Objective To study the best collected time of fructus ponciri trifoliatae determine the naringin in it by RP-HPLC method. Methods The hypersil ODS C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 25 ?m) column was used. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (21∶79), the detection wavelength was 283 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Result The calibration curve of naringin was in good linearity over 0.164 4～0.832 0 ?g, and the regression equation was Y =156 681X -84 834 (r =0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.49%, and RSD=2.68%. Conclusions The method is simple, quick, sensitive, accurate, reproducible and can be used to control the quality. Fructus ponciri trifoliatae should be collected in the beginning and middle of June.

Objective To establish programs of home healthcare service by investigation and analyzing the current status of the elderly requirements towards community nursing in yunnan province.Methods A self-administrated questionnaire which includes functional status,living situations,and home healthcare demands was distributed in 105 community elderly around Yunnan Province by professional staff. Results 76.20% of the community elderly people had different home care nursing service demands. The highest needs for community elderly is daily medical and nursing care.Conclusion Developing home healthcare can effectively improve the self- care consciousness of aged people, and also improving the quality of life in elderly has important significance for healthcare insurance of elderly.

Objective: To explore the effects of ramipril, trimetazidine and the combination of ramipril and trimetazidine on renal cell apoptosis index (AI) and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) expression in experimental rats with chronic heart failure (CHF).
Methods: CHF model was established by partially banding of abdominal aorta superior to renal artery in experimental rats. A total of 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham operation group, Model group, Ramipril group, Trimetazidine group and Combination (ramipril and trimetazidine) group.n=10 in each group. Renal tubular cell AI was examined by TUNEL method, mRNA and protein expressions of Cyt-C were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis in each group respectively.
Results: Compared with Sham operation group, Model group had increased AI of renal tubular cells, increased mRNA and protein expressions of Cyt-C,P<0.01. Compared with Model group, Ramipril group, Trimetazidine group and Combination group showed decreased AI of renal tubular cells (20.02 ± 1.14) %, (20.10 ± 1.2) % and (14.27 ± 1.40) % vs ( 40.82 ± 1.31) %; reduced Cyt-C mRNA expression (0.54 ± 0.06), ( 0.56 ± 0.05) and (0.44 ± 0.04) vs (0.89 ± 0.03); reduced Cyt-C protein expression (1.50 ± 0.11), (1.58 ± 0.12) and (0.75 ± 0.06) vs (2.53 ± 0.10); the most reduction was obtain by Combination group, allP<0.01.
Conclusion: Ramipril and trimetazidine can inhibit renal cell apoptosis and effectively improve the renal function in CHF rats. Combined medication is better than either of them alone.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal morphine preconditioning (ITMP) on the excitability of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-300 g,in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,and group ITMP.Myocardial I/R injury was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group ITMP,the rats received intrathecal morphine 3 μg/kg (10 μl) by three cycles of 5 min infusions interspersed with 5 min infusion-free periods starting from 30 min before ischemia,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of morphine in group I/R.At 10 min of reperfusion,6 rats randomly selected in each group were sacrificed,and the T2-6 segments of the spinal cords were acutely isolated to prepare spinal cord slices.The resting potential,threshold of action potential (APT),peak of action potential (APP) and action potential duration in SG neurons in the dorsal horn of spinal cord slices were determined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique,and the number of action potentials evoked by currents of 40,60,80 and 100 pA was recorded.At 120 min of reperfusion,6 rats randomly selected in each group were sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR),and IS/AAR ratio was calculated.The expression of c-fos in the T2-5 dorsal horns of the spinal cords was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the IS/AAR ratio was significantly increased,the expression of c-fos was up-regulated,the number of action potentials in SG neurons in dorsal horns of spinal cord was increased,APT was decreased,and APP was increased in group I/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the IS/AAR ratio was significantly decreased,the expression of c-fos was down-regulated,the number of action potentials in SG neurons in dorsal horns of spinal cord was decreased,APT was increased,and APP was decreased in group ITMP (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which ITMP attenuates myocardial I/R injury is related to decrease in the excitability of SG neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and reduction of responses to nociceptive stimuli in rats.

Aim To investigate the effects of lentivirus mediated nerve growth factor ( NGF) gene silencing on pheochromocytoma cells ( PC12 ) and the possible mechanisms .Methods The NGF shRNA expression vector was constructed .PC12 cells were randomly divi-ded into five groups (n=3 each) as follows: negative control group ( NC ) , control lentivirus group ( LV CON) , lentivirus NGF shRNA1 group ( LV shNGF1 ) , lentivirus NGF shRNA2 group(LV shNGF2), lentivir-us NGF shRNA3 group(LV shNGF3).The cells in NC group were cultured in DMEM/HG and polybrene me-dium, while others were cultured in DMEM/HG, poly-brene and corresponding lentivirus medium .After the treatment, the infection efficiency was determined by fluorescent microscope .Relative expression of NGF , extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK1/2 ) and p-ERK1/2 were assessed by Western blot .The expres-sion of NGF mRNA was analyzed by quantitative re-verse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR) .The differentiation degree was valued according to the length of neuritis and max diameter of cells .The cell viability was detected by CCK-8.Results The in-fection efficiency in PC12 cells reached over 90%. Compared with NC group , the relative expression of NGF mRNA and NGF protein was significantly down-regulated ( P<0.05 ) .There was no difference in the expression of ERK1/2 protein and cell viability .The expression of p-ERK1/2 protein was markedly down-regulated in LV shNGF3 group ( P<0.01 ) .The cells morphology was changed , and the length of neuritis and max diameter of cells were strained in LV shNGF 3 group than those in NC group ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusion Lentivirus-mediated NGF gene silencing inhibits the differentiation of PC12 cells through suppressing the activation of ERK1/2.

Objective To investigate the role of high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the pathogenesis of primary gouty arthritis (GA).Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine the level of plasma HMGB1 in 68 acute gout (AG),48 quiescent gout (QG) and 45 healthy control(HC).Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to measure the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 68 AG,48 QG and 94 HC.One way ANOVA or Wilcoxon test and Spearman's correlations were used for statistical analysis.Results The level of plasma HMGB1,PBMCs HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA were significantly higher in GA than that in HC [(24±34) ng/ml,0.019±0.029,0.000 5±0.000 3] (P＜0.05),while the level of plasma HMGB1 and PBMCs HMGB1 mRNA were significantly higher in AG [(222±178) ng/ml,0.235±0.954,0.001 5±0.003 5] than that in QG [(107±176) ng/ml,0.044±0.117,0.001 3±0.000 9] (P＜0.05),and the level of PBMCs RAGE mRNA was higher in AG than that in QG (P＞0.05).In the GA patients,the level of plasma HMGB1 was positively correlated with white blood cell count,neutrophile granulocytes count,mononuclear cells and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0.34,0.44,0.39,0.33; P＜0.05),while negatively correlated with apolipoprotein A1 (r=-0.28,P＜0.05); the level of PBMCs HMGB1 mRNA was positively correlated with RAGE mRNA,white blood cell counts,neutrophil counts,lymphocyte counts,serum total cholesterol level,low density lipoprotein level and apolipoprotein B100 level (r=0.29,0.36,0.26,0.28,0.29; P＜0.05),while negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein (r=-0.30,P＜0.01); the level of PBMCs RAGE mRNA was positively correlated with lymphocyte counts,total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100 (r=0.35,0.35,0.44; P＜0.05).Conclusion HMGB1 and its signaling pathway may play important role in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis,which may also be involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism of gout.

Objective To investigate the possible role of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and its advanced gly‐cation end products receptor (RAGE) in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .Methods The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the level of plasma HMGB1 in 52 cases of SLE (SLE group) and 40 healthy females undergoing physical examination (HC group) ,at the same time real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was employed to detect the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) .The correlation between plasma HMGB1 ,PBMCs HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA levels with clinical indicators was analyzed .Results The levels of plasma HMGB1 ,PBMCs HMGB1 mRNA in the SLE group were significantly higher than those in the HC group ,the differences were statistically significant (P< 0 .05) ,while the level of PBMCs RAGE mRNA had no statistical difference (P>0 .05);the Spearman correlation analysis showed that the level of plasma HMGB1 was positively correlated with antinuclear anti‐bodies titers and SLEDAI score in the SLE patients (P<0 .01) ,while had no obvious correlation with the other clinical and labora‐tory indicators(P>0 .05);the HMGB1 mRNA expression level was positively correlated with the RAGE mRNA expression level and SLEDAI scores(P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05) ,and had no obvious correlation with other clinical and laboratory indicators (P>0 .05) . Conclusion The abnormal expression of plasma HMGB1 and PBMCs HMGB1 mRNA in SLE patients prompts that which might be involved in the occurrence and development of SLE ,might participate in the immune and inflammatory regulation of SLE .

Objective This study is to investigate the changes in the NFATc 4/3 signaling pathway in rat hippocampus after whole brain radiation. Methods A total of 120 one?month?old male Sprague?Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups to receive whole brain radiation using 4?MeV electron beams with doses of 0( control) ,2,10,and 20 Gy,respectively,in a single fraction. At 6 hours,12 hours,1 day,3 days,1 week,and 2 weeks after radiation,Western blot and real?time PCR were used to evaluate the changes in expression levels of CaN, NFATc 4/3, p?NFATc 4/3, and GSK?3β. Results There were no significant changes in the expression of NFATc 4/3 or p?NFATc 4/3 at 6 and 12 hours after whole brain radiation. At 1 day after radiation,compared with the control group,the expression of p?NFATc 4/3 in the radiation groups was significantly increased in a dose?dependent manner ( 2 Gy:P= 0. 014;10 Gy:P=0. 011;20 Gy:P=0. 000 );however, there was no significant difference in the expression of NFATc 4/3 between the radiation group and the control group. The expression of NFATc 4/3 was significantly decreased in the radiation groups than in the control group at day 3 ( 2 Gy:P=0. 040;10 Gy:P=0. 000;20 Gy:P=0. 000),1 week (2 Gy:P=0. 692;10 Gy:P=0. 032;20 Gy:P=0. 021),and 2 weeks (2 Gy:P=0. 001;10 Gy:P=0. 000;20 Gy:P=0. 000) after radiation,while there was no significant difference in the expression of p?NFATc 4/3 between any two groups. There were no time?or dose?dependent changes in expression of CaN or GSK?3β. Conclusions Ionization radiation has an inhibitory effect on the NFATc 4/3 signaling pathway in rat hippocampus. Combined with our previous results,this study suggests that radiation?induced cognitive dysfunction is associated with the NFATc 4/3 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the mRNA and protein expression levels of telomeric-repeat binding factor-1 (TRF1) and TRF2 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and the relations between these gene expression levels and clinical data of SLE patients were explored.Methods According to disease activity,these SLE patients were divided into the active group (40 cases) and the stable group (67 cases).These patients were also grouped as renal damage group (46 cases) and renal damage-free group (61 cases) based on their renal conditions.Healthy individuals (41 cases) were also included as control.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to study the mRNA expression of TRF1 and TRF2.The protein levels of TRF1 and TRF2 were measured by Western Blot (WB).Independent-Samples t test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in conjunction with the Least-Significant Difference method (LSD method) wasperformed if the data were in normal distributions;otherwise,the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied.Spearman's correlation analysis was also used for statistical analysis.Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of TRF1 and TRF2 in the PBMCs of the active group (TRF1:0.003 1±0.003 3;TRF2:0.010 5±0.064 8) and renal damage group (TRF1:0.002 3 ±0.002 6;TRF2:0.004 3 ±0.003 3) were significantly increased compared to the stable group (TRF1:0.001 2±0.001 1;TRF2:0.004 2±0.008 6),the renal damage-free group (TRF1:0.001 3±0.001 8;TRF2:0.003 4±0.007 2) and healthy (TRF1:0.001 2±0.003 0;TRF2:0.003 4±0.002 7) individuals respectively (P＜0.05).In SLE patients,the expression levels of TRF1 mRNA were correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0.365,P＜0.05);the expression levels of TRF2 mRNA were correlated with SLEDAI score (r=0.270,P＜0.05),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0.304,P＜0.05),creatinine (r=0.258,P＜0.05) and 24-hour urinary protein (r=0.344,P＜0.05).Conclusion Altered expression of TRF1 and TRF2 might be involved in the pathogenesis of Systemic lupus erythematosus.The positive correlation between TRF2 and SLEDAI score,24-hour urinary protein suggest that TRF2 might be usedas a biomarker for disease activity or renal damage in