Objective To investigate the nurse self-directed learning readiness in some 3A hospital in Shandong province and discuss the strategies how to improve it. Methods Self-designed questionnaire and The Nurses Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale were used to investigate 210 nurses from 23 departments in Shandong provincial hospital. Results Before and after the implementation of the video training, a total of 230 and 210 self-directed learning readiness scales were distributed, 210 and 210 questionnaires were returned, the effective recovery rate was 91.30%and 100%respectively. The data of questionnaires were statistically analyzed by the method of paired t test. The results showed that after the implementation of the project, the total score of the after test (156.63±19.48) was higher than the before (137.91 ± 13.71). The difference was statistically significant (t=-9.54, P<0.05). The score in the three dimensions of self-management, self-control, and desire for study (48.03 ± 7.25), (48.71 ± 6.44), (59.89 ± 7.61) points, were higher than (40.11±5.48), (43.40±5.34), (54.40±6.26) pointsbefore implementation. The difference was statistically significant (t=-10.22,-7.67,-6.83,P<0.05). Conclusions The video training would provide the convenient and quick way and could inspire the nurses′ learning motivation even more which is of great significance to improve the nurses ability of autonomic learning.

Objective To study the effects of postnatal overfeeding and high-fat diet on blood pressure of rats,and to explore the pathophysiological mechanism underlying hypertension induced by continuous early postnatal overfeeding.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal feeding group (10/litter) and overfeeding group (3/litter) on postnatal day 3 with a random number table.After weaning at postnatal week 3,the rats were randomly given standard chow or high-fat (HF) diet until week 16.Hence four groups were analyzed,namely normal feeding group,breastfed overfeeding group,post-weaning overfeeding group,and continuous overfeeding group.Body weight was continuously monitored in each week.Visceral fat pad (retroperitoneal and perigenital),systolic pressure,and heart rate were observed at week 3 and week 16.Thoracic aorta was sampled for measurement of vascular endothelial dilation function.Histological morphology was observed with HE staining,nitric oxide content of thoracic aorta was detected with nitrate reductase method.The mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in thoracic aorta was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.The protein expressions of eNOS and phosphorylated eNOS were determined by Western blot.Results At week 3,breastfed overfeeding rats displayed significantly larger body weight [(77.80 ± 0.57) g vs.(62.80 ±0.85) g,t =14.576,P ＜ 0.01] and visceral fat [retroperitoneal:(8.19 ± 0.49) mg/g vs.(4.92 ± 0.31) mg/g,t =5.629,P＜0.01;perigenital:(3.50 ±0.29) mg/g vs.(2.08 ±0.13) mg/g,t =4.552,P ＜0.01] compared with normal feedindg rats,and the protein expression of phosphorylated eNOS in aortic tissues was significantly reduced to week 16 (F =15.215,P ＜0.01);high-fat diet feeding after weaning further increased the body weight and fat mass in breastfed overfeeding rats.At week 16,continuous overfeeding rats showed hypertension [(149 ± 1.94) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),F =22.834,P ＜0.01],impaired vascular endothelial dilation function (F =7.648,P ＜ 0.05),and reduced protein expression of phosphorylated eNOS (F =15.215,P ＜ 0.01),while the post-weaning overfeeding group only had elevated blood pressure.Conclusions Overfeeding in breastfeeding period and high-fat diet after weaning leads to hypertension.The continuous decrease in phosphorylated eNOS in vascular tissues may be an important molecular process participating in the occurrence of vascular endothelial dysfunction in adults induced by postnatal overfeeding.

Objective To evaluate the effects of repetitive noxious stimuli during the neonatal period on the pain sensitivity during adulthood in rats.Methods Twenty pathogen-free male neonatal SpragueDawley rats,weighing 6.2-6.8 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and repetitive noxious stimuli group (group RNS).In RNS group,neonatal rats sequentially received needle pricks into the dorsal surface of 4 paws at 6 h intervals with a 28 G needle per day during the first postnatal week.In group C,the animals received non-painful tactile stimuli with cotton tip rub.At the age of 10 weeks,complete Freund' s adjuvant was injected into the plantar surface of the right hind paw to induce inflammatory pain.Before injection,and at 24 h and 7 days after injection (T0-2),the mechanical and thermal thresholds were measured,and alcohol preference test was performed for assessment of the behavior at T2.Results The mechanical threshold of the right paws was significantly lower at T1.2 than that of the left paws in the two groups.Compared to group C,the mechanical threshold of the left and right paws at T0-2 and thermal threshold of the right paws at T1 were significantly decreased,and alcohol intake was increased in group RNS.Conclusion Repetitive noxious stimuli during the neonatal period can lead to increase in the pain sensitivity during adulthood in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To adopt gel method for the determination of bacterial endotoxin in Fat emulsion(10%)/amino acid (15)/glucose (20%) injection. METHODS:According to the gel method in term ofbacterial endotoxin test methodin Chinese Pharmacopeia(2015 edition),the maximal valid dilution(MVD)of samples were determined through interference test and the vali-dated. The results were compared with chromogenic method. RESULTS:In gel method,the interference to agglutination reaction of TAL and bacterial endotoxin can be excluded when samples were diluted 24 times or less. In chromogenic method,the samples should be diluted 76 times or less. CONCLUSIONS:Gel method can be used for bacterial endotoxin test of Fat emulsion(10%)/amino acid(15)/glucose(20%)injection.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated treatments with low-dose rituximab for relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).Methods A perspective study.21 patients who were diagnosed with NMOSD one year ago were recruited for rituximab treatment.Of 21 patients,one was male,20 were females.Onset age was 10-51 years,the mean onset age was (26.2± 12.0) years.Duration of disease was 2.3-25.8 years,the mean duration was (9.2 ± 5.9) years.Best corrected vision activity (BCVA),expanded disability status scale (EDSS),annualized relapsing rate (ARR) were valued to investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated treatments with low-dose rituximab.The BCVA was examined using Snellen chart,and converted to logMAR.The mean BCVA was 1.13 ± 1.09,the mean BCVA in better eyes was 0.4±0.68,the mean BCVA in latter eyes was 1.87±0.90.The mean EDSS was 3.09±0.70.The mean ARR was 1.04± 0.65.All patients underwent two cycles of RTX treatment.The annually induction treatment was RTX 100 mg per week for 4 weeks.Of 21 patients,12 patients had treatment within one month after attack.The mean follow-up period was (28.4±4.9) months.The side effects were recorded,BCVA,EDSS,ARR were valued to investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated treatments with low-dose rituximab.Paired t test,independent sample t test and Chi-squared test were used.Results The mean BCVA at last follow-up was 0.62 ± 0.91,the mean BCVA in better eye was 0.62±0.91,the BCVA in latter eye was 1.0± 1.01.The mean EDSS was 2.26± 1.07.The mean ARR was 0.21 ± 0.3.After the treatment,patient had significant improvement on BCVA in worst eye (t=4.256),ARR (t=2.900),EDSS (t=4.620) with the significant differences (P＜0.05).Thirteen relapses in 9 patients were observed.B lymph cells were more than 0.01％ in all relapses.There was no significant difference on the BCVA in better eye (t=1.840,P＞0.05).There were 9 patients had relapse,13 times in total.Of 13 relapses,B lymph cell count was performed in 12 relapses,and the counts were 0.01％-0.14％.There were no significant difference between relapsed patients and non-relapsed patients on onset age (t=0.67,P=0.51),whether underwent plasma exchange treatment (x2=1.61,P＞ 0.05),with/without auto-immune antibody ratio (x2=1.61,P＞ 0.05).Of 21 patients,8 patients had side effects,including 5 patients with infection,4 patients with chest congestion,3 patients with hair losing,2 patients with skin rashes,headache and short of breath,1 patient with tinnitus,palpitation and fatigue.Four patients had more than one symptom.Of all patients who had side effects,slowing down the infusion speed of RTX or infusing 5 mg of dexamethasone could relieve the discomfort.Conclusion Lose-dose rituximab reduces the frequency of NMOSD relapses and is well tolerated.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of subcutaneous pedicle skin flap for repairing skin and soft tissue defect in the philtrum area. Methods: From November 2015 to July 2016, 6 patients with pigmented nevus and basal cell carcinoma were treated with regional subcutaneous pedicled flaps. The functional and aesthetical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Follow-up was performed at 6-12 months postoperatively. All 6 flaps survived. The wounds healing was good, and the postoperative appearance was satisfactory. Conclusions The kite subcutaneous pedicled flap is an ideal method for repairing the skin and soft tissue defects in philtrum area, and it can produce satisfactory clinical results.

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics ofretinoblastoma (RB) in Southwest China.Methods A retrospective clinical study.From January 2010 to December 2017,66 RB patients diagnosed in Ophthalmology Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included in the study.All the patients underwent ocular B-ultrasound,orbital CT or MRI examination.Ten patients underwent RetCam examination at the same time.Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed by histopathological examination,and 37 patients were diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging examination.According to whether the tumor invaded the orbit and optic nerve,it could be divided into extraocular stage and intraocular stage.Intraocular tumors were divided into A-E stages according to the international intraocular RB classification.Treatments were performed according to different stages.The general information,age at diagnosis,course of diseases (the time between onset symptoms and diagnosis),causes of visiting a doctor,classification,treatment methods and eyeball preservation rate were retrospectively analyzed.Results Patients all came from Southwest China (56 patients from Sichuan Province,2 patients from Yunnan Province,2 patients from Guizhou Province,and 6 patients from Tibet).The permanent residence were identified in 43 patients,including 27 patients (62.8％) from rural areas.There were 38 males (57.6％);50 unilateral tumors (75.8％) and 16 bilateral tumors (24.2％);51 firstvisiting patients (77.3％) and 15 re-visiting patients (22.7％).The average diagnostic age of first-visiting patients was 20.9 ± 14.4 months,with 23.2 ± 14.7 and 11.2 ± 7.6 months for unilateral and bilateral tumors,respectively.There were 41 patients had definite course and causes,of whom the average course was 90.6± 115.2 days.The most common cause was leucocoria in 32 patients (62.7％),followed by redness and swelling in 4 patients (9.8％),and other causes in 5 patients (12.2％).Among the 15 re-visiting patients,the average diagnostic age was 63.6± 46.8 months,the average course was 32.8 ± 45.5 months.Recurrence was occurred in 5 patients (33.3％),leucocoria in 4 patients (26.7％),postoperative complication in 3 patients (20.0％),protrusion in 2 patients (13.3％) and redness in 1 (6.7％) patient,respectively.Fifty out of 82 eyes were admitted to hospital,including 37 eyes of first-visiting patients and 13 eyes of re-visiting patients.Among 37 first-visiting eyes,there were 5 eyes (13.5％) in stage A-C,26 eyes (70.3％) in stage D-E,6 eyes (16.2％) in extraocular stage.Five eyes in stage A-C were treated with laser photocoagulation and (or) cryotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy.Four eyes in stage D were treated with intraocular arterial chemotherapy.Nineteen eyes (51.3％) were performed with enucleation,2 eyes (5.4％) with evisceration and 7 eyes (18.9％) abandoned treatment.Among 13 re-visiting eyes,6 eyes (46.2％,with 5 eyes of recurrence) had been enucleated before,4 eyes (30.8％) were in extraocular stage and 3 eyes (23.1％) in stage D-E.Five eyes (38.5％) were treated with evisceration,4 eyes (30.8％) with enucleation,1 eye with oculoplastic surgery and 3 eyes (23.1％) abandoned treatment.The rate of eye preservation was 18.0％,29.0％ for intraocular stage and 0％ for extraocular stage,respectively.Conclusion RB patients in Southwest China have a longer course between onset symptoms and diagnosis,more advanced classification and lower rate of eye preservation.

Despite recent studies, relatively few are known about the diversity of fungal communities in the deep Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we investigated the diversity of fungal communities in 15 different deep-sea sediments from the South Atlantic Ocean with a culturedependent approach followed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. A total of 29fungal strains were isolated from the 15 deep-sea sediments. These strains belong to four fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. Penicillium, accounting for 44.8% of the total fungal isolates, was a dominant genus. The antiaflatoxigenic activity of these deep-sea fungal isolates was studied. Surprisingly, most of the strains showed moderate to strong antiaflatoxigenic activity. Four isolates, belonging to species of Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Cladosporium cladosporioides, could completely inhibit not only the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus mutant strain NFRI-95, but also the aflatoxin production. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the antiaflatoxigenic activity of culturable deep-sea fungi. Our results provide new insights into the community composition of fungi in the deep South Atlantic Ocean. The high proportion of strains that displayed antiaflatoxigenic activity demonstrates that deep-sea fungi from the Atlantic Ocean are valuable resources for mining bioactive compounds.

Despite recent studies, relatively few are known about the diversity of fungal communities in the deep Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we investigated the diversity of fungal communities in 15 different deep-sea sediments from the South Atlantic Ocean with a culturedependent approach followed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. A total of 29fungal strains were isolated from the 15 deep-sea sediments. These strains belong to four fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. Penicillium, accounting for 44.8% of the total fungal isolates, was a dominant genus. The antiaflatoxigenic activity of these deep-sea fungal isolates was studied. Surprisingly, most of the strains showed moderate to strong antiaflatoxigenic activity. Four isolates, belonging to species of Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Cladosporium cladosporioides, could completely inhibit not only the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus mutant strain NFRI-95, but also the aflatoxin production. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the antiaflatoxigenic activity of culturable deep-sea fungi. Our results provide new insights into the community composition of fungi in the deep South Atlantic Ocean. The high proportion of strains that displayed antiaflatoxigenic activity demonstrates that deep-sea fungi from the Atlantic Ocean are valuable resources for mining bioactive compounds.

Objective To contrastively study the effects of NERC-300 high frequency welding device and ultrasonic scalpel in rat partial hepatectomy.Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into the experimental group and control group(n=24).The experimental group applied NERC-300 high frequency welding instrument for conducting partial hepatectomy,while the control group used ultrasonic scalpel.The survival rate,operation time,bleeding volume,working temperature,extent of hepatic thermal damage and change of liver function on 1,3,7 d were compared between the two groups.Results The liver function recovery on 3 d in the experimental group was superior to the control group (P＜0.05).The intra-operative working temperature in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The thermal damage range in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The survival rate,operation time,bleeding volume and liver function change on 1,7 d had no statistical differences between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion NERC-300 high frequency welding device is safe and effective for partial hepatectomy in rat.