Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual orientation among college students, and to explore possible sex difference. Methods: By using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 4 034 students were selected from 4 college schools. Self-made questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information, CSA experiences and sexual orientation. Logistic regression models were conducted to examine sex differences in the relationship between different types and timing of CSA and sexual orientation. Results: The reporting rates of heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual and asexual orientation of college students were 93.2%, 0.7%, 3.7% and 2.4%, respectively. For males, contact CSA (OR=14.70, 95%CI=5.73-37.72), both contact and noncontact CSA (OR=4.33,95%CI=1.91-9.84) in elementary school or earlier were associated with sexual orientaion. non-contact CSA (OR=4.20, 95%CI=2.21-7.98), both contact and noncontact CSA (OR=3.57, 95%CI=1.65-7.70) in middle school were related to sexual orientation. However, for females, non-contact CSA (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.02-3.13) and both contact and non-contact CSA (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.35-7.23) in elementary school or earlier were associated with sexual orientation. Conclusion CSA experiences are associated with sexual orientation in sex-specific manner, with significant stronger association among males.

Abstract Antisocial behavior among adolescents caused a severe burden on individuals, families and society, which has aroused a global concern. At present, the association of child abuse and monoamine oxidase A gene with antisocial behavior has been confirmed in most studies. However, there was a controversy about the interaction of child abuse and monoamine oxidase A gene on antisocial behavior. This study aimed to review latest findings and mechanisms of the interaction of child abuse and monoamine oxidase A gene on antisocial behavior among adolescents. The result showed that the child abuse interacted with monoamine oxidase A gene in antisocial behavior by influencing the specific neural circuits in the brain and changing the function of mood regulation, etc. Additionally, this study analyzed potential reasons for the inconsistency of current study findings, and identified the directions for future research. Moreover, this review was to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of adolescent antisocial behavior.

Objective:To analyze the difference of somatic mutation of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deletion (dMMR) /integrity (pMMR) in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods:A total of 93 cases of paraffin pathological tissue derived from CRC patients underwent surgical treatment and postoperative routine immunohistochemical diagnosed as dMMR in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College from January 2015 to January 2017 were collected and conducted the second-generation sequencing test. The expressions of 4 MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) in CRC tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry method, and the immunohistochemistry results were re-interpreted according to the American Association of Pathologists (CAP) standard. Second-generation sequencing technology was used to detect somatic mutations of 41 genes in 93 cases of paraffin pathological CRC tissue, and Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze the gene mutation differences between groups.Results:After re-evaluation according to CAP standard, 31 cases were divided into pMMR group and 62 cases in dMMR group among the 93 CRC patients. The medium number of gene mutations in the dMMR group was 9.5, higher than 3.0 of the pMMR group ( P<0.001). Somatic mutation differences were found in 17 genes between the dMMR and pMMR groups, including breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 (BRCA1), BRCA2, MLH1, PDGFRA, PIK3CA, APC, ATM, KIT, MET, PMS2, MSH6, POLE, MSH2, PTCH1, epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), TP53 and ERBB2 genes. The pathogenic somatic mutation rates of BRAF, MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 in the dMMR group were higher than those in the pMMR group [21.0% (13/62) vs 9.7% (3/31), 9.7% (6/62) vs 0 (0/31), 21.0% (13/62) vs 0 (0/31), 22.6% (14/62) vs 0 (0/31), P<0.05]. The mutation rate differences of BLM N515fs, BRAF V600E, PTCH1 R1308fs and KRAS G13D sites were statistically different between the dMMR group and the pMMR group [22.6% (14/62) vs 0 (0/31), 19.4% (12/62) vs 3.2% (1/31), 11.3% (7/62) vs 0 (0/31), 16.1% (10/62) vs 3.2% (1/31), P<0.05]. The mutation rates of 3 uncommon sites including BLM N515fs, MSH6 F1088fs and PTCH1 R1308fs were 28.2% (11/39), 15.4% (6/39) and 15.4% (6/39) in patients with dMMR who were missing MLH1 and PMS2 together, statistically different from all of 0 (0/31) in pMMR patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CRC Patients with dMMR have more related gene somatic mutations. The BRAF V600E mutation is closely related to dMMR. KRAS G13D, BLM N515fs and PTCH1 R1308fs mutation sites are also associated with the expression of MMR proteins.

Abstract Adolescent cyberbullying refers to adolescents who are subjected to offensive and violent behavior in social network environments through electronic technologies. Due to the anonymity of the Internet and the rapidity of transmission, cyberbullying has a serious and far reaching impact on the physical and mental health of teenagers. With the development of information technology, various forms of cyberbullying have emerged, and the formation mechanism and influencing factors of cyberbullying are diverse and complex. This article systematically reviews the research progress in cyberbullying by evaluating the epidemic characteristics, influencing factors, and related theoretical models that are relevant to adolescents, so as to provide a referential framework to build a public health system that can prevent cyberbullying in families, schools, and society.

Objective:To analyze the difference of somatic mutation of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deletion (dMMR) /integrity (pMMR) in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods:A total of 93 cases of paraffin pathological tissue derived from CRC patients underwent surgical treatment and postoperative routine immunohistochemical diagnosed as dMMR in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College from January 2015 to January 2017 were collected and conducted the second-generation sequencing test. The expressions of 4 MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) in CRC tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry method, and the immunohistochemistry results were re-interpreted according to the American Association of Pathologists (CAP) standard. Second-generation sequencing technology was used to detect somatic mutations of 41 genes in 93 cases of paraffin pathological CRC tissue, and Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze the gene mutation differences between groups.Results:After re-evaluation according to CAP standard, 31 cases were divided into pMMR group and 62 cases in dMMR group among the 93 CRC patients. The medium number of gene mutations in the dMMR group was 9.5, higher than 3.0 of the pMMR group ( P<0.001). Somatic mutation differences were found in 17 genes between the dMMR and pMMR groups, including breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 (BRCA1), BRCA2, MLH1, PDGFRA, PIK3CA, APC, ATM, KIT, MET, PMS2, MSH6, POLE, MSH2, PTCH1, epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), TP53 and ERBB2 genes. The pathogenic somatic mutation rates of BRAF, MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 in the dMMR group were higher than those in the pMMR group [21.0% (13/62) vs 9.7% (3/31), 9.7% (6/62) vs 0 (0/31), 21.0% (13/62) vs 0 (0/31), 22.6% (14/62) vs 0 (0/31), P<0.05]. The mutation rate differences of BLM N515fs, BRAF V600E, PTCH1 R1308fs and KRAS G13D sites were statistically different between the dMMR group and the pMMR group [22.6% (14/62) vs 0 (0/31), 19.4% (12/62) vs 3.2% (1/31), 11.3% (7/62) vs 0 (0/31), 16.1% (10/62) vs 3.2% (1/31), P<0.05]. The mutation rates of 3 uncommon sites including BLM N515fs, MSH6 F1088fs and PTCH1 R1308fs were 28.2% (11/39), 15.4% (6/39) and 15.4% (6/39) in patients with dMMR who were missing MLH1 and PMS2 together, statistically different from all of 0 (0/31) in pMMR patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:CRC Patients with dMMR have more related gene somatic mutations. The BRAF V600E mutation is closely related to dMMR. KRAS G13D, BLM N515fs and PTCH1 R1308fs mutation sites are also associated with the expression of MMR proteins.

Intestinal dysbiosis and disrupted bile acid(BA)homeostasis are associated with obesity,but the precise mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G(PPP1R3G)plays a pivotal role in regulating glycolipid metabolism;nevertheless,its obesity-combatting potency remains unclear.In this study,a substantial reduction was observed in serum PPP1R3G levels in high-body mass index(BMI)and high-fat diet(HFD)-exposed mice,establishing a positive correlation between PPP1R3G and non-12α-hydroxylated(non-12-OH)BA content.Additionally,hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Ppp1r3g(PPP1R3G HOE)mitigated HFD-induced obesity as evidenced by reduced weight,fat mass,and an improved serum lipid profile;hepatic steatosis alleviation was confirmed by normalized liver enzymes and histology.PPP1R3G HOE considerably impacted systemic BA homeostasis,which notably increased the non-12-OH BAs ratio,particularly lithocholic acid(LCA).16S ribosomal DNA(16S rDNA)sequencing assay indicated that PPP1R3G HOE reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus population,and elevating the relative abundance of Blautia,which exhibited a positive correlation with serum LCA levels.A fecal microbiome transplantation test confirmed that the anti-obesity effect of hepatic PPP1R3G was gut microbiota-dependent.Mechanistically,PPP1R3G HOE markedly suppressed hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)and sterol-12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1),and concurrently upregulated oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase and Takeda G protein-coupled BA receptor 5(TGR5)expression under HFD conditions.Furthermore,LCA administration significantly mitigated the HFD-induced obesity phenotype and elevated non-12-OH BA levels.These findings emphasize the significance of hepatic PPP1R3G in ameliorating diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis through the gut microbiota-BA axis,which may serve as potential ther-apeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.

Objective:To explore the effect of empowerment education in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) .Methods:From June 2020 to July 2021, convenience sampling was used to select 90 patients with coronary heart disease who received PCI in the Department of Cardiology of Qinhuai Medical District, Eastern Theater Command General Hospital as the research object. The 45 patients admitted from June to December 2020 were set as the control group, and the 45 patients admitted from January to July 2021 were set as the observation group. The control group received routine health education, and the observation group was given empowerment education on this basis. The physical activity level and aerobic exercise endurance of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there were between-group, time and interaction effects in the 6-minute walking distance between the two groups before intervention, one month and three months after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The physical activity levels of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after one and three months of intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Empowerment education can improve physical activity level and aerobic exercise endurance in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI.

Objective: To explore the association between acute stress response during the outbreak of COVID 19 and peer bullying behaviors during the normalized management of COVID 19 among middle school students, and to provide a basis for developing relevant measures for peer bullying prevention. Methods: In December 2020, a total of 2 219 students from two junior middle schools in South Anhui(Xuancheng City) and North Anhui(Huaibei City), were selected to participate in this study by using the cluster sampling method. The occurrence of verbal bullying, relational bullying, physical bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among victims and perpetrators of bullying, and self rated acute stress response during the outbreak of COVID 19 (social isolation) were investigated. Multiple Logistic regression models were conducted to explore the relationship between different levels of acute stress response during the COVID 19 outbreak and peer bullying behaviors among middle school students. Results: The reported rate of peer bullying, being bullied by others and bullying others during the COVID19 normalized management were 65.8%, 63.8% and 27.1%, respectively. The reporting rate of verbal bullying victimization was the highest (54.8%) and cyberbullying others was the lowest (4.6%). The mean score of acute stress response among middle school students during the COVID 19 outbreak was (6.50±1.67). Except for physically bullying others, the reported rate of other bullying behaviors was the highest in the high level acute stress response group ( P <0.05). Multiple Logistic regression models showed that high levels of acute stress response were associated with high risk of verbal bullying victimization ( OR =1.38), relational bullying victimization ( OR =2.28), physical bullying victimization ( OR =1.87) and cyberbullying victimization ( OR =2.30) after adjusting for related confounders. In the high level acute stress response group, verbal bullying ( OR =1.80), relational bullying ( OR =1.99), physical bullying ( OR =1.76) and cyberbullying ( OR =2.32) had higher risks of bullying others than in the low level acute stress response group ( P <0.05). Conclusion High levels of acute stress response are associated with different peer bullying behaviors, with stronger associations with cyberbullying.

Objective:To explore the relationship of early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and depth of response (DpR) with the prognosis and treatment effect of trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of 23 patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed by imaging in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1st, 2008 to December 31th, 2017. Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for the survival analysis. Cox regression was used to analyze the factors associated with prognosis.Results:The objective response rate (ORR) of the 23 patients was 43.5% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 82.6%. Univariate analysis showed the median progress-free survival (mPFS) of ETS≥20% and ETS<20% were 13.0 months and 4.5 months, respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.001). The median overall survival (mOS) of ETS≥20% and ETS<20% were 26.8 months and 10.1 months, respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.001). The median progress-free survival (mPFS) of DpR≥15% and DpR<15% were 13.0 months and 4.5 months, respectively, with statistical significance ( P=0.001). The median overall survival (mOS) of DpR≥15% and DpR<15% were 26.8 months and 9.5 months, respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed ETS was an independent factor of PFS ( P=0.030), tumor site and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score were independent factors of OS ( P<0.05). Conclusion:ETS and DpR might be used to predict the treatment efficacy and prognosis of trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of HER-2 positive gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression of Nanog and its regulatory relationship with MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods We detected Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 protein expressions in 127 ESCC tissues and 82 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry and explored their correlations with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients.GEO database was utilized to analyze the pathways enriched with the stemness-related molecules including Nanog,and TIMER online tool was used to analyze the correlations among TβR1,MMP-2,and MMP-9 in esophageal cancer.Results Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins were significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and positively intercorrelated.Their expression levels were closely correlated with infiltration depth and lymph node metastasis of ESCC but not with age,gender,or tumor differentiation.The patients with high expressions of Nanog and MMP-2/MMP-9 had significantly shorter survival time.Bioinformatics analysis showed enrichment of stemness-associated molecules in the TGF-β signaling pathway,and the expressions of MMP-2/MMP-9 and TβR1 were positively correlated.In cultured ESCC cells,Nanog knockdown significantly decreased the expression of TβR1,p-Smad2/3,MMP-2,and MMP-9 and strongly inhibited cell migration.Conclusion The high expressions of Nanog,MMP-2,and MMP-9,which are positively correlated,are closely related with invasion depth,lymph node metastasis,and prognosis of ESCC.Nanog regulates the expressions of MMP-2/MMP-9 proteins through the TGF-β signaling pathway,and its high expression promotes migration of ESCC cells.