Objective:To ascertain the levels of individual doses to radiation workers arising from occupationally external exposure in China in 2017, with an aim to provide basic data and scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational radiation sickness.Methods:Data on individual doses to monitored workers engaged in medical and industrial applications of radiation sources were collected through National Individual Dose Registry, with statistical analysis being carried out using Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni method. Results:A total of 361 727 radiation workers were investigated in 2017, of which 81.6% was from medical application and 18.4% from industrial application, respectively. The average annual effective dose from medical and industrial applications were 0.353 and 0.270 mSv, respectively, with the former significantly higher than the latter ( Z=48.547, P<0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was seen in the average annual effective dose for each occupational category of medical application ( H=1 136.217, P<0.05), suggesting that the dose values for the monitored workers in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology were significantly higher than for other four medical categories ( Z=2.877-26.967, P<0.05). These dose values for the radiation workers was 0.361 mSv in tertiary hospitals, 0.397 mSv in secondary hospitals, and 0.308 mSv in primary and unrated hospitals, respectively. The dose values for the monitored workers in industrial radiography and well logging were significantly higher than for other five industrial categories of industrial applications ( Z=4.172-36.908, P<0.05). Conclusions:The average annual effective doses to the of monitored workers meet the relevant national standards. The exposure doses to the workers in nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, industrial radiography and well logging are relatively high. The necessary measures and devices for radiation protection should be further strengthened to reduce occupational exposure of workers.

Objective:To investigate the levels of dose to eye lens of interventional radiology workers in China from 2017 to 2019.Methods:The monitoring data on eye lens doses to the interventional radiology workers in 28 provinces across the country were collected from National Individual Dose Registry. Monitoring was carried out using TLDs on their left eyes and evaluated in terms of the personal dose equivalent Hp(3). By using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test, statistical analyses were made of the average annual lens doses to interventional radiology workers in the hospitals of different types at different levels for different years. Results:From 2017 to 2019, the data on eye lens doses to 2 981 interventional radiology workers were collected, with doses ranging from below the minimum detectable level (MDL) to 64.48 mSv, the average annual eye dose of 1.38 mSv, and the annual doses incurred by 0.97% monitored workers exceeding the recently recommended dose limits, 20 mSv per year. The average annual lens dose monitored in general hospitals and in cancer hospitals were 1.33 and 1.77 mSv, respectively, without statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). The average annual lens dose in tertiary hospitals was 1.39 mSv, significantly higher than that in secondary hospitals where the value was 1.16 mSv ( Z=2.894, P<0.05). Conclusions:The estimated annual eye lens doses to the interventional radiology workers during 2017-2019 were in accordance with the current national standard GB 18871-2002, but with a few exceptions exceeding the current international standards. This means that there exists, to a certain degree, a potential risk for the eye lens in this work category to exceed the international limits. It is suggested to continue in effort to enhance the monitoring of eye lens dose for these workers and to increase risk awareness, and take effective protective measures so as to lower the level of eye lens doses.

Objective To explore the clinical application of 3D-printing model in guiding interventional management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and in teaching practice.Methods A patient with typical BCS of inferior vena cava type was selected.By using MR enhanced scanning,the original MRA data of DICOM format were extracted,and then the digital data were extracted and reconstructed to obtain 3D BCS model by Simpleware software.The 3D BCS entity model,using 1 ∶ 1 ratio,was printed out by a 3D printer.An experienced chief physician made a simulated interventional manipulation on this 3D BCS entity model.Results The BCS 3D model was successfully printed.Simulated operation could be easily performed on the 3D-printing model,in this way the chief physician could make a demonstration of interventional procedure of BCS to the junior doctors and medical students.Interventional therapeutic manipulation for BCS could be well demonstrated on the 3D-printing model of BCS,which was very helpful in guiding teaching practice and in promoting the communication between doctors and patients.Conclusion The BCS 3D-printing model can truly reflect the spatial architecture features of the inferior vena cava and the hepatic veins,which are very valuable for the making of surgical plan,for the demonstration of simulation operation,and for teaching practice.Moreover,3D-printing model can stereoscopically display the location and morphology of the lesion,which can improve patient's understanding of the disease,thus,the communication between doctors and patients can be strengthened.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.Recurrence and metastasis are the primary reasons for its poor prognosis.Growing evidence has proposed that lung cancer may be driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which may be responsible for the poor outcome of lung cancer.The resistance mechanisms of cancer stem cells include four aspects: high expression of the chemo-resistant efflux transporter ABC in CSCs populations, over-expression of ALDH, efficient DNA damage repair system, developmental pathway activation.The tolerance mechanism of CSCs was described to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment and development of new anti-tumor drugs.

Objective To explore the features of sleep quality and its relationship with perceived stress and occupational stress in military personnel serving in high-altitude regions.Methods Cross-sectional study design was adopted in this study.In February 2023,self-designed demographic data questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),perceived stress scale(PSS-10)and job content questionnaire(JCQ)were applied to survey 3 784 soldiers from a unit stationing in plateau subjected by cluster sampling.Results The total score of PSQI was 5.37±2.78 in the participants,and the total score and the scores of each dimension of PSQI were significantly higher than the national norms for Chinese(P＜0.001).There were significant differences in PSQI scores among different age,length of military service,nationality,length of stationing in plateau,education level and family structure(P＜0.001).The low perceived stress group had significantly lower PSQI scores than the high perceived stress group(t=-12.108,P＜0.001).Regulatory effect analysis showed that the length of stationing in plateau,work autonomy,work psychological requirements,and social support in the work environment could modulate the relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality(t=8.326,-3.788,-2.145,-6.656,P＜0.05),and explained 14.6％,7.6％,7.0％and 7.9％of the variance of sleep quality,respectively.Conclusion The military personnel serving in high-altitude regions have a poor sleep quality.Age,time of military service,time of stationing in plateau,nationality,family structure,education level,perceived stress,and occupational stress are important factors affecting their sleep quality.The length of stationing in plateau time and occupational stress,can modulate the relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality.

The high-energy particles from the sun and from outside the solar system and then enter the Earth′s atmosphere and interact with the nuclei of atmospheric constituents, leading to secondary cosmic rays, which are the main radiation source to aircrew. Routine individual monitoring or dose estimation for aircrew is necessary because of the high level exposure to radiation. However, dose monitoring for aircrew is not a simple task due to the complex components of cosmic ray radiation field. To protect occupational health of aircrew, it is important to seek appropriate dose monitoring method and to be aware of cosmic radiation level. This review gives an overview of dose monitoring method, dose calculation method, and dose levels of occupational exposure of aicrew from cosmic rays, in order to provide new input for strengthening dose monitoring and health management of aircrew in China.

Objective To establish a model for estimating the eye lens dose of the first operator in interventional therapy based on the Monte Carlo simulation, and to provide a scientific basis for the rapid and accurate evaluation of the eye lens dose for radiation workers in interventional therapy. Methods Based on the MIRD phantom and eye model for adult Chinese males, the MCNPX program was used to establish the physical model to calculate the spatial distribution of radiation field and eye lens dose for the first operator. A GR200 Type A LiF (Mg, Cu, P) thermoluminescence dosimeter was used for experimental measurement to verify the simulation results. Results Monte Carlo simulation and experimental measurements showed that the spatial distribution of radiation field was symmetrical. Compared with the measured doses, the errors of the simulated eye lens dose of the first operator were between −8.3% and 7.3%. The dose of the left eye lens was higher than that of the right eye. Conclusion The Monte Carlo model constructed in this study initially realizes the simulation of eye lens dose of the first operator in interventional therapy. In the future, the model will be further optimized based on irradiation parameters such as exposure time, tube voltage, tube current, and projection direction used in clinic practice, so as to more accurately evaluate the eye lens dose of interventional therapy staff.

Objective:To estimate and analyze the levels of occupational exposure of aircrews in China, and to provide scientific basis for strengthening occupational health management.Methods:Through the FlightAware website, the flight data were collected of a total of 104 routes flying between airports with large passenger volume in China. Four kinds of cosmic radiation dose estimation programs CARI, SIEVERT, PCAIRE, and JISCARD-EX were compared and analyzed from the aspects of covering the number of airports in China, program user experience and example calculation of airline effective dose. Based on route logs, CARI-7A was applied to estimate the levels of occupational exposure of Chinese aircrews to cosmic radiation.Results:The difference in the effective doses calculated by use of these four cosmic radiation dose estimation programs for the routes with different solar activity levels was statistically significant ( M=7.52-180.98, P<0.05). The annual effective dose estimated by PCAIRE for 68 routes from 2014 to 2021 was significantly higher than that estimated by CARI-7A ( Z=2.52, P<0.05). Based on CARI-7A, the annual effective doses from cosmic radiation to aircrews in China from 2014 to 2021 were estimated, being 1.26 (0.57-2.35) mSv for flight attendants and 1.03 (0.47-1.92) mSv for pilots. The effective dose from cosmic radiation to aircrews on a single flight on some high-frequency routes in China ranged from 0.57 to 6.88 μSv. Conclusions:The level of occupational exposure of Chinese aircrews to cosmic radiation meets the requirements of national standards, but is higher than that of occupational exposure from medical and industrial applications of radiation, so it is still necessary to further strengthen the mamagememt of occupational exposure and occupational health of aircrews.

Objective To propose a computer recognition algorithm for solid nuclear track images based on the machine learning method, and to realize the automatic, fast and accurate recognition of nuclear tracks and improve the efficiency of solid track image analysis. Methods Firstly, 143 images containing tracks were scanned by morphological method to determine the location of suspected tracks, and 1250 material images were captured. 50% of the material were selected as the training set and 30% as the validation set for training the machine learning model. Another 20% of the material were selected as the test set for testing the model recognition result. The algorithm code was written and trained based on the MATLAB software. Results The established solid track recognition algorithm had a strong recognition capability, and the recognition accuracy of the test set could reach 84.8%. The machine learning model program constructed by the algorithm could evolve continuously with the input of training data, further improving the accuracy. Conclusion Based on image morphology and machine learning, the track recognition algorithm was investigated, by which the automatic recognition of solid tracks was better realized. In the future, we will increase the data input of the model, optimize the algorithm, and improve the recognition accuracy, in order to provide a more accurate and efficient method for automatic image track recognition.

Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Sheng ma) is a Ranunculaceae herb belonging to a composite family and well known in China. has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Thecontains three varieties ((Turcz.),L. andKom.) which have been used clinically as "Sheng-ma". However, the chemical constituents of three components of "Sheng-ma" have never been documented. In this study, a rapid method for the analysis of the main components of "Sheng-ma" was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The present study reveals the major common and distinct chemical constituents of,andand also reports principal component and statistical analyses of these results. The components were identified by comparing the retention time, accurate mass, mass spectrometric fragmentation characteristic ions and matching empirical molecular formula with that of the published compounds. A total of 32 common components and 8 markers for different "Sheng-ma" components were identified. These findings provide an important basis for the further study and clinical utilities of the three "Sheng-ma" varieties.