Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus demonstrated to be associated with human disease. Infection by the HTLV-1 can cause T-cell leukemia (ATL) in adults. HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) is a viral protein encoded by the minus strand of the HTLV-1 provirus. Among the regulatory and accessory genes of HTLV-1, HBZ is the only gene that remains intact and which is expressed consistently in all patients with ATL. Moreover, HBZ has a critical role in the leukemogenesis of ATL. Here, we review the function of HBZ in the oncogenesis of HTLV-1 and its molecular mechanism of action.
Animals ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinogenesis ; HTLV-I Infections ; pathology ; virology ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, T-Cell ; pathology ; virology ; Retroviridae Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To establish programs of home healthcare service by investigation and analyzing the current status of the elderly requirements towards community nursing in yunnan province.Methods A self-administrated questionnaire which includes functional status,living situations,and home healthcare demands was distributed in 105 community elderly around Yunnan Province by professional staff. Results 76.20% of the community elderly people had different home care nursing service demands. The highest needs for community elderly is daily medical and nursing care.Conclusion Developing home healthcare can effectively improve the self- care consciousness of aged people, and also improving the quality of life in elderly has important significance for healthcare insurance of elderly.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal morphine preconditioning (ITMP) on the excitability of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-300 g,in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,and group ITMP.Myocardial I/R injury was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group ITMP,the rats received intrathecal morphine 3 μg/kg (10 μl) by three cycles of 5 min infusions interspersed with 5 min infusion-free periods starting from 30 min before ischemia,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of morphine in group I/R.At 10 min of reperfusion,6 rats randomly selected in each group were sacrificed,and the T2-6 segments of the spinal cords were acutely isolated to prepare spinal cord slices.The resting potential,threshold of action potential (APT),peak of action potential (APP) and action potential duration in SG neurons in the dorsal horn of spinal cord slices were determined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique,and the number of action potentials evoked by currents of 40,60,80 and 100 pA was recorded.At 120 min of reperfusion,6 rats randomly selected in each group were sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR),and IS/AAR ratio was calculated.The expression of c-fos in the T2-5 dorsal horns of the spinal cords was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the IS/AAR ratio was significantly increased,the expression of c-fos was up-regulated,the number of action potentials in SG neurons in dorsal horns of spinal cord was increased,APT was decreased,and APP was increased in group I/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the IS/AAR ratio was significantly decreased,the expression of c-fos was down-regulated,the number of action potentials in SG neurons in dorsal horns of spinal cord was decreased,APT was increased,and APP was decreased in group ITMP (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which ITMP attenuates myocardial I/R injury is related to decrease in the excitability of SG neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and reduction of responses to nociceptive stimuli in rats.

Objective To clarify the effectiveness of QS Nd ∶ YAG laser on melasma in Chinese patients.Methods A group (n=45) of patients previously diagnosed as facial melasma were treated with QS Nd ∶ YAG laser at approximately 1 week intervals.Eleven to twenty treatments were per formed for each patient.The treatment efficacy of QS Nd ∶ YAG laser was evaluated by patients and doctors,respectively,at various time point such as before treatment,5 weeks and 10 weeks after treatment and end of the treatment.The skin melanin index and the transepidermal water loss were e valuated by the skin multifunction tester at different time point,respectively.Results Compared with untreated,the melanin index of melasma areas decreased significantly after the laser treatment for 5 weeks,10 weeks and the end of treatment.But there was no significant difference in the melanin index of normal skin areas with or without laser treatment.Compared with untreated,the transpidermal water loss of melasma areas increased significantly after the laser treatment for 5 weeks,10 weeks and end of treatment.The patients' skin became smooth,delicate,pores shrink and more flexible.In 45 melasma patients treated by QS Nd ∶ YAG laser,8 cases basically cured (17.78 ％),25 cases were markedly effective (55.56 ％),12 cases improved (24.44 ％) and only 1 case was uneffective (2.22 ％).Theoverall effective rate was 73.33 ％.Conclnsions QSNd∶ YAG laser is a useful treatment modality for Chinese women who have melasma with precise efficacy,less side effects and high safety.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of cervical metastatic lymph nodes by T1 perfusion-weighted imaging and analyse the effect of age on perfusion.Methods 18 cases of cervical lymph node metastasis (case group)and 30 healthy people (control group)were performed T1 perfusion-weighted imaging.The semi-quantitative parameters (including in maximum relative enhancement ratio,wash in rate,wash out rate and peak time)and time-intensity curve (TIC)were compared between case group and control group.Moreover,the effect of age on perfusion was investigated by the age of 40 years old.Results The inflow rate was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05)and that of 23 cases of metastatic lymph nodes was higher than 49 normal lymph nodes.However,the maximum relative enhancement ratio,outflow rate and peak time weren’t statistically signif-icant difference(P>0.05).The time-intensity curve in metastatic lymph nodes and normal lymph nodes were common in typeⅡ. The maximum relative enhancement ratio and wash in rate negatively correlated with the age and the maximum relative enhancement ratio and wash in rate below the age of 40 years old were higher than above the age 40.Conclusion The wash in rate is helpful to dif-ferentiate metastatic lymph nodes and normal lymph nodes.The effect of age on perfusion is considered.

Objective To determine the expression of cathepsin L2 (CTSL2)and evaluate its activity in skin lesions of seborrheic keratosis (SK),to observe the ultrastructural changes of melanosomes in the skin lesions of SK,and to estimate the effect of CTSL2 on the degradation of melanosomes.Methods Twenty patients with SK were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.The lesional tissue and the perilesional normal skin were biopsied from each patient.Among 15 of the 20 patients,hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining and Fontana-Masson silver staining were performed to observe the distribution of melanin granules,transmission electron microscopy (TEM)was conducted to observe the ultrastructural changes of melanosomes,and immunohistochemical staining was performed to estimate the cellular proliferative activity.RT-PCR and fluorogenic substrate cleavage assay were performed in the other 5 patients to determine the mRNA expression of CTSL2 and evaluate its activity,respectively.Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation was performed to isolate and purify melanosomes from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) harvested from a discarded eyeball of a 35-year old male patient with informed consent.The purified melanosomes were incubated with epidermal lysates of SK lesions,and TEM was used to observe the changes in the membrane structure of melanosomes.Statistical analysis was carried out by paired t test,and a P value ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A large number of melanin granules were deposited in SK lesions,while the linear deposition of melanin granules was only seen in the basal layer of the normal skin.TEM showed that the percentage of damaged melanosomes was much higher in the normal skin (49.00％ ± 4.00％) than in the SK lesions (24.33％ ± 3.06％)(t =8.49,P ＜ 0.05).RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA expression and activity of CTSL2 were both significantly lower in the SK lesions than in the normal skin (mRNA:0.35 ± 0.09 vs.0.43 ± 0.08,t =3.17,P ＜ 0.05;activity:17.46 ± 0.45 vs.28.78 ± 0.58,t =34.29,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,TEM also showed that the percentage of damaged melanosome was lower in the SK lesion lysate-treated group (32.33％ ± 4.93％) than in the normal skin lysate-treated group (43.00％ ± 2.65％,t =3.30,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Decreased expression of CTSL2 in the SK lesions can affect the degradation of melanosomes by keratinocytes.However,whether CTSL2 directly takes part in the pathogenesis of SK or not is still needed to be further confirmed.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract on oral ulcer in rats and its underlying mechanism. Methods The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in Euryale ferox seed shells were determined by Folin-phenol assay and aluminum nitrate colorimetry, respectively. DPPH · , ABTS+· , · OH and · O2- scavenging experiments were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Euryale ferox seed shell extract in vitro. In a rat model of oral ulcer induced by burning with glacial acetic acid, the therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract was assessed by detecting changes in serum levels of oxidative factors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and observing pathological changes of the ulcerous mucosa using HE staining; the therapeutic mechanism of the extract was explored by detecting the expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Nes-Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in ulcerous mucosa using Western blotting. Results The ethyl acetate extract of Euryale ferox seed shells contained 306.74±1.04 mg/g polyphenols and 23.43±0.61 mg/g flavonoids and had IC50 values for scavenging DPPH · and ABTS+· free radicals of 3.42 ± 0.97 μg/mL and 3.32 ± 0.90 μg/mL, respectively. In the rat models, the ethyl acetate extract significantly ameliorated oral mucosal ulcer, increased serum CAT level, and decreased serum MDA level. The protein expression levels of Nes-Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased and Keap1 protein expression was lowered significantly in the ulcerous mucosa of the rats after treatment with the extract (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract on oral ulcers in rats is mediated probably by activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract on oral ulcer in rats and its underlying mechanism. Methods The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in Euryale ferox seed shells were determined by Folin-phenol assay and aluminum nitrate colorimetry, respectively. DPPH · , ABTS+· , · OH and · O2- scavenging experiments were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Euryale ferox seed shell extract in vitro. In a rat model of oral ulcer induced by burning with glacial acetic acid, the therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract was assessed by detecting changes in serum levels of oxidative factors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and observing pathological changes of the ulcerous mucosa using HE staining; the therapeutic mechanism of the extract was explored by detecting the expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Nes-Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in ulcerous mucosa using Western blotting. Results The ethyl acetate extract of Euryale ferox seed shells contained 306.74±1.04 mg/g polyphenols and 23.43±0.61 mg/g flavonoids and had IC50 values for scavenging DPPH · and ABTS+· free radicals of 3.42 ± 0.97 μg/mL and 3.32 ± 0.90 μg/mL, respectively. In the rat models, the ethyl acetate extract significantly ameliorated oral mucosal ulcer, increased serum CAT level, and decreased serum MDA level. The protein expression levels of Nes-Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased and Keap1 protein expression was lowered significantly in the ulcerous mucosa of the rats after treatment with the extract (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract on oral ulcers in rats is mediated probably by activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore a fast and accurate method to diagnose children's pneumonia according to respiratory signals, so as to avoid the cancer induction caused by traditional X-ray examination.Methods:A Mach Zehnder optical fiber sensor was used to build a respiratory signals(RSPs) detection system, and the RSPs of the monitored children were extracted according to the vibration signal generated by the children's lung rales. Preprocessing methods such as the discrete cosine transform(DCT) were used to compress and denoise the RSPs. Multi-feature extraction of RSPs was conducted through signal processing methods such as the Hilbert transform and autoregressive (AR) model spectrum estimation. A support vector machine (SVM) classification model was constructed to classify the collected RSPs.Results:The accuracy rate of the proposed RSP classification of children with or without pneumonia was 94.41%, which was higher than the previous methods.Conclusions:The children's pneumonia diagnosis system based on an optical fiber sensor has a higher detection accuracy, and is expected to be widely used in clinical practice.

Objective:To summarize the precision fluid management of patients with severe blast injury in the emergency intensive care unit, so as to help patients smoothly pass through the dangerous period and recover smoothly.Methods:Based on the experience of fluid management in 6 patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine in the tanker truck explosion on 14 June, 2020. The main measures included: fluid volume management and dynamic adjustment; assessment of intake, output and urine volume, and dynamic adjustment of infusion volume and speed; monitoring of pulmonary oxygenation and timely adjustment of fluid resuscitation strategies; monitoring indexes and providing nursing care strategies for fluid management.Results:Finally, among 6 patients with severe blast injury, 5 patients were discharged from the hospital with follow-up treatment after they suffered from the shock and infection phases and refined fluid management, 1 patient died due to severe injury and ineffective rescue.Conclusions:Adopting individualized, phased, and refined liquid management strategy has clinical significance for patients with severe blast injury to smoothly pass the risk period.