Objective To evaluate ketamine-induced cerebral protection in mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods Thirty-two pathogen-free healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 8 weeks,weighing 26-30 g,were divided into 4 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n=7),ketanine group (group K,n=7),TBI group (n=9) and TBI plus ketamine group (group TBI+K,n =9).TBI was produced with a pneumatically driven controlled cortical impact device.Ketamine 150 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at l h after operation in TBI+K and K groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in TBI and C groups.Open field test was conducted at 24 h,72 h and 7 days after operation.The animals in TBI and TBI+K groups were scanned by T1-weighted MRI at 6,24 and 72 h after operation,the animals in C and K groups were scanned by MRI at 24 h after operation,and the development of cerebral edema was observed.Results MRI scan showed no cerebral edema in C and K groups,and different degrees of cerebral edema were found in TBI and TBI+K groups.Compared with group C,the locomotor distance was significantly shortened at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI (P＜0.05).Compared with group TBI,the size of cerebral edema was significantly decreased,and the locomotor distance was prolonged at 24 and 72 h after operation in group TBI+K (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion MRI method further clarifies that ketamine can produce cerebral protection to some extent in mice with TBI.

Oral medicine and deep brain stimulation are two main treatments for Parkinson′s disease (PD). But their long-term efficacies are decreasing, which limit the choice of patients in advanced stage. As a special way of sensory intervention, rhythmic cueing can improve gait parameters, reduce freezing of gait severity and improve gait-related mobility by activating the motor pathway directly, repairing internal clock, promoting internal dopamine release and improving cognitive function to maintain gait stability. Rhythmic auditory and visual cueing has a potential in PD treatment.

Objective To investigate the expression of lncRNA HOTAIR, HOTAIR, CRNDE and AFAP1-AS1 in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis (LCWBM), and to elucidate the diagnostic value of lncRNAs for LCWBM. Methods Serum was collected from 38 LCWBM patients and 38 lung cancer without bone metastasis (LCWOBM) patients. Questionnaires were used to collect basic information of patients. Fasting peripheral venous blood of patients was collected to separate serum. qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of four serum lncRNAs, and their diagnostic value for LCWBM was analyzed. Results The expression of serum HOTAIR was decreased in LCWBM patients, compared with LCWOBM patients (P < 0.05); the AUC of serum HOTAIR diagnosing LCWBM was 0.722 (sensitivity was 70.0%, specificity was 81.3%). And the level of serum HOTTIP was significantly increased in LCWBM patients, compared with LCWOBM patients (P < 0.05); AUC of serum HOTTIP diagnosing LCWBM was 0.784 (sensitivity was 100.0%, specificity was 45.5%). The AUC of serum HOTAIR combined with HOTTIP diagnosing LCWBM was 0.818 (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.5%, 72.7%, 70.0% and 88.9%, respectively). Conclusion Serum lncRNA HOTAIR and HOTTIP might be potential diagnostic biomarkers for bone metastases in lung cancer patients.

Mentalizing is the vital cognitive basis of understanding of action intention.However,there are few studies on the complex relationship of them.The present study,firstly,discusses the concepts and the brain mechanisms of empathy and understanding of action intention,indicating the temporal dynamic features of mentalizing as well as understanding of action intention.Secondly,based on Intention Processing Network,the process of mentalizing in understanding of action intention is in hierarchy and division.During which,ventral medial prefrontal lobe plays a vital role on integrating and transforming the cognitive and affective information.Empathy and mentalizing transform into each other through ventral medial prefrontal lobe.So empathy probably mediates the relationship of mentalizing and understanding of action intention.Empathy,mentalizing and understanding of action intention can be integrated under the framework of hybrid models.Future studies should examine the relationship between empathy and understanding of action intention by empirical researches.

Objective In view of the controversy over radiotherapy target volume for patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer ( SCLC), a prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the impact of different radiotherapy target volumes on prognosis. Methods After 2 cycles of EP chemotherapy,patients without progressive disease were randomly assigned to receive thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) to either the post-or pre-chemotherapy primary tumour extent as study arm or control. Involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) to the entire metastatic lymph node regions was applied for both arms. TRT consisted of 45 Gy/30Fx/19 d administered concurrently with cycle 3 chemotherapy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was administered to patients achieved complete or partial remission. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results Between June 2002 and December 2017,159 and 150 patients were randomly assigned to study arm and control respectively. The 1-,2-,and 5-year local/regional control rates were 79. 4%,61. 5% and 60. 1% respectively in the study arm versus 79. 8%,66. 5%,and 57. 3% in the control arm (P=0. 73). The median OS time was 22. 1 months in the study arm (95%CI,18. 2-26. 0 months) and 26. 9 months (95%CI,23. 5-30. 3 months) in the control arm,the 1-,3-,5-,and 7-year OS rates were 81. 1%,31. 6%, 23. 9% and 22. 2% respectively in the study arm versus 85. 3%,36. 6%,26. 1% and 20. 0% in the control arm (P=0. 51).Grade 2-3 acute esophagitis was developed in 32. 9% and 43. 2% of patients respectively in study arm and control arm (P=0. 01),while grade 2-3 pulmonary fibrosis was observed in 2. 0% and 10. 9% of patients ( P= 0. 01 ) respectively. Conclusions For patients with limited-stage SCLC who received induction chemotherapy,thoracic radiotherapy can be limited to post-chemotherapy tumour extent and IFRT can be routinely applied.

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of curcumin on gemcitabine （GEM）-resistant pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells and its mechanism. METHODS： CCK8 assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of GEM （50， 100， 150， 200， 250 μmol/L） on the survival rate of SW1990 cells and GEM-resistant SW1990 cells （SW1991/GEM resistant cells）； half inhibitory concentration （IC50） and drug resistance multiple were calculated. CCK8 assay was performed to detect the effects of different concentrations of curcumin （1， 5， 10， 20， 40 μmol/L） on survival rate of SW1990/GEM resistant cells， and IC50 was calculated. CCK8 assay was used to detect the effects of curcumin 2.41 μmol/L combined with different concentrations of GEM （25， 50， 75， 100， 125 μmol/L） on the survival rate of SW1990 cells and SW1990/GEM resistant cells， and IC50 and drug resistance reversal fold of GEM were calculated. Flow cytometry was carried out to detect the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate of SW1990 after treated with GEM alone or curcumin （2.41 μmol/L） combined with GEM using IC50 of GEM as drug concentration. Western blot assay was used to the protein expression of FAS， AKT， p-AKT， PI3K， p-PI3K， Caspase-3， Bcl-2 and related X protein （Bax）. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression. RESULTS： IC50 of GEM to SW1990 cells was 92 μmol/L. IC50 of GEM to SW1990/GEM resistant cells was 216 μmol/L， and drug resistance multiple SW1990 cells to GEM was 2.35. IC50 of curcumin to SW1990/GEM resistant cells was 9.2 μmol/L. Under 2.41 μmol/L curcumin， IC50 of GEM to SW1990 cells was 75  μmol/L， and IC50 of GEM to SW1990/GEM resistant cells was 98 μmol/L； drug resistance reversal multiple of SW1990/GEM resistant cells to GEM was 2.2. Compared with GEM alone， the apoptosis rate of SW1990 cells and SW1990/GEM resistant cells were increased significantly after curcumin combined with GEM （P＜0.05）， blocking at G0/G1 phase； the protein expression of FAS， p-AKT， p-PI3K and Bcl-2 and mRNA expression of FAS and Bcl-2 were decreased significantly  （P＜0.05）； the protein and mRNA expression of Bax      and Caspase-3 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Curcumin can reverse drug resistance of SW1990 cells to GEM， the mechanism of which may be associated with PI3K/AKT pathway.