In order to understand the status of neonatal transport research at home and abroad,we summarized and analyzed the research progress of neonatal transport through the literature search.Thus we evaluated the current application of a variety of transport critical rating system.Intrauterine transport is considered the safest mode of transport,and promote intrauterine transport of high-risk mothers.It is suggested that the parents participate in the transshipment process and return the stable children to the local hospital for further treatment and promote the family-centered treatment mode.In transit,mobile ECMO,hypothermia and other advanced equipment in foreign countries have been applied.It is recommended to use the respiratory function monitor to monitor the respiration during transit.It can provide the parameters of respiratory wave,identify air leak,accidental release,spontaneous breathing.

Objective To observe the effect of active components(glycyrrhizic acid monoaminate,total ginsenoside and to-tal ophiopogonoside)of Zhi Gancao Decoction(ZGD)and their combination on the triggered activity and myocardial dam-age in the isolated ischemia -reperfusion rat heart.Methods Isolated rat heart was treated with L angendroff perfusion and monophase action potential technology was applied.Results &Conclusion Total extract of ZGD,single active c omponents and their combination can markedly l ower the incidence of cardiac triggered activity,prevent the myocardiu m from injury and decrease the incidence of arrhythmia induced by ischemia -reperfusion in rats and the effects of their com bination are positively related to the doses.

Objective To evaluate early occult brain damage by diffusion tensor imaging in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.Methods High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MRI images and diffusion tensor imaging were obtained from 16 patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 16 normal controls (NC).Average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and fractional anisotropy (FA) map were calculated and analyzed with voxel-based analysis.Analysis of covariance was performed to compare ADC and FA between T2DM and NC.Results Increased ADC values of gray matter were demonstrated in right superior temporal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,anterior cingulate gyrus,middle cingulate gyrus,inferior occipital gyrus,and left lingual gyrus,operculum orbitale,fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus in T2DM (voxel numbers in clusters were 176-3125,P ＜ 0.01).And increased ADC values of white matter were demonstrated in the regions of right middle temporal lobe,linual lobe,middle frontal lobe,calcarine gyrus,superior parietal lobe,and left operculum orbitale in T2DM patients compared with NC (voxel numbers in clusters were 200-781,P ＜ 0.01).Decreased FA values of gray natter were mainly located in left thalamus,bilateral caudate nuclei and right cuneus in T2DM(voxel numbers in clusters were 210-1402,P ＜0.01).Decreased FA values of white matter were demonstrated in the regions of right cuneus and the body of corpus callosum in T2DM (voxel numbers in clusters were 206,253,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The occult brain damage is demonstrated as increased ADC values and decreased FA values in regional brain parenchyma in type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.Voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor indices may be a simple and effective tool for the evaluation of occult brain damage in type]][diabetes mellitus.

Until now, more than seventeen parvovirus have been reported which can infect mammals and poultries. The infected cells appeared different properties of apoptosis and death, present a typical cytopathic effect. NS1 is a major nonstructural protein of parvovirus, with a conservative structure and function, which plays an important role in the viral life cycle. In addition to the influence on viral replication, the NS1 also participates in apoptosis induced by viruses. Parvovirus induced apoptosis which is mainly mediated by mitochondrial pathway, this review summarized the latest research progresses of parvovirus induced apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; physiopathology ; veterinary ; virology ; Parvovirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the volume changes of cortical and subcortical reward circuitry in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODSHigh-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MRI images were obtained from 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 16 normal controls, and 11 type 2 diabetic patients also received the same MRI scans after insulin therapy for 1 year. Volumetric analysis was performed and analysis of covariance and paired t test were applied.

RESULTSA decreased volume was found in the left insular lobe, left nucleus accumbens area, right hippocampus, putamen and amygdala in type 2 diabetic patients compared with normal controls (P<0.05). After insulin therapy for 1 year, an increased volume of bilateral cortical reward structures was observed (left, 33.65∓3.66 ml; right, 33.35∓4.25 ml) compared the baseline level (left, 31.45∓2.90 ml; right, 31.12∓2.97 ml) in diabetic patients (P<0.05). No significant volume change in the bilateral basal ganglia structures was found after insulin therapy for 1 year (P>0.05), and bilateral ventral diencephalon area showed an increased volume after the treatment (left, 3.26∓0.68 ml; right, 3.20∓0.78 ml) compared with the baseline (left, 2.96∓0.76 ml; right, 2.82∓0.90 ml)(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONType 2 diabetic patients have a decreased volume of the cortical and subcortical reward circuitry, and insulin therapy can reverse such changes and improve the damage of reward circuitry.

Aged ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Entorhinal Cortex ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleus Accumbens ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate early occult brain functional damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSHigh-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MRI and resting-state functional MRI images were obtained from 18 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 18 normal control subjects. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) map, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) map, and functional connectivity map of the bilateral hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus were calculated and voxel-based analysis was performed using two-sample t-test.

RESULTSIn type 2 diabetic patients, decreased ReHo was deteted in the right thalamus, hippocampus, olfactory cortex and left putamen as compared with the normal controls. The decreased ALFF was found mainly in the left middle frontal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus and middle occipital gyrus in the diabetic patients. The patients showed reduced functional connectivity between the bilateral hippocampus but not between the bilateral posterior gyrus and the other brain regions.

CONCLUSIONThe occult brain damage is featured by decreased ReHo and ALFF in multiple brain regions and reduced functional connectivity between the bilateral hippocampus in type 2 diabetic patients.

Brain ; pathology ; Brain Injuries ; Brain Mapping ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; pathology ; Frontal Lobe ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

OBJECTIVETo investigate the structural connectivity between visual cortex and auditory cortex in healthy adults.

METHODSDiffusion tensor imaging was performed to examine the brain of 21 healthy adult subjects. The structural connectivity was calculated based on fractional anisotropy (FA) value of the visual and auditory cortices, and fiber tracking was performed between the visual cortex and auditory cortex.

RESULTSPositive structural connectivity was demonstrated between the bilateral visual cortices, and between the bilateral auditory cortices. Ipsilateral primary auditory cortex presented a negative structural connectivity with the ipsilateral visual cortex, and a positive structural connectivity with the contralateral visual cortex. A positive connectivity was demonstrated between the secondary auditory cortex and visual cortex. Tracking analysis showed fiber connectivity between the bilateral visual cortices, and between the ipsilateral auditory and visual cortices.

CONCLUSIONIntrinsic structural connectivity is present between the visual cortex and auditory cortex in the brain of healthy adults.

Adult ; Auditory Cortex ; anatomy & histology ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Visual Cortex ; anatomy & histology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the age-related changes in resting functional connectivity of the marginal division (MrD) of the neostriatum in healthy adults detected using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

METHODSForty-four healthy volunteers aged between 22 and 44 years (mean 30.36∓6.31 years) and 20 elderly volunteers aged between 48-83 years (mean 61.4∓10.25 years) underwent conventional MRI, 3D structural MRI and rs-fMRI. MrD was defined manually on the structural images for computation of the functional connectivity maps. The single group data were analyzed with independent sample t test, and the data of the two-group were examined by analysis of covariance with gender as the covariance.

RESULTSIn the young volunteers, the brain regions of functional connectivity related with the MrD were located in bilateral middle cingulate gyri, putamen, thalamus and amygdala, as compared with the brain regions of the bilateral putamen, thalamus, amygdala, insular cortex, rolandic operculum and right supramarginal gyrus in the elderly volunteers. Compared with the young volunteers, the elderly volunteers showed decreased functional connectivity related with the MrD in the bilateral middle cingulate gyri, parahippocampal gyri and left hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONAn increased age is associated with alterations in the functional connectivity related with the MrD in healthy adults.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Limbic System ; physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neural Pathways ; Rest ; Young Adult

Objective To elucidate the volume changes of cortical and subcortical reward circuitry in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods High-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MRI images were obtained from 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 16 normal controls, and 11 type 2 diabetic patients also received the same MRI scans after insulin therapy for 1 year. Volumetric analysis was performed and analysis of covariance and paired t test were applied. Results A decreased volume was found in the left insular lobe, left nucleus accumbens area, right hippocampus, putamen and amygdala in type 2 diabetic patients compared with normal controls (P<0.05). After insulin therapy for 1 year, an increased volume of bilateral cortical reward structures was observed (left, 33.65 ± 3.66 ml;right, 33.35 ± 4.25 ml) compared the baseline level (left, 31.45 ± 2.90 ml; right, 31.12 ± 2.97 ml) in diabetic patients (P<0.05). No significant volume change in the bilateral basal ganglia structures was found after insulin therapy for 1 year (P>0.05), and bilateral ventral diencephalon area showed an increased volume after the treatment (left, 3.26±0.68 ml;right, 3.20±0.78 ml) compared with the baseline (left, 2.96 ± 0.76 ml;right, 2.82 ± 0.90 ml) (P<0.05). Conclusion Type 2 diabetic patients have a decreased volume of the cortical and subcortical reward circuitry, and insulin therapy can reverse such changes and improve the damage of reward circuitry.

Objective To elucidate the volume changes of cortical and subcortical reward circuitry in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods High-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MRI images were obtained from 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 16 normal controls, and 11 type 2 diabetic patients also received the same MRI scans after insulin therapy for 1 year. Volumetric analysis was performed and analysis of covariance and paired t test were applied. Results A decreased volume was found in the left insular lobe, left nucleus accumbens area, right hippocampus, putamen and amygdala in type 2 diabetic patients compared with normal controls (P<0.05). After insulin therapy for 1 year, an increased volume of bilateral cortical reward structures was observed (left, 33.65 ± 3.66 ml;right, 33.35 ± 4.25 ml) compared the baseline level (left, 31.45 ± 2.90 ml; right, 31.12 ± 2.97 ml) in diabetic patients (P<0.05). No significant volume change in the bilateral basal ganglia structures was found after insulin therapy for 1 year (P>0.05), and bilateral ventral diencephalon area showed an increased volume after the treatment (left, 3.26±0.68 ml;right, 3.20±0.78 ml) compared with the baseline (left, 2.96 ± 0.76 ml;right, 2.82 ± 0.90 ml) (P<0.05). Conclusion Type 2 diabetic patients have a decreased volume of the cortical and subcortical reward circuitry, and insulin therapy can reverse such changes and improve the damage of reward circuitry.