Background: Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recovered patients (RPs) is gradually recognized by more people. However, how long it will last and the underlining mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a prospective follow-up study to evaluate the long-term symptoms and clinical indices of RPs at one-year after discharge from Union Hospital, Wuhan, China between December 2020 to May 2021. We also performed the 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples from RPs and healthy controls (HCs) and analyzed the correlation between the gut microbiota and long COVID-19. Results: In total, 187 RPs were enrolled, among them, 84 (44.9%) RPs reported long COVID-19 symptoms at one-year after discharge. The most common long-term symptoms were cardiopulmonary symptoms, including chest tightness after activity (39/187, 20.9%), palpitations on exercise (27/187, 14.4%), sputum (21/187, 11.2%), cough (15/187, 8.0%) and chest pain (13/187, 7.0%), followed by systemic symptoms including fatigue (34/187, 18.2%) and myalgia (20/187, 10.7%), and digestive symptoms including constipation (14/187, 7.5%), anorexia (13/187, 7.0%), and diarrhea (8/187, 4.3%). Sixty-six (35.9%) RPs presented either anxiety or depression (42/187 [22.8%] and 53/187 [28.8%] respectively), and the proportion of anxiety or depression in the long symptomatic group was significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic group (41/187 [50.6%] vs. 25/187 [24.3%]). Compared with the asymptomatic group, scores of all nine 36-Item Short Form General Health Survey domains were lower in the symptomatic group (all P < 0.05). One hundred thirty RPs and 32 HCs (non-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected subjects) performed fecal sample sequencing.Compared with HCs, symptomatic RPs had obvious gut microbiota dysbiosis including significantly reduced bacterial diversities and lower relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing salutary symbionts such as Eubacterium_hallii_group, Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Coprococcus, and Eubacterium_ventriosum_group. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Eubacterium_hallii_group, Subdoligranulum, and Ruminococcus showed decreasing tendencies between HCs, the asymptomatic group, and the symptomatic group. Conclusion This study demonstrated the presence of long COVID-19 which correlates with gut microbiota dysbiosis in RPs at one-year after discharge, indicating gut microbiota may play an important role in long COVID-19.

[摘 要] 目的：探究牛蒡子苷元（ARC）通过调控Notch/Hes-1信号通路对口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）HSC-3细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法：使用不同质量浓度的ARC处理人HSC-3细胞，CCK-8法检测ARC对细胞增殖活力的影响，以选择适宜的药物浓度。将HSC-3细胞分为对照组、ARC-L组（10 mg/L ARC）、ARC-M组（20 mg/L ARC）、ARC-H组（40 mg/L ARC）和ARC-H+Jagged1/FC组（40 mg/L ARC+1.2 μg/mL Jagged1/FC）。采用EdU法检测细胞增殖能力，划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验和流式细胞术分别检测细胞的迁移、侵袭能力及细胞周期和细胞凋亡率，WB法检测增殖（c-Myc、cyclin D1）、凋亡（BAX、Bcl-2、survivin）、EMT（E-cadherin、vimentin、Snail）及Notch/Hes-1通路（Notch 1、Hes-1、NICD）相关蛋白的表达水平。结果：与0 mg/L相比，10~80 mg/L的ARC均能显著降低HSC-3细胞增殖活力（均P<0.05）。与对照组相比，ARC-L组、ARC-M组和ARC-H组HSC-3细胞EdU阳性率、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数、S期和G2/M期细胞占比及c-Myc、cyclin D1、Bcl-2、survivin、vimentin、Snail、Notch 1、Hes-1和NICD蛋白表达均显著降低（均P<0.05），细胞凋亡率、G0/G1期细胞占比及BAX、E-cadherin的蛋白表达均显著升高（均P<0.05），且呈浓度梯度依赖性。同时使用Notch激动剂Jagged1/FC，则可部分逆转ARC对HSC-3细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡及相关蛋白表达的作用（均P<0.05）。结论：ARC可能通过抑制Notch/Hes-1信号通路抑制OSCC细胞HSC-3增殖和侵袭并促进细胞凋亡。

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.

Objective To observe the effect of Kinesio Taping with lattice shapes on pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP). Methods From March, 2017 to April, 2018, 56 patients with PLBP were randomly divided into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 28). Both groups received the core stability training, while the experimental group accepted Kinesio Taping with lattice shapes additionally. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Roland-Morris Dysfunction Questionnaire (RMDQ), range of lumbar activity and torso angle before, three days and two weeks after treatment. Results The range of lumbar activity improved significantly in both groups (t > 6.327, P < 0.01) three days after treatment, while the scores of VAS and RMDQ, and the torso angle improved significantly in the experimental group (t > 4.862, P < 0.001). The scores of VAS and RMDQ, the range of lumbar activity, and the torso angle improved significantly in both groups two weeks after treatment (P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Kinesio Taping with lattice shapes combined with core stability training can further reduce the lower back pain and improve the function for the PLBP patients.

The basic pathological change of diabetic macroangiopathy is atherosclerosis， and the metabolism legacy effect of hyperglycemia will cause continuous damage to the large vessels. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism for diabetes and its chronic complications and it is also the basis of the metabolism legacy effect which keeps damaging the large vessels. Anti-oxidant therapy can delay the course of diabetic macroangiopathy. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the pathogenicity of hidden pathogen is concealing， lingering， and refractory. On the basis of the syndrome and treatment of collateral diseases， vessel-collateral theory， and hidden pathogen theory of TCM， the pathological changes of diabetic macroangiopathy are summarized as pathogen concealment-accumulation of sugar and lipids leading to phlegm and blood stasis-accumulation of toxins-damage to vessels and collaterals-hardening vessels. The core pathogenesis is the hidden pathogen damaging the collaterals， and the basic pathological change is vessel hardening. The toxins of sugar， lipid， phlegm， and stasis are the pathological products and the key to be treated. According to this theory， the medicinal materials with the functions of activating blood to dredging collaterals， resolving phlegm to clearing collaterals， Promoting qi to unblocking collaterals and removing toxins to shunting collaterals can be selected for prescription. These medicinal materials can inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species， affect the oxidase activity， and enhance the antioxidant capacity， thereby regulating the oxidative stress response， protecting the vascular endothelial function， reducing the damage of the large blood vessels， and slowing down the progression of the disease. Such therapy is of great significance in clinical practice and research， providing a new idea for the prevention and treatment of diabetic macroangiopathy.