OBJECTIVE To predict biomarkers of type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP)by employing peripheral blood indicators.METHODS CRSwNP patients admitted to the Rhinology Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2020 to May 2022 were enrolled and their basic clinical data were collected.The blood percentage of eosinophils(Eos%),Eos count,periostin and total IgE,as well as mucosal interleukin-5(IL-5)and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-immunoglobulin E(SE-IgE)were tested.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of each blood indicator for positive mucosal expression of IL-5/SE-IgE.The logistic regression was employed to screen multiple blood indicators with predictive value for positive mucosal expression of IL-5/SE-IgE in order to construct a nomogram model.RESULTS The proportion of asthma,blood Eos%,periostin and total IgE in CRSwNP patients showed statistical differences between IL-5/SE-IgE positive and negative subgroups.ROC univariate analysis demonstrated that blood Eos%,Eos count,periostin and total IgE could predict mucosal IL-5 positivity with AUC ranging from 0.655 to 0.784,and mucosal SE-IgE positivity with AUC ranging from 0.721-0.802.The logistic regression confirmed that blood Eos%and total IgE,as well as blood periostin and total IgE were independent predictors for mucosal IL-5 and SE-IgE positivity,respectively.The nomogram models were constructed for predicting IL-5/SE-IgE positivity in CRSwNP mucosa,with consistency incides(C-index)of 0.804 and 0.81,indicating good predictive accuracy.CONCLUSION The nomograms constructed based on blood Eos%and total IgE,as well as blood periostin and total IgE,could have good predictive value for the positive mucosal expression of IL-5 and SE-IgE in the CRSwNP,which help to predict the severity of endotype and phenotype of CRSwNP.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristic manifestation of Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD)involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.METHODS The clinical data of 16 patients with RDD involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses who received treatment in Department of Rhinology of Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2016 to December 2023,were retrospective analyzed.RESULTS The male to female ratio was 1:3,with an average age of 47.4 years and an average disease duration of 22.34 months.There were 14,3,5,6 and 1 patients who complained of nasal congestion,dry nose,decreased sense of smell,head and face pain,and bulging/diplopia,respectively.There were 9 patients who had external nasal swelling.There were 14 RDD patients who were involved at least the nasal septum,12 patients who were simply affected in the nasal cavity,and 3 cases who involved the paranasal sinuses.There was 1 case belonged to a mixed type of RDD.There were 8 of 10 cases who were misdiagnosed or missed due to intraoperative rapid freezing.Endoscopic examination showed bilateral bulging in 9 patients'nasal septum,and nodular or granular new growth on 7 patients'nasal floor and inferior turbinate surface.Sinus CT found 9 patients'the nasal septum area showed a circular uniform soft tissue shadow or symmetrical soft tissue thickening shadow,5 patients'nasal floor and inferior turbinate showed obvious soft tissue thickening shadow.CONCLUSION RDD involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses has certain typical features in external nasal manifestations,endoscopic and imaging examinations.Comprehensive judgment can help improve the feasibility of clinical diagnosis of RDD.