Objective:To explore the potential facilitators and barriers to healthy behavior among stroke patients.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 16 stroke patients from September 2022 to March 2023 using an objective sampling method.The interview guide was developed using the theoretical domain framework(TDF). Interviews were transcribed and refined the theme using directed content and induction analysis.Using the TDF as the initial coding framework, the themes were then merged into the most relevant domains.Finally, the correspondence between theoretical domains and the healthy behavior of stroke patients was determined based on the frequency and relationship between themes.Results:This study identified nine theoretical domains that affected the healthy behavior of stroke patients: knowledge, skills, motivation and goals, social influences, social/professional role and identity, environment context and resources, belief about capability, consequence belief and behavioral regulation.Conclusion:The healthy behavior of stroke patients is complex and influenced by several factors.The nine theoretical domains identified in this study will provide recommendations for future healthy behavior interventions for stroke patients.

Objective:To explore the expression of Fbxw7 protein and its clinical significance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to provide a basis for prognostic judgement and searching the new therapeutic targets of DLBCL.Methods:A total of 72 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who received immunohistochemical detection of c-myc protein from January 2011 to September 2017 in Cancer Hospital Affilicoted to Zhengzhou University were enrolled. The paraffin-embedded specimens after lymph node biopsy and the clinical data of patients were also collected. At the same time, 22 samples of lymph node reactive hyperplasia were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Fbxw7 protein in DLBCL tissues and control tissues. The relationship between the expression of Fbxw7 protein and c-myc protein, the association of Fbxw7 protein expression with DLBCL patients' clinicopathological characteristics, efficacy and prognosis were analyzed.Results:The positive rate of Fbxw7 protein in DLBCL tissues was lower than that in control tissues, and the difference was statistically significant [63.89% (46/72) vs. 86.36% (19/22), χ 2 = 3.990, P = 0.046]. Among DLBCL patients, the positive rate of Fbxw7 protein in non-germinal center B cell (non-GCB) group was lower than that in germinal center B cell (GCB) group, and the difference was statistically significant [48.15% (13/27) vs. 73.33% (33/45), χ 2 = 4.639, P = 0.031]. There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rate of Fbxw7 protein among patients with different age, gender, neoplasm staging, international prognostic index (IPI) scores, B symptom, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, β 2 microglobulin level, and therapeutic efficacy after initial treatment (all P > 0.05). In DLBCL tissues, the expression of Fbxw7 and c-myc protein was negatively correlated ( r = -0.255, P = 0.031). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate (88.3% and 82.0%) of the Fbxw7 positive group were higher than those of the Fbxw7 negative group (70.2% and 60.1%). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the down-regulation of Fbxw7 protein expression was an independent risk factor affecting OS and PFS in DLBCL patients ( HR = 3.656, 95% CI 1.055-12.674, P = 0.041; HR = 2.897, 95% CI 1.092-7.688, P = 0.033). Conclusions:The expression of Fbxw7 protein and c-myc protein in DLBCL patients is negatively correlated. Fbxw7 protein is down-regulated in DLBCL, and it is more obvious in non-GCB subtype. The down-regulated expression of Fbxw7 protein is related to the poor prognosis of DLBCL, and Fbxw7 may become a new therapeutic target of DLBCL.

Objective To compare the hemostatic safety and efficacy of a new butterfly femoral artery compression device (FACD) with those of manual compression (MC) in patients undergoing percutaneous peripheral endovascular interventions via femoral artery. Methods A total of 283 patients, who received percutaneous endovascular interventions via femoral artery during the period from September 2016 to December 2017, were enrolled in this study. After endovascular intervention, 167 patients received FACD to make hemostasis (FACD group), and 116 patients received MC hemostasis (MC group) . The patient's comfortableness, time used for hemostasis (min), limb immobilization time (h), and the incidence of vascular complications in both groups were analyzed. Results All 283 patients were included in analysis, the results indicated that the hemostatic success rates in FACD group and MC group were 96.4％ (161/167) and 94.0％ (109/116) respectively, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05) . The postoperative Kolcaba Comfort Scale score of FACD group was (85.0 ±11.2) points, which was remarkably higher than (58.4±11.7) points of MC group (P<0.05), the time used for hemostasis in FACD group was (9.2 ±2.2) min, which was strikingly shorter than (18.5 ±2.9) min in MC group (P <0.05) . The limb immobilization time in FACD group was (10.4±2.4) hours, which was obviously shorter than (23.1±4.1) hours in MC group (P <0.05) . The incidence of vascular complications in FACD group was 3.6％, which was dramatically lower than 9.5％ in MC group (χ2=4.206, P=0.04) . Conclusion The use of the new butterfly FACD can promptly, safely and effectively stop bleeding of femoral artery puncture site. The new butterfly FACD is superior to MC in shortening hemostatic time and limb immobilization time, in reducing incidence of vascular complications, as well as in improving patient's comfortableness degree.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of RMT1-10-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) in vitro on high-risk corneal allograft rejection in mice and its mechanism. Methods:One hundred SPF male BALB/c mice and fifty SPF male C57BL/6 mice were selected.Bone marrow-derived immature dendritic cells (imDCs) obtained from C57BL/6 mice were divided into imDCs group, mature dentritic cells (mDCs) group, RMT1-10 group, and IgG isotype control group.The imDCs in the four groups were cultured with no intervention, lipopolysaccharide, RMT1-10 and lipopolysaccharide, or IgG isotype antibody and lipopolysaccharide for 7 days according to grouping.The expression levels of different phenotypes of DCs including CD11c, CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-Ⅱ, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing molecule (Tim)-4 and CD103 in the four groups were detected by flow cytometry.The concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the DCs supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A mixed lymphocyte culture system was established, and the stimulation index (SI) of CD4 + T cell proliferation stimulated with DCs was detected by cell counting kit 8 method.Corneal neovascularization was induced by corneal stromal suture in BALB/c mice, and the 80 mice with neovascularization in 4 quadrants growing into the middle and peripheral cornea were used as recipients.The recipient mice were randomized into imDCs group, mDCs group, RMT1-10 group, and IgG isotype control group using the random number table method, with 20 mice in each group.An injection of corresponding DCs (1×10 6 cells/100 μl) was administered to the recipient mice via the tail vein according to grouping.At 7 days following the injection, C57BL/6 mice were used as donors and penetrating keratoplasty was performed.Within one month after the operation, signs of corneal grafts rejection, including opacity, edema and neovascularization, were observed by slit lamp biomicroscopy and scored every day.At 21 days after the operation, 5 recipients selected from each group were subcutaneously injected with naive C57BL/6 splenocytes (1×10 6 cells/100 μl) behind the ear.The delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated by ear swelling at 24 hours after the subcutaneous injection.The use and care of experimental animals complied with the Regulations on the Management of Experimental Animals promulgated by the State Science and Technology Commission.This study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University (No.CYFYLL2020055). Results:Compared with mDCs group, the expressions of CD80, CD86 and MHC-Ⅱ, and the percentage of Tim-4-positive cells in CD11c-positive cells were significantly decreased in RMT1-10 group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). The percentage of Tim-4-positive cells were significantly decreased in RMT1-10 group than imDCs group, and the percentage of CD103-positive cells in RMT1-10 group was significantly higher than imDCs group, mDCs group and IgG isotype control group (all at P<0.001). The concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β in the cell culture supernatant of RMT1-10 group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the SI of CD4 + T cell proliferation simulated by DCs ( Fgroup=1 833.00, P<0.001; Fratio=230.40, P<0.001; Finteraction=3.06, P=0.01). The SI of DCs/CD4 + T cells ratio at 1∶5, 1∶10, 1∶20 and 1∶40 were all significantly lower in imDCs group than mDCs group, and were all significantly lower in RMT1-10 group than imDCs group (all at P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in corneal graft survival curve among various groups ( χ2=77.69, P<0.001). The survival rate of RMT1-10 group was significantly higher than that of imDCs group ( χ2=9.74, P=0.002), and the survival rate of imDCs group was significantly higher than that of mDCs group ( χ2=31.02, P<0.001). The ear swelling of recipient mice of positive control group, mDCs group, IgG isotype control group, imDCs group and RMT1-10 group was (503.6±17.2), (475.7±17.6), (456.2±18.8), (225.2±39.4), (118.1±12.6), and (106.4±7.4) μm, with a statistically significant difference among them ( F=377.10, P<0.001). The mice ear swelling was more serious in positive control group than mDCs group, more serious in IgG isotype control group than imDCs group, and more serious in imDCs group than RMT1-10 group (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:RMT1-10 can inhibit the rejection of high-risk corneal transplantation in mice, the mechanism of which may be attributed to inducing imDCs to transform into Tol-DCs in vitro and up-regulating the expression of TGF-β and IL-10, which promotes antigen-specific immune tolerance after adoptive transfer, thereby indirectly prolongs the survival of corneal grafts.

Objective Explore differences in the cognitive abilities of socially different Labradors.Methods The dog mentality assessment(DMA)test created by the Swedish Working Dog Association was modified to employ 12 behavioral variables from five subtests of the DMA test,social contact,play Ⅰ,distance-play,ghosts and play Ⅱ,to assess sociability of the dogs.In accordance with the scoring criteria,49 labradors provided by the China Guide Dog Training Centre in Dalian were scored on the social behavioral variables and classified into high(n=15)and low(n=34)sociability groups by cluster analysis.A new system to test canine cognitive ability was developed using the dog cognitive development battery,which tests various domains of cognitive ability such as social cue use,unsolvable task,inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,working memory,and multistep problem solving task.The dogs'behavioral performance and duration of the test were also recorded.Statistical analysis was performed to determine assess differences in the cognitive abilities of socially diverse dogs.Results Dogs in the high and low social subgroups differed significantly in behavioral variables of the unsolvable task,inhibitory control test,and multistep problem solving task.In the unsolvable task,dogs in the high social group looked at people for significantly longer than dogs in the low social grouping(P=0.008)and looked at people with significantly less latency time than dogs in the low social group(P=0.0001).In the inhibitory control,dogs in the high social group chose significantly more correctly than dogs in the low social group(P=0.034)and chose for significantly less time than dogs in the low social group(P=0.039).In the multistep problem solving task,for dogs in the high social group.successfully completed number of stakes was significantly higher than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.044).The percentage of operation pale time was significantly lower than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.05).The average latency time to solve the bone task was significantly higher than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.037).Moreover,the percentage of operation bone time was significantly lower than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.038).In tests involving a manipulable apparatus,dogs in the high social group spent more time looking at people than dogs in the low social group and less time manipulating the apparatus than dogs in the low subgroup,but no statistically significant differences were observed(P＞0.05).Conclusions Highly sociable labradors have a greater cognitive ability,they are more able to suppress impulses during tests,more able to complete the multistep problem solving task,and more inclined to change strategies to seek new cues from people rather than obsessing over manipulating the apparatus when they are unable to solve a problem.

Objective:To summarize genotype-phenotype features and explore the long-term outcome of bilateral globus pallidus interna deep brain stimulation (DBS) in chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) patients.Methods:Seven patients who diagnosed with ChAc were included in this study from April 2016 to April 2018 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Whole-exome sequencing was used for gene analysis of the patients, and the genotype-phenotype features of these patients were recorded. All patients underwent the DBS surgery, and long term follow-up was conducted before surgery, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery. Patients were scored using the Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) to evaluate the long-term efficacy of DBS surgery.Results:The main clinical manifestations in all 7 patients were oro-faciol-ingual dyskinesia, limb chorea, dystonia, and dysarthria. Genetic testing found that all patients had VPS13A gene pathogenic variation, but the type of variation was different. The UHDRS motor score before bilateral pallidal DBS surgery was 37.00±16.68, which significantly improved to 19.67±5.99 at 1 year post-surgery, with average improvement of 46.8% ( t=5.20, P=0.003), to 23.86±8.99 at 3 years post-surgery, with average improvement of 35.5% ( t=3.08, P=0.022), and to 29.00±14.97 at 5 years post-surgery, with average improvement of 21.6% ( t=1.41, P=0.217). The symptoms of patients were most significantly improved in limb chorea and oro-facio-lingual dyskinesia. However, at the 5-year follow-up, severe dystonia and gait difficulties reoccurred in 3/7 and 4/7 of the patients, respectively. The patient′s dysarthria had not been effectively improved. Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of patients with ChAc are relatively consistent, but there is significant genetic heterogeneity. Bilateral pallidal DBS therapy is effective for patients with ChAc, but the long-term efficacy decreases with disease progression.

Objective:To explore the latent classes of health behavior and explore the predictive factors among stroke patients.Methods:A total of 1 250 participants were recruited using cluster random sampling in September 2022. The general information, the modified Rankin scale(mRS), stroke prevention knowledge questionnaire(SPKQ), health behavior scale for stroke patients (HBS-SP), and short form-health belief model scale (SF-HBMS) were administered in the cross-sectional survey. Mplus 8.3 software was used to conduct a latent class analysis (LCA) on the health behavior of stroke patients, and SPSS 27.0 software was used to carry out multinomial Logistic regression to analyze the predictive factors of different latent classes of health behavior of stroke patients.Results:The health behavior of stroke patients obtained three latent classes: low health behaviors-lack of health responsibility group (66.9%, n=794), moderate health behaviors-poor compliance group (11.9%, n=141), and good health behaviors-insufficient exercise group (21.2%, n=251). Compared with good health behaviors-insufficient exercise group, stroke patients with shorter duration education time ( B=-0.589, OR=0.555, P=0.036), hemorrhagic stroke ( B=0.082, OR=1.086, P<0.001), fewer comorbidities ( B=-0.022, OR=0.978, P=0.026), higher mRS score ( B=-0.046, OR=1.047, P=0.004), lower SPKQ score ( B=-0.055, OR=0.947, P=0.016), and lower SF-HBMS score ( B=-0.085, OR=0.919, P<0.001) were more likely to be included in moderate health behaviors-poor compliance group. However, stroke patients with shorter duration education time ( B=-0.026, OR=0.974, P=0.003), rural areas dwelling ( B=0.800, OR=2.225, P=0.004), fewer comorbidities ( B=-0.056, OR=0.945, P<0.001), lower SPKQ score ( B=-0.101, OR=0.904, P<0.001), and lower SF-HBMS score ( B=-0.071, OR=0.931, P<0.001) were more likely to be included in low health behaviors-lack of health responsibility group. Conclusion:The health behavior of stroke patients has three latent classes. A targeted intervention should be carried out according to the characteristics of different classes to improve their health behavior levels.

ERK1/2 is a key protein that mediates cell signal transduction, and it is involved in regulating biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, nuclear disintegration, proliferation, survival, metabolism, and cell migration and differentiation. Its overactivation is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer, and the mechanism is manifested as the overactivation of ERK1/2 by gene mutations of upstream pathway molecules or regulators and the reactivation of ERK1/2 after inhibition against the above targets. ERK1/2 is a potentially valuable target. In this review, the mechanism of post-translational modification and spatial regulation of ERK1/2 and the application status of corresponding small-molecule inhibitors were discussed. The current antitumor strategy of targeting and regulating ERK1/2 was summarized, and the possibility of exploring potential targets was elucidated, thus providing new insights into the developmental research of ERK1/2 as an ideal anticancer target.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Both genetic factors and smoking are associated with ischemic stroke (IS) risk. However, little is known about the potential interaction of these factors. We aimed to assess whether smoking and a positive family history interact to increase the risk of IS. METHODS: The nationwide prospective study recruited 210,000 men and 300,000 women in 2004 to 2008 at ages 30 to 79 years. During 9.7 years of follow-up, we documented 16,923 and 20,656 incident IS cases in men and women without major chronic diseases at baseline, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine associations between family history and IS. Likelihood ratio tests were used to test the smoking-family history interactions on IS. RESULTS: About 67.8% (n=135,168) of men ever smoked regularly compared with 2.7% (n=7,775) of women. Among men, a significant interaction between family history and smoking on IS was observed (P for interaction=0.03), with more pronounced association between family history and IS among ever-regular smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.27) than among never-smokers (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.23). The association between family history and IS among ex-smokers after more than 10 years of cessation (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.20) appeared similar to that among never-smokers. Among women, a similar but not significant interaction between family history and smoking on IS was observed. Ever-regular smokers who had a family history of stroke had the highest risk of IS. CONCLUSIONS: Among Chinese men, the association of family history with IS was accentuated by smoking, and such accentuation tended to be lowered by cessation.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Family Health ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Tobacco

Objective To study the implementation effects of China′s contracted service policy for family physicians. Methods Systematic evaluation method was used to extract, describe and analyze the literature information of the research on the implementation effect of family physicians contracted service policy. Results A total of 80 papers of four types were rounded up, including 47 on the effect of health management on patients with chronic diseases, 11 on the effect of health management on the elderly, 15 on the effect on the first diagnosis in the community, and 7 on the effect on the control of medical expenses.The research is mostly distributed in the developed areas in the east. The family physicians contracted service promotes the health management effect of patients with chronic diseases and the elderlies, improves the first visit ratio of residents at their community, and effectively controls the medical expenses.Existing research shows that such a service has achieved initial success.However, the research also identified such common problems as the shortage and low competence of family physicians, low quality, resource integration and inadequate policy publicity. Conclusions The contracted service policy in China has begun to play the role of " health gatekeeper" and " cost gatekeeper" to some extent.It is suggested to strengthen the training of general practitioners, establish and perfect incentive mechanism, and improve the construction of information platform, while the implementation effect of contracted services for family physicians deserve further study in a broader scope, deeper level and design specifications.