Objective To understand the status and the influencing factors of urban and rural elderly housebound in western region of China. Methods Two urban communities and two towns were selected from Chengdu and Lanzhou. A total of 2 584 elderly meeting the conditions were selected for investigation (including demographic data, living habits, physical condition, environmental, psychological, social status, housebound state rating scale, etc.) by method of going to home one by one. Results The incidence of community elderly housebound was 18.85% (487/2 584) in the western region. Multivariate regression analysis showed that other occupation (farmers, self-employed, free occupation, no industry etc.), no drinking, no exercise, no communication with neighbors, poor daily activities were the main factors affecting the occurrence of housebound. Conclusions The western region of community elderly housebound is higher, we should take appropriate measures to prevent the occurrence and deterioration of housebound.

Objective To investigate the distribution of measured value and the expected value of spirometry parameters in healthy children aged 5-14 years old in Beijing,and to provide evidence for clinical interpretation precisely.Methods Four hundred healthy children (198 boys and 202 girls) aged 5 to 14 years from the kindergartens and the primary schools in Beijing were selected as subjects.All of the parameters were measured by using Jaeger Masterscreen spirometry machine(Germany).Pulmonary function parameters including forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiatory volume in 1 second (FEV1),FEV1/FVC,peak expiratory flow(PEF),forced expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity(FEF50),forced expiratory flow at 75% of vital capacity(FEF75),and the maximal midexpiratory flow(MMEF) were collected for analysis.The expected values of the 7 parameters above were calculated according to Zapletal prediction equations(4-18 years old).The measured value vs.the expected value was calculated.Results Children aged 5 to 12 years had similar height and weight between boys and girls,and the differences were not significant(all P>0.05);while boys were taller and heavier than girls in 13-<14 years old group and 14 years old group,and the diffe-rences were significant(t=3.35,2.05,5.99,2.67;all P<0.05).The mean measured value vs.the expected value of PEF,FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC of children in different gender and age groups ranged between 105.0%-114.7%,95.4%-106.8%,104.6%-115.4% and 105.8%-112.6%,respectively.The mean measured value vs.the expected value of small airway function parameters FEF50,FEF75,MMEF was as follows respectively:79.7%-103.7%,70.2%-110.5%,and 81.6%-114.7%.The low limit of normal(LLN) measured value vs.the expected value of the 7 pulmonary function parameters was as follows:PEF 85.0%,FVC 84.7%,FEV1 92.4%,FEV1/FVC 98.4%,FEF50 67.7%,FEF75 60.1%,and MMEF 71.0%.Conclusions The pulmonary function parameters of the healthy children in Beijing are higher than those of the Zapletal prediction.The measured value vs.the expected value of FEV1 92.4%,FEV1/FVC 98.4%,PEF 85.0%,FVC 84.7%,FEF50 67.7%,FEF75 60.1%,and MMEF 71.0% can be used as LLN in 5-14 years old children.

Objective: To investigate the association between self-rated health status and mortality risk, and to evaluate the predictive value of self-rated health status for mortality risk among the elderly. Methods: Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, data of sociodemographic information, self-rated health status and mortality of the elderly aged 60 years and older were collected from 2011 to 2018. The association between self-rated health status and mortality risk among the elderly was analyzed using a multivariable Cox proportional risk regression model. Results: Totally 4 850 individuals were included, with an median age of 65 (interquartile range, 8) years. There were 2 485 males (51.24%) and 2 365 females (48.76%). There were 877 individuals (18.08%) rated their health as good, 2 078 individuals (42.85%) as general, 1 895 individuals (39.07%) as poor. A total of 28 955 person-years were followed up, with an average follow-up of 5.97 years per person. There were 855 deaths by the end of follow-up in 2018, and the median survival time was 7 (interquartile range, 3) years. Multivariable Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that there were interactive effects of age, sex and self-rated health status on mortality, respectively (both P<0.05). The results of gender-stratified analysis showed that there was no significant association between self-rated health status and mortality risk in old women (P>0.05). The mortality risk was higher in old men with poor self-rated health than with good self-rated health (<70 years, HR=5.382, 95%CI: 3.263-8.876; 70 to 79 years, HR=3.536, 95%CI: 1.070-11.686; ≥80 years, HR=3.043, 95%CI: 1.827-5.066). Conclusion There is an association between self-rated health status and mortality risk among the elderly, the old men with poor self-rated health had a higher mortality risk.

Objective To evaluate the effects of biological rhythm disturbance on sedation induced by propofol in rats.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:circadian rhythm + administration during night-time group (group CN),circadian rhythm + administration during day-time group (group CD),biological rhythm+administration during night-time group (group BN),and biological rhythm+administration during day-time group (group BD).In CN and CD groups,the rats were fed for 2 weeks in the experimental boxes in a 12 (7:00-19:00):12 h (19:00-7:00) light:dark cycle.While the rats were fed for 2 weeks in the experimental boxes in a 24 h light cycle.Propofol 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 14:00 in CN and BN groups,or at 22:00 in CD and BD groups.The duration of loss of righting reflex was recorded.At 20 min after recovery of righting reflex,the cognitive function was assessed.The latency of passive avoidance was measured at 6,12,24 and 48 h after training.Results Compared with group CN,the duration of loss of righting reflex was significantly shortened,and the latency of passive avoidance was prolonged at 12 and 24 h after training in group CD,and the duration of loss of righting reflex and latency of passive avoidance at 12 and 24 h after training were shortened in group BN.Compared with group CD,no significant change was found in the duration of loss of righting reflex,and the latency of passive avoidance was significantly shortened at 24 h after training in group BD.There was no significant change between BN group and BD group in the duration of loss of righting reflex and latency of passive avoidance.Conclusion Biological rhythm disturbance can counteract circadian rhythmproduced effects on sedation induced by propofol in rats.

Objective To explore the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway in cerebral injury resulting from DHCA ( deep hypothermia circulatory arrest ) as well as the effect of SACP ( selective antegrade cerebral perfusion). Methods Twelve pigs were randomly assigned to DHCA group (n = 6) or SACP group (n = 6) at 18 ℃ for 80 min. IL-6 was assayed by ELISA. Apoptosis and NF-κB proteins were detected by fluorescence TUNEL and Western blot, respectively. The level of TLR4 was determined through qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results Serum IL-6 level of SACP group was significantly lower at the end of circulation arrest and experiment and apoptotic index and NF-κB protein were apparently lower in SACP group (P < 0.05). The level of TLR4 protein and mRNA from SACP group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusions TLR4/NF-κB pathway plays a critical role in pathogenesis of DHCA cerebral injury and attenuating TLR4/NF-κB cytokines probably contributes to neuroprotection of SACP. TLR4/NF-κB pathway may be a novel target for DHCA.

To observe the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on insulin resistance and cell differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to explore the mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the condition and the related influence factors of small airway function in controlled bronchial asthmatic children.Methods Children diagnosed with bronchial asthma controlled,aged 5-14 years old without gender limitation were consecutively enrolled.Survey questionnaire including asthma symptoms in the past one month and medication usage were conducted.Physical condition and lung function were examined.Results A total of 255 patients were included in this study,and 224 patients had normal small airway function in which the level of forced expiratory flow at 50％ of forced vital capacity(FVC) exhaled (FEF50),forced expiratory flow at 75％ of FVC exhaled(FEF75),maximal mid-expiratory flow(MMEF) was 87.9％ (77.0％,97.2％),73.8％ (65.6％,93.5％),and 84.9％ (76.4％,97.5％) of the predicted value,respectively.Thirty-one patients had small airway dysfunction,accounting for 12.2％ (31/255 cases),and the level of FEF50,FEF75,MMEF were 62.8％ (59.9％,65.5％),51.9％ (46.6％,55.5％),and 62.7％ (57.2％,64.4％) of the predicted value,in which FEF75 had shown more decrease than others.In small airway dysfunction group,10 patients had conducted bronchodilation testing,and improvement rate of FEF50,FEF75 and MMEF were 41.1％,47.5％ and 41.3％,and all 10 cases (100.0％) returned to normal level.No significant difference was found in gender,body mass index,atopy,disease duration,drug usage between 2 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In 5-14 controlled asthmatic children,12.2％ have small airway dysfunction with a certain degree of reversibility.Gender,body mass index,atopy,disease duration,drug usage are not influencing factors.

This study was aimed to determine the solubility an d oil-water partition coefficient of main active com-ponents in Ge-Gen Qin-Lian (GGQL) Tablets (puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride) in phosphate buffer solution of different pH values and under the background of many components. Solubility of puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride in different medium pH, and oil-water partition coefficient of the octanol-water and oc-tanol-buffer system were determined by HPLC method. The results showed that the solubility and oil-water partition coefficient of puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride were varied with the change of pH, and varied under the background of components. At pH 7.4, the solubility was the biggest;puerarin was 7.56 mg·mL-1;baicalin was 17.07 mg·mL-1; berberine hydrochloride was 3.57 mg·mL-1. Oil-water partition coefficient P of these components at pH 1.0 was bigger;puerarin was 0.420 (lgP=-0.38);baicalin was 10.783 (lgP=1.03);berberine hydrochloride was 0.267 (lgP=-0.57). It was concluded that lipid solubility of puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride at pH 1.0 was better. It was speculated that better absorption in the stomach, and low lipid solubility under other pH. It was speculated that lipid solubility may be one of the reasons affecting the intestinal absorption.

Objective:To study the protective effects and mechanisms of melatonin (MTn) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hypoxic-ischemic(HI) induced white matter damage (WMD) in neonatal rats.Methods:Seventy-two 3-day-old newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into sham operation group (the sham group), model group (the HI group) and MTn intervention group (the HI+MTn group) ( n=24 for each group). For the sham group, only dissection of the right common carotid artery was performed without ligation. Animal models of WMD were established using LPS pretreatment and HI method in both the HI group and HI+MTn group. The HI+MTn group received MTn intraperitoneal injection (15 mg/kg, 1 h before LPS injection and then once daily). The HI group and the sham group received equal volume of normal saline containing 1% ethanol intraperitoneal injection. The rats were sacrificed on d7 of experiment and periventricular white matter (PVWM) was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and TUNEL staining to determine WMD and apoptosis. The distribution and morphology of microglial cells in the PVWM were studied using IBA1 immunofluorescence staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit was used to detect ROS. The expression of nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and mitochondrial autophagy markers (pink1 and parkin) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Results:Compared with the sham group, the HI group showed WMD, cell degeneration and necrosis,increased cell apoptosis and increased expressions of NLRP3 inflammasomes and downstream inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-18) in PVWM. Compared with the HI group,the HI+MTn group showed reduced WMD, cell apoptosis, microglia infiltration and inflammatory factors expression. MTn increased pink1 and parkin expression and reduced ROS production in PVWM.Conclusions:MTn reduces ROS production by enhancing mitochondrial autophagy and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasomes hyperactivation to alleviate endotoxin- and HI-induced WMD in neonatal rats.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mind mapping on the discharge readiness of patients undergoing first coronary stent implantation, so as to provide basis for seeking effective discharge guidance in clinical practice.Methods:One hundred patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from December 2019 to August 2020 and who underwent coronary stent implantation for the first time were selected as the study objects. They were divided into the control group and the experimental group with 50 cases in each group by the random number table method. The control group was given routine discharge guidance, and the experimental group was given discharge guidance using mind mapping. Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale and Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale were used to compare the differences of discharge readiness and discharge guidance quality between the two groups after intervention.Results:The personal status, adaptability, predictive support and the total score of discharge readiness in the experimental group were (25.18 ± 3.79), (45.24 ± 3.63), (36.62 ± 3.63), (107.04 ± 8.92) points, which were all higher than those in the control group (23.34 ± 3.04), (41.68 ± 3.62), (35.14 ± 2.14), (100.16 ± 7.36) points, with statistically significant differences ( t values were -4.91--2.48, all P<0.05). The actual acquired content, guiding skills and results, total scores of discharge guidance quality of patients in the experimental group were (56.66 ± 6.06), (94.46 ± 4.33), (151.12 ± 8.26) points, which were all higher than those in the control group (45.38 ± 9.19), (89.44 ± 10.87), (134.82 ± 14.31) points, with statistically significant differences ( t values were -7.25, -3.03, -6.97, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Mind mapping can effectively improve the discharge preparation degree and discharge guidance quality of patients undergoing coronary stent implantation for the first time, and it is a simple and practical discharge guidance tool.