Objective To discuss the accuracy and objectivity of student standardized patients (SSP) in objective structured clinical examination(OSCE). Methods On March 30 and 31, 2013, 168 seven-year program medical students of class 2006 and 2007 took part in OSCE. Differences in as-sessment results between SPP and those given by professional doctors at 3 SP sites(angina pectoris SSP station, acute cholecystitis SSP station, depression SSP station) were analyzed. Each site had 4 items for assessment, with a total score of 100. Scores were given in strict accordance with a set of unified scoring rules. Counting data were presented as x±s. Data were verified using t test. P<0.05 was considered statis-tically considerable. Results At angina pectoris station, respective scores of SSP and professional physi-cians were 85.2±7.1 and 85.5±6.6, P=0.688. At acute cholecystitis station, respective score of SSP and professional physicians were 89.1±5.2 and 88.2±6.2, P=0.150. At depression station, respec-tive score of SSP and professional physicians were 79.8±7.5 and 78.2±7.0, P=0.078. Conclusion There is no statistical difference between scores given by SSP and those given by the physicians in OSCE. This proves that SSP who received standardized training delivers fair and accurate results in OSCE , and therefore is recommended for future application.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of food advertising on childhood obesity by reviewing relevant literatures, and to provide evidence support for childhood obesity prevention and control strategies in China. Methods: A systematic review method was used to search relevant literatures published to November 30，2020 from 8 databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Medline, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Science Direct. The high quality systematic reviews published since 2016 were included directly, and those published before 2016 were rereviewed after combined with other literatures. Results: A total of 13 articles were included for evaluation, including systematic reviews, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials and cross sectional studies. Children s exposure to food advertisements could increase energy intake. Television food advertising could influence children s food choices and increase the consumption of unhealthy foods such as sweets and sugary drinks. Children s exposure to unhealthy food advertisements could increase the risk of obesity. Conclusion Regulating the food advertisement can help reduce the risk of childhood obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) tax on childhood obesity by literatures reveiew, and to provide evidence support for childhood obesity prevention and control strategies in China. Methods: A systematic review method was used to search relevant literatures published to November 30，2020 from 8 databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Medline, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The high quality system reviews published since 2016 were included directly, and those published before 2016 were rereviewed before combined with other literatures. Results: Twelve studies including 5 systematic reviews (or Meta analysis), 1 cohort study and 6 cross sectional studies were included. Comprehensive analysis showed that the prevention effect on childhood obesity was small or even ineffective if the tax on SSBs lower than 5%, a certain protective effect on childhood obesity could be shown if the tax on SSBs increased to 20%. From the perspective of cost benefit analysis, the implementation of SSBs tax showed certain net benefits. Conclusion SSBs tax can help reduce the risk of childhood obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of community built environment and the distribution of fast food restaurants on childhood obesity, and to provide evidence support for childhood obesity prevention and control strategies in China. Methods: A systematic review method was used to search relevant literatures published to November 30，2020 from 8 databases including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Science Direct. The high quality system reviews published since 2016 were included directly, and those published before 2016 were reviewed before combined with other literatures. Results: A total of 20 articles were included for evaluation, including systematic reviews, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials and cross sectional studies. High walkability near the living area could increase children s physical activity levels and reduce the risk of obesity. The fast food sales environment increased the risk of obesity; while large supermarkets or health food sales environment could reduce the risk of obesity. Conclusion Improving walking suitability in residential areas and reducing the density of unhealthy fast food sales could help decrease the risk of childhood obesity.

Menkes disease is a rare and fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with copper deficiency due to inactivation of the ATP7A copper transporter protein，which typically presents with severe neurodegeneration and connective tissue abnormalities and has an extremely poor prognosis.Menkes disease is not easily recognized early in the neonatal period due to its lack of neonatal specificity，and copper replacement therapy is less effective in children with frequent convulsions and neurodevelopmental regressions.Therefore，early diagnosis and timely implementation of copper replacement therapy are important for improving the prognosis of children with Menkes disease.This article reviews the progress of research on the etiology，pathophysiological mechanism，histologic features，main clinical manifestations，auxiliary examinations，treatment，prognosis and genetic counseling of Menkes disease，with the aim of improving clinicians' understanding of this disease.

This article briefly introduces the roles and characteristics of nurse practitioners abroad and reviews their role and influence in primary health care and puts forward some thoughts on the training of nurse practitioners in China, in order to provide a reference for the training of nurse practitioners in China.

Objective:To investigate the status and influencing factors of different types of cognitive frailty in aged inpatients with hypertension.Methods:Totally 300 aged patients with hypertension admitted to the Cardiology, Geriatrics, and Endocrinology Departments of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April to October 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FP), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the 9-item Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire-9 (SCD-Q9), the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) .Results:A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and returned, yielding a 100.00% response rate. Among the 300 aged hypertensive patients, 74 were diagnosed with reversible cognitive frailty (RCF) and 98 with potentially reversible cognitive frailty (PRCF). Logistic vegression analysis showed that, factors influencing RCF included daily exercise habits and the use of thiazide diuretics ( P<0.05) ; factors influencing PRCF included age, pre-retirement occupation, daily exercise habits, sleep quality, Barthel Index score, and serum albumin levels ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The status of both RCF and PRCF is relatively high among aged inpatients with hypertension. The influencing factors for different types of cognitive frailty vary. Targeted interventions based on both common and specific influencing factors should be developed to reverse or slow the progression of cognitive frailty in aged hypertensive patients.

Objective:To investigate the mediating effect of social interaction on the relationship between internet use and the health status of the elderly.The findings of this research can potentially contribute new insights into improving the health status of the elderly population.Methods:Based on the data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2021, a total of 2 675 elderly individuals aged 60 and above were included in the study.The researchers analyzed the linear regression relationship between Internet use, social interaction, and the health status of the elderly using a hierarchical regression model.Additionally, a mediation effect test was conducted using the Bootstrap test.Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis of the mediation effect was performed considering factors such as gender, place of residence, working conditions, and physical exercise among the elderly participants.Results:The total effect value was 0.170.The direct effect of Internet use on the health status of older adults was 0.160(95% CI: 0.078-0.240), accounting for 93.66% of the effect value.The indirect effect of social interaction was 0.011(95% CI: 0.003-0.021), accounting for 6.34% of the effect value.The mediating effect of social interaction on the health status of older adults varied among different groups.Among female elderly, rural elderly, elderly who are currently unemployed, and those who are physically active, the mediating effects were 5.16%, 7.86%, 10.18%, and 9.91%, respectively. Conclusions:The impact of internet use and social interaction on the health status of the elderly is notably positive.Additionally, social interaction partially mediates the relationship between internet use and the health status of the elderly.

Objective:Taking the main international collaborative innovation network management modes for clinical research as a reference, to promote the construction of a collaborative innovation network for clinical research in China.Methods:Using literature research, case study, comparative analysis, and interview methods, this study systematically studied the collaborative innovation network management modes of clinical research in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, and China from the perspective of integrating and sharing clinical research resources.Results:Based on the comparative results and drawing on foreign experience, suggestions were proposed to optimize the management mode of the clinical research collaborative innovation network in China and promote the construction of clinical research collaborative innovation network.Conclusions:It is recommended to establish national medical research institutions, increase investment in clinical research funds, build a platform for integrating volunteer resources based on clinical research collaborative innovation networks, and establish a clinical sample resource service platform to further supplement and improve the structure and layout of China’s clinical research collaborative innovation network.