Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the worldwide.In recent years,the development of imaging techniques has facilitated the detection of HCC at early stages.However,HCC has a high frequency of portal vein invasion,which is reportedly observed in 11％ to 42％ of patients with HCC.Portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT) is a crucial factor that can worsen the prognosis of HCC because it can be wide dissemination of tumor throughout the liver and cause a marked deterioration of hepatic function.It was considered that is not appropriate with surgical treatment in the past,which is treatment conservative or even give up,most of the patients died within a few months.Even if the patients have a chance to surgical resection,and the most of patients combined with TACE,portal vein stent implantation or chemotherapy postoperative,some patients can be more prolonged survival,however,due to the small tumor thrombus and micro metastases have exist before the surgery and can not be checked out.it's difficult to clean up in the surgery,easily lead to HCC recurrence postoperative.However,with the constant awareness the PVTT formation mechanism and scientific technology progress,more and more new treatment techniques is applied to clinical.This view focuses on the portal vein tumor thrombus formation mechanisms and Classic Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and new treatment methods such as:Helical tomotherapy,CIK cell therapy (cytokine-induced killer cell therapy),Chemoembolization and stent combined with iodine-125 seed.

The author believed that pathogenesis of IGT is yin asthenia,deficiency of both vital energy and yin,obstruct of phlegm and blood stasis,which result from innate deficiency,improper diet,over exertion and so on.According to these pathogenesis,therapeutic principle as supplementing qi and nourishing yin,invigorating vital energy and spleen,removing blood stasis and phlegm,and nourishing yin and kidney are established.Besides,acupuncture and massage have been applied as well.According to the literatures,good potentialities have been shown in traditional Chinese medicine intervening on IGT.

Biliary atresia(BA) is a serious digestive system disease caused by the obliteration of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary system of infancy.Without prompt treatment,BA can cause biliary cirrhosis,and ultimately cause liver failure,leading to death.The early diagnosis of BA is crucial to the early treatment.At present,liver biopsy is considered to be the gold standard of diagnosis of BA,but this method has some shortcomings such as invasive,repeated sampling and subjectivity.In contrast,ultrasonography (US),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hepatobiliary scintigraphy(HBS) gradually play important roles in clinical diagnoses of BA and become the hotspot of BA diagnoses.This paper focuses on reviewing the clinical applications of BA imaging diagnoses and the latest research progress.

Objective To analyze the relationship between soluble brain proteoglycan (PG) and brain development. Methods SD rats were divided into three groups: new-born, young adult and near-old groups. Soluble brain PGs of each group were extracted with 4 mol?L -1 guanidine HCl and purified by DEAE-sephacel chromatography, their molecular sizes were identified by Sepharose 4B chromatography, and their GAG compositions were characterized by two dimensional electrophoresis. Results The extraction amounts of soluble brain proteoglycans were decreased with age; soluble brain PGs could be divided into four fractions according to molecule size. The percentage of the large size CSPG aggregate increased with age, but its HA declined. The percentage of the small sized fraction containing DSPG declined with age increase. Conclusion Soluble brain PGs change with age and are related to brain development.

Urine glycosaminoglycans of two patients (full brother and sister )with Sanfilippo's syndrome were analysed by electrophoresis, enzymatic or chemical treatment and ion-exchange chromatography. Heparin sulfate is the main glycosaminoglycan accouting for 70% and 58% of urine glycosaminoglycans in both patients, whereas only 29% and 42% of urine glycosaminoglycans are cnondroitin sulfate. Tbe C/O ratio urine heparin sulfate of the patients is 2.32, indicating that the hexuronic acid component parts of the patient's heparin sulfate are much the same as general heparin sulfate. However, the analysis of glycosaminoglycans with DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography and electrophoresis in 0.1 M HCL showed that urine heparin sulfate of the patients arc heterogeneous, and that it covers, at least, two molecular types with different amount of sulfate and charge density.

Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) plays an important role in the process of mitochondrial fusion, and is involved in regulating mitochondrial function and morphological changes. Studies have found that Mfn2 has a tumor suppressor effect in a variety of malignant tumors and their cell lines, including cervical cancer, hepatocellular cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and bladder cancer. The difference in the expression of Mfn2 in malignant tumor tissues suggests that Mfn2 may play an important role in the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of malignant tumor cells. As a cancer-related gene, Mfn2 provides new ideas for gene therapy of malignant tumors.

In order to understand the status of neonatal transport research at home and abroad,we summarized and analyzed the research progress of neonatal transport through the literature search.Thus we evaluated the current application of a variety of transport critical rating system.Intrauterine transport is considered the safest mode of transport,and promote intrauterine transport of high-risk mothers.It is suggested that the parents participate in the transshipment process and return the stable children to the local hospital for further treatment and promote the family-centered treatment mode.In transit,mobile ECMO,hypothermia and other advanced equipment in foreign countries have been applied.It is recommended to use the respiratory function monitor to monitor the respiration during transit.It can provide the parameters of respiratory wave,identify air leak,accidental release,spontaneous breathing.

Objective To evaluate early occult brain damage by diffusion tensor imaging in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.Methods High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MRI images and diffusion tensor imaging were obtained from 16 patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 16 normal controls (NC).Average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map and fractional anisotropy (FA) map were calculated and analyzed with voxel-based analysis.Analysis of covariance was performed to compare ADC and FA between T2DM and NC.Results Increased ADC values of gray matter were demonstrated in right superior temporal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,anterior cingulate gyrus,middle cingulate gyrus,inferior occipital gyrus,and left lingual gyrus,operculum orbitale,fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus in T2DM (voxel numbers in clusters were 176-3125,P ＜ 0.01).And increased ADC values of white matter were demonstrated in the regions of right middle temporal lobe,linual lobe,middle frontal lobe,calcarine gyrus,superior parietal lobe,and left operculum orbitale in T2DM patients compared with NC (voxel numbers in clusters were 200-781,P ＜ 0.01).Decreased FA values of gray natter were mainly located in left thalamus,bilateral caudate nuclei and right cuneus in T2DM(voxel numbers in clusters were 210-1402,P ＜0.01).Decreased FA values of white matter were demonstrated in the regions of right cuneus and the body of corpus callosum in T2DM (voxel numbers in clusters were 206,253,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The occult brain damage is demonstrated as increased ADC values and decreased FA values in regional brain parenchyma in type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.Voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor indices may be a simple and effective tool for the evaluation of occult brain damage in type]][diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of renal involvement in Beh(c)et's disease (BD).Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in BD patients complicated with renal damage who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 1998 to July 2012.Results Twenty patients with renal involvement constituted 3.2％ of all the 618 hospitalized BD patients.The presentation of renal disease was chronic glomerulonephritis in 6 patients (1 with nephrotic syndrome),renal tubular acidosis in 1 patient,renal artery stenosis in 7 patients,renal vein thrombosis in 1 patient,and chronic renal failure of unknown etiology in 5 patients.Kidney biopsy was performed in 5 patients,3 of them revealed glomerular minor lesion,mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and chronic tubularinterstitial nephropathy,respectively.The other 2 patients underwent a second biopsy,one with glomerular minor lesion transforming into IgA nephropathy of grade Ⅲ on Lee's glomerular grading system after 6 years,and the other with IgA nephropathy of grade Ⅱ progressing to grade Ⅳ after 2 years.After the diagnosis of renal BD,one patient with uremia underwent peritoneal dialysis,while the remaining 19 patients received immunosuppressant (or with combination of glucocorticoid,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers.etc.) therapy.Among the 8 patients with renal vascular involvement,2 underwent surgery,and several received anticoagulant therapy.During the follow-up of 13 patients,the urine protein quantifications were reduced,and renal functions remained relatively stable.Conclusion Renal damage is relatively uncommon in BD patients.There are various clinical spectrums for renal BD.Routine screening with urinalysis,serum creatinine and imaging studies should be carried out for the early diagnosis of renal BD.

Objective To analyze of internal strength in patients with chronic disease,make clear the concept development,property,prerequisites,outcome and evaluation index of internal force.Methods To retrieve the relevant research literature in the knowledge service platform of Pubmed,PsycINFO and Chinese CNKI,Wanfang data,using the Rodgers analysis method to analyze the evolution of the concept of internal force.Results The molding process of internal strength of patients with chronic diseases included 4 defining characteristics:self concept,support,development and transcendence.Conclusions Rodgers evolution concept analysis method can help medical workers make clear concept essence of internal strength,deepening their cognition and understanding,so as to provide the basis for the implementation of the related research and clinical interventions.