Objective: To investigate if angiotensin converting enzyme inhilitory(ACEI) peptides would be produced from SPI digested by a batch digestion system using enzymes similar to digestive enzymes in humans.Method: Simulate the conditions of human gastrointestinal digestion in a model digestion system in vitro and produce soy peptides from SPI digested using pepsin and pancreatin.In addition to monitoring ACEI activity in the total soy protein digest,the possibility of generating soy peptide fractions with more potent activity than the unfractionated digest was investigated by measuring activity of fractions obtained after ultrafitration,anion exchange,and RP-HPLC.Results: The generation of ACEI activity in SPI was determined after sequential digestion with pepsin and pancreatin.The inhibitory activity was highest within the first 20 min at pepsin digestion and decreased upon subsequent digestion with pancreatin.An IC50 value of 0.28?0.06 mg/ml was determined after 180 min of digestion,while no ACEI activity was measured for the undigested SPI at 0.73 mg/ml.Chromatographic fractionation of the SPI digest resulted in IC50 values of active fractions ranging from 0.13?0.03 to 0.93?0.08 mg/ml.Conclusion: Many different peptides with ACEI activities were produced after pepsin-pancreatin digestion of SPI in vitro and lead to the speculation that physiological gastrointestinal digestion could also yield ACE inhibitory peptides from SPI.

OBJECTIVE:To establish UPLC fingerprint of Gehua formula granules. METHODS:UPLC method were adopted. The determination was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 264 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃,and the sample size was 1 μL. Using tectorigenin as reference substance,UPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of Gehua formula granules were determined. The common peak identification and similarity evaluation were conducted by TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation Sys-tem(2004 A edition). RESULTS:14 common peaks were identified in UPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of Gehua formula gran-ules and similarities were all higher than 0.90. UPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples were in good agreement with control fingerprint. CONCLUSIONS:Established UPLC fingerprint can provide reference for identification and quality evaluation of Gehua formula granules.

Since the China's new healthcare reform has launched , beneficial policies introduced by the central and local governments has promoted the rapid development of private hospitals .This paper taking Sichuan Province as an ex-ample analyzes the development of private hospitals from four points of view:hospital amount, scale, location and services package, using 2002—2014 hospital-level data, which provides decision support for formulating and improving relative pol-icies.As per the analysis of the data at hand , it has been confirmed that private sector has developed quickly during the 13 years, with the number of hospitals increasing by 19.2%annually.Private hospitals were mainly of small-scale.Although the proportion of services provided by privates sector has grown yearly , it was merely 14.5%in 2014.The hospital location that the private sector selected concentrated mainly in developed regions , but the proportion of private hospital in the un-derdeveloped region has risen steadily .In terms of types of service provided , there were certain differences between private and public sector.Compared to the public sector, the private sector provided a higher proportion of specialized medical services, concentrating on otolaryngology , cosmetic plastic surgery , cardiovascular services , etc.

Objective To investigate the possible role of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and its advanced gly‐cation end products receptor (RAGE) in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .Methods The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the level of plasma HMGB1 in 52 cases of SLE (SLE group) and 40 healthy females undergoing physical examination (HC group) ,at the same time real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was employed to detect the expression of HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) .The correlation between plasma HMGB1 ,PBMCs HMGB1 and RAGE mRNA levels with clinical indicators was analyzed .Results The levels of plasma HMGB1 ,PBMCs HMGB1 mRNA in the SLE group were significantly higher than those in the HC group ,the differences were statistically significant (P< 0 .05) ,while the level of PBMCs RAGE mRNA had no statistical difference (P>0 .05);the Spearman correlation analysis showed that the level of plasma HMGB1 was positively correlated with antinuclear anti‐bodies titers and SLEDAI score in the SLE patients (P<0 .01) ,while had no obvious correlation with the other clinical and labora‐tory indicators(P>0 .05);the HMGB1 mRNA expression level was positively correlated with the RAGE mRNA expression level and SLEDAI scores(P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05) ,and had no obvious correlation with other clinical and laboratory indicators (P>0 .05) . Conclusion The abnormal expression of plasma HMGB1 and PBMCs HMGB1 mRNA in SLE patients prompts that which might be involved in the occurrence and development of SLE ,might participate in the immune and inflammatory regulation of SLE .

Exosomes are nano-vesicles released by many kinds of cells. Exosomes play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication and substance transportation through direct effect of signaling molecules on the cell membrane surface, intracellular regulation of cellular content during membrane fusion, or regulation of release of various bioactive molecules. Several studies have reported that culture supernatant of stem cells has some related exosomes to take part in wound repair. The secretion of exosomes is depended on the source and the physiological and pathological condition of deriving cells. How to stimulate the stem cells to produce exosomes maximally and their clinical application are worthy to explore. In this review, we summarize the biological function and application of exosomes derived from stem cells in wound repair.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of different anatomic landmark methods in determining the size of nasopharyngeal airway.Methods Fifty-two patients of both sexes,aged 16-60 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ to Ⅲ,with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m2,scheduled for elective awake craniotomy for supratentorial tumors under sedation-awake-sedation anesthesia,were included.For each patient,the distance from the apex of nose to the right tragus (NT),distance from apex of nose to the right mandibular angle (NM),and thyro-mental distance (TM) were measured and marked on a transnasal tube correspondingly.The patients were placed in supine position without pillow,topical anesthesia (nasal mucosal surface) was performed with 2％ lidocaine,and patients were sedated with midazo1am,propofol and dexmedetomidine.When Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score was 2 or 3 points,the tube was transnasally inserted to each marked depth.When the three marked depths mentioned above were reached,the positions of the tube's tip were checked using a fiberoptic bronchoscope and recorded as:above epiglottis (the tip of the tube was placed between the epiglottis and the free edge of soft palate) or below epiglottis (the tip of the tube placed at or beyond the epiglottis).Results When the depth reached the NT mark,the tube's tip was above epiglottis in 14 cases (27％),and the tube's tip was below epiglottis in 38 cases (73％).When the depth reached the NM mark,the tube's tip was above epiglottis in 31 cases (60％),and the tube's tip was below epiglottis in 21 cases (40％).When the depth reached the TM mark,the tube's tip was above epiglottis in 52 cases (100％).Compared with the NM and NT methods,the TM method had a higher probability with the tube's tip above epiglottis when used to determine the depth of insertion (P＜0.01).Conclusion TM anatomic landmark method provides higher accuracy in determining the size of nasopharyngeal airway.

Burn wound healing is closely associated with the depth of wound and early debridement.The traditional ways of debridement have certain limitations and often result in poor appearance and function of repaired area.At present,the hydrosurgery system has been applied clinically in burn field.This paper summarizes advantages and disadvantages of application of the hydrosurgery system in debridement of burn wound with different depths,different periods,extraordinary region,and uncommon agent.

Under the"New Medicine"context,how to integrate medical engineering technology into modern teaching methods has become a key approach to enhancing the quality and efficiency of medical education.This paper aims to advance medical education and teaching reforms,promote the comprehensive improvement in the quality of higher education,and focus on enhancing the quality of medical talent cultivation.For this purpose,the authors proposed an innovative intelligent classroom teaching model,based on artificial intelligence technology.This model utilized advanced camera technology to capture students'facial expressions in real-time,combining artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze students'understanding of medical concepts,and assisted teachers in adjusting classroom teaching strategies in real-time to improve learning effectiveness.This approach has significantly enhanced the overall quality and efficiency of medical education and is of great significance for cultivating versatile medical professionals with high levels of expertise and practical skills.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for hyperuricemia in patients with primary IgA nephropathy(IgAN).Methods A total of 186 patients with primary IgAN admitted to the Department of Nephrology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2018 to February 2021 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into the IgAN group(n=104)and IgAN with hyperuricemia group(n=82)according to the blood uric acid(UA)level.The clinical data of patients in the two groups were compared.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of IgAN with hyperuricemia,and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between blood UA levels and clinical indicators in patients with primary IgAN.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in gender,age,body mass index(BMI),blood albumin,plasma total protein,high-density lipoprotein,serum IgA,serum complement C3,and serum complement C4 between the two groups(P＞0.05).The systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),low-density lipoprotein,serum creatinine,total cholesterol,triglycerides,blood urea nitrogen,24-hour urine protein quantification,and blood UA level of patients in the IgAN with hyperuricemia group were significantly higher than those in the IgAN group,while hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were significantly lower than those in the IgAN group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant association between primary IgAN with hyperuricemia and age,BMI,blood albumin,plasma total protein,high-density lipoprotein,serum IgA,and serum complement C3(r=-0.020,-0.067,-0.064,-0.037,-0.103,0.008,0.042,P＞0.05);primary IgAN with hyperuricemia was positively correlated with SBP,low-density lipoprotein,DBP,serum creatinine,total cholesterol,triglycerides,blood urea nitrogen,and 24-hour urine protein quantification(r=0.392,0.296,0.552,0.713,0.452,0.787,0.599,0.655,P＜0.05),and was negatively correlated with hemoglobin level,serum complement C4 level,and eGFR(r=-0228,-0663,-0516,P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high SBP,DBP,triglyceride level,and blood UA level were independent risk factors for hyperuricemia in IgAN patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion High SBP,DBP,triglyceride level,and blood UA level are independent risk factors for hyperuricemia in patients with primary IgAN.

Objective:To explore the association between polygenic risk score (PRS) and age at onset and early-onset risk of gastric cancer (GC).Methods:Gastric cancer cases from existing genome-wide association study were included, and 112 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with GC risk were used to derive individual PRS. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test was used to depict the relationship between PRS and GC onset age. Cases diagnosed before 50 years old were defined as early-onset gastric cancer. Cox proportional hazard model was used to test the association between PRS and early-onset GC risk with early-onset age as the timescale and low genetic risk (PRS ≤20%) as the reference group.Results:A total of 8 629 cases, including 6 284 males (72.82%) and 2 345 females (27.18%), were included, and the mean age was (60.61±10.80) years old. The PRS was negatively correlated with age of GC onset ( r=-0.05, P<0.001). The mean age of gastric cancer cases with low, intermediate, and high genetic risk were (61.68±10.33), (60.53±10.79), (59.80±11.20), respectively. PRS was significantly associated with the risk of early-onset GC in a dose-response manner (intermediate genetic risk: HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.39, P=0.022; high genetic risk: HR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.20-1.71, P<0.001). Conclusions:PRS may contribute to the risk of both GC and early-onset GC. PRS can be used as a measurable indicator for risk prediction for occurrence and early-onset of GC.