduced the cost of gene-knockout animals,leading to their increasing use in the fields of basic research and drug development for depression and providing a powerful tool for revealing the pathogenesis of depression.In this review,we summarize recent progress in understanding the roles and mechanisms of candidate genes in depression using knockout model mice.

Objective To investigate the correlation between intraoperative ultrasonographic features and expression of immunohistochemical markers in patients with glioma.Methods Totally 116 patients with glioma confirmed pathologically were collected.Ultrasonic features were observed,including the main site of the tumor,maximum diameter,border,cystic degeneration,calcification,the degree of peritumoral edema and CDFI blood flow classification,and the correlation between ultrasonographic features and immunohistochemical results such as Ki-67 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was analyzed.Results Univariate analysis showed that the border,peritumoral edema and CDFI blood flow were significantly different between negative and positive Ki-67 expression patients (P＜ 0.01).The border,cystic degeneration and peritumoral edema were distinct between negative and positive IDH1 patients (P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that gliomas with clear border,high degree of peritumoral edema and rich CDFI blood flow tended to show positive Ki-67 expression,while those with vague border,low degree of peritumoral edema were frequently accompanied by positive IDH1 expression.Conclusion The border of gliomas,peritumoral edema and blood flow showed on ultrasonography may predict the expression of Ki-67 and IDH1.It is of great significance for preliminary evaluation on biological behaviors and prognosis of the tumors before surgical operation.

Objective:To investigate the protective mechanism of TRPV4 channel inhibitor on blood-brain barrier(BBB)damage after traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods:The TBI rat model was established.TRPV4 channel inhibitor HC067047 or PKC-δ inhibitor Rottlerin was used to detect changes in BBB permeability,neurological function score,and the expression of microvascular endothelial tight junction proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2 in brain injury areas after TBI.Results:Compared with the Sham group,BBB permeability significantly increased,brain neurological function score significantly decreased,and the expression of ZO-1 and ZO-2 significantly decreased in TBI group(P＜0.05).Compared with the TBI group,after administration of HC067047 or Rottlerin,changes in BBB permeability,brain neurological function score,the expression of ZO-1 and ZO-2 were partially reversed(P＜0.05).Conclusions:TBI-induced BBB injury may be mediated by TRPV4 channel regulating PKC-δ signaling pathway to affect the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2.Inhibition of TRPV4 channel function or PKC-δ signal molecule can partially alleviate BBB damage induced by TBI.This study may provide new ideas for the treatment of clinical TBI.

Objective:Healthy life expectancy (HLE), which combines life expectancy with health, is an essential comprehensive measure of life length and quality. This article aimed to systematically review the methods for defining and measuring HLE and describe application studies published, providing a reference for decision makers to select and develop methods suitable for China's conditions to measure HLE.Methods:Seven Chinese and English literature databases were searched up to May 7, 2022, and several related reviews and bibliography were manually retrieved. Systematic reviews and empirical research were included concerning HLE indicators and measurement of HLE. Information including the study area, type of the study, study population, HLE index, measurement method, data sources, and results from application studies published in the last five years were extracted. The evolution of the definition of HLE, the scope of different indicators, the measurement scale of health, and measurement methods, were all collected. Results of the empirical research related to measurement methods of indicators were summarized. The study followed the scoping review framework and was written according to the PRISMA-ScR statement.Results:A total of 84 articles were included, including 13 reviews, 17 original studies related to HLE index definition, ten original studies related to index measurement, and 44 empirical studies conducted in the past five years. There were as many as 20 indicators related to HLE, and each scale had its emphasis. A total of ten methods measuring HLE were identified, which vary in the definition of health, whether using weight, and the data type. The most commonly used indicators in the past five years were disability-free life expectancy and HLE. For the method of HLE calculation, Sullivan's method was mainly used for cross-sectional data, and the multistate life table was mainly used for longitudinal data.Conclusions:There are various definitions and measurement methods of HLE, but none are suitable for all scenarios. To summarize the HLE concept, health evaluation techniques, measurement methods, and application studies published worldwide can provide a reference for the localization of HLE measurement in China.

The use of non-invasive blood glucose detection techniques can help diabetic patients to alleviate the pain of intrusive detection, reduce the cost of detection, and achieve real-time monitoring and effective control of blood glucose. Given the existing limitations of the minimally invasive or invasive blood glucose detection methods, such as low detection accuracy, high cost and complex operation, and the laser source's wavelength and cost, this paper, based on the non-invasive blood glucose detector developed by the research group, designs a non-invasive blood glucose detection method. It is founded on dual-wavelength near-infrared light diffuse reflection by using the 1 550 nm near-infrared light as measuring light to collect blood glucose information and the 1 310 nm near-infrared light as reference light to remove the effects of water molecules in the blood. Fourteen volunteers were recruited for
Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of electroacupuncture with "tonifying the kidney and dispelling stasis" acupoint prescription on sexual function in diabetic erectile dysfunction （DMED）model rats， and to explore its possible mechanism of action. MethodsSPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 10 each in blank group， model group， Tadalafil group， and electroacupuncture group. DMED rat model was prepared by high glucose and high fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After successful modelling， rats in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture intervention of "tonifying the kidney and dispelling stasis" acupoint prescription once every other day； Tadalafil group was given Tadalafil solution 0.5 mg/kg·d by gavage， and the blank group， model group and electroacupuncture group were given 10 ml/kg pure water by gavage once a day. Each group was intervened for 30 days. The body mass and blood glucose level of the rats were detected on the 1st， 8th， 15th， 22nd days and at the end of the intervention， respectively. At the end of the intervention， the penile erection of the rats was observed by using the apomorphine test； the level of plasma endothelial cell microparticles （EMPs）was detected by flow cytometry； the histopathological morphology of the penile cavernous body was observed by HE staining， and the pathological morphology of the endothelial cells of the penile vasculature was observed by electron microscopy. Serum sex hormones including testosterone （T）， follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinising hormone （LH） and vascular endothelial function-related factors including vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）， lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 （LOX-1）， soluble E-selectin （sE-selectin）， and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （sICAM-1） were measured by ELISA method. ResultsCompared with blank group， the model group， Tadalafil group， and electroacupuncture group all had lower body mass and higher blood glucose levels at each time of testing （P＜0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the number of penile erections reduced in the model group， the level of CD31⁺ EMPs increased， the levels of serum T， FSH， LH， and VEGF reduced， and the levels of serum ET-1， LOX-1， sE-selectin， and sICAM-1 increased （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Tadalafil group and the electroacupuncture group showed an increased number of penile erections decreased level of CD31⁺ EMPs， increased levels of serum T， FSH， LH， and VEGF， and decreased levels of serum ET-1， LOX-1， sE-selectin， and sICAM-1 （P＜0.01）. Compared with the Tadalafil group， serum T， FSH， LH， VEGF levels increased and ET-1， LOX-1 levels decreased in the electroacupuncture group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. HE staining and electron microscopic observation revealed that there was severe pathological damage to the cavernous tissue of the penis and vascular endothelial cells of the rat in the model group， which was ameliorated to a certain degree in both Tadalafil group and electroacupuncture group. ConclusionThe electroacupuncture prescription of "tonifying the kidney and dispelling stasis" can improve the erectile dysfunction of DMED rats， which is comparable to the effect of Tadalafi. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of vascular endothelial function.