Objective:To explore the levels of vitamin A(VA) and vitamin D(VD) in blood of children with tic disorder (Tic disorder, TD) and their associations with tic symptoms severity and clinical types, so as to provide evidence for better prevention and treatment of TD.Methods:A total of 245 children with TD from September 2018 to April 2019 in the department of child Health care, affiliated hospital of qingdao university were enrolled as the case group and 63 healthy children who underwent routine physical examination at the same time as the control group. The levels of VA and VD were measured and their relationship with the severity of tic symptoms and clinical types were analyzed.Results:(1)The VD level of the case group was significantly lower than that of the control group ((23.72±8.87) μg/L , (26.61±7.59) μg/L, t=-2.24, P=0.03), and the proportion of insufficiency or even lack (37.31%, 75/201) was higher than the control group (15.79%, 9/57) (χ 2=9.37, P=0.002). (2)According to the Yale global tic severity scale(YGTSS), the children in the case group were divided into mild TD group, and moderate-to-severe TD group. ①There were significant differences in serum VA and VD levels in mild TD group, moderate-to-severe TD group and the control group ( F=29.79, P<0.01; F=10.90, P<0.01). Among them, the content of VA and VD in moderate-to-severe TD group were lower than those in mild TD group and control group (VA: (0.29±0.06)mg/L, (0.35±0.06)mg/L, (0.34±0.06)mg/L; VD: (21.01±8.30)μg/L, (25.84±8.76)μg/L, (26.61±7.59)μg/L). ②VA and VD levels of children with TD were negatively correlated with the severity of symptoms ( r=-0.325; P<0.01; r=-0.228; P=0.001). (3)According to DSM-V classification criteria, TD children were divided into PTD group, CTD group and TS group. ①There was no significant difference in serum VA level among different clinical types of TD children ( F=0.87, P=0.46). ②The levels of serum VD were different among the four groups ( F=4.13, P=0.007). Among them, the VD level in TS group was the lowest, and its content was significantly lower than that in control group ((21.83±7.60)μg/L, (26.61±7.59)μg/L, P<0.05)). The prevalence of insufficient or even lack of serum VD in children with different subtypes of TD was higher than that in the control group (χ 2=10.88, P=0.01). Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency exists in children with TD. The level of vitamin A and vitamin D in serum of children with TD is related with the severity of tic symptoms.The VD level is related with clinical type of TD.

The medical equipment industry is an important foundation of the medical and health services,which is related to the life and health of people,as well as the overall situation of high-quality development.China has continuously issued important industrial policy documents,such as the"14th Five Year"Plan for Development of the Medical Equipment Industry and the"Action Plan for High-Quality Development of the Medical Equipment Industry(2023-2025)".The positive results have been achieved in the innovative development of medical equipment industry,which included emerging high-end medical equipment,key components of accelerating breakthrough,accelerated pace in application and demonstration,appeared vitality in the collaborative innovation of medical-industry,and continuous improvement of support capabilities for equipment.This article sorted out and summarized the achievements of innovation and development of China's medical equipment in the new era,and analyzed the existing problems,and looked forward to future development,and proposed suggestion on the basis of visual angle of formulating and executing the"14th Five Year"Plan for Development of the Medical Equipment Industry.

Objective To construct an intervention programme for breastfeeding among mothers of infants with congenital heart disease and to verify its effect.Methods Taking the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour model as the theoretical basis,the first draft of the intervention programme was formed through literature search and semi-structured interviews,and 8 experts in the relevant fields were selected to conduct expert validation and determine the content of the program.By the consecutive sampling method,infants and their mothers who attended the cardiothoracic disease clinic of a tertiary-level children's specialist hospital in Shanghai from 4 May to 24 June 2023,with a day-old age of≤14 d and a confirmed diagnosis of CHD,were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 16 cases in each group,by the method of randomized grouping by district.The experimental group received breastfeeding intervention for mothers of infants with CHD on the basis of routine care;the control group received routine care and basic disease education and breastfeeding counselling.At 1 and 3 months of the infants with CHD,the 2 groups were compared in terms of exclusive breastfeeding rate,daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,weight for age Z-score and height for age Z-score.Results A total of 1 round of expert validation was conducted,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 100％and an expert authority coefficient of 0.94.The breastfeeding intervention programme for mothers of infants with CHD is a comprehensive approach that encompasses 3 key dimensions,including capability,opportunity,and motivation.The programme is designed to enhance mothers'ability to recognize feeding signals,master breastfeeding techniques,and maintain successful breastfeeding practices.It also addresses common breastfeeding challenges and provides effective solutions.Additionally,it includes strategies for breastmilk management and fosters family support for breastfeeding.The programme offers medical information support on breastfeeding and aims to elevate mothers'understanding of its benefits.It involves systematic monitoring and recording of breastfeeding volumes,as well as thorough assessments and guidance on infant growth and development,including but not limited to the 10 specific entries related to the infant's progress.The results of the generalized estimating equations and repeated measures analysis of variance revealed statistically significant between-group differences(P＜0.05)in the rates of exclusive breastfeeding,the proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,and the weight-for-age(WAZ)and height-for-age(HAZ)z-scores of infants across the 2 groups at various time points.The results of simple effect analysis showed that the differences in exclusive breastfeeding rate,the proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,WAZ and HAZ between the 2 groups before intervention were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).At the age of 3 months of the infants after the intervention,the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.003).The proportion of daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds for infants in the intervention group at 1 and 3 months of age was higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).At 3 months of age,WAZ of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.037);HAZ of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 1 and 3 months of age after intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The breastfeeding intervention programme for mothers of infants with CHD,constructed on the basis of the COM-B model in this study,was comprehensive,feasible and acceptable.Implementation of the programme has potential positive effects on increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates and the daily human milk as a percentage of total feeds,and may also have a positive impact on WAZ and HAZ of infants.

Objective To explore the optimal ratio of Baitong decoction based on efficacy,clarify its spectrum-effect relationship,and identify its potential quality markers.Methods An ulcerative colitis(UC)model in mice was established using dextran sulfate sodium.The efficacy of Baitong decoction with varying drug ratios was assessed by evaluating the apparent score,pathological score and inflammatory factor changes of UC in each group of experimental animals.The fingerprints of Baitong decoction with different ratios were established by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and the relationship between the content of each substance and its efficacy was analyzed by partial least squares regression to determine the potential quality markers of Baitong decoction.Results Baitong decoction was most effective in relieving ulcerative colitis when the mass ratio of Fuzi,Ganjiang and Congbai was 1∶2∶2.The fingerprinting identified 14 common peaks across 7 ratios,with 9 peaks were found to be associated with the remission of ulcerative colitis by partial least squares regression analysis.Conclusion The optimal ratio of Fuzi,Ganjiang and Congbai for treating UC is 1∶2∶2.The spectrum-effect relationship analysis suggested that the quality markers of Baitong decoction may be the substances represented by peak 2(benzoylaconine),3,5,6,8(mesaconine),9(aconitine),10(hypaconitine),13(10-gingerol)and 14.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution of 18 535 cases in Yuncheng . Methods A sample of 18535 residents who underwent HPV testing in our hospital from August 2020 to September 2023 were enrolled, and HPV genotyping was done to all samples. Then the rate of HPV infection, age distribution, genotype distribution, and multiple infections were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 18,535 subjects included, a total of 4,639 tested positive for HPV, demonstrating a positive rate of 25.03%. The positive rate of HPV infection varied among different age groups (χ²=29.587, P<0.05), with higher rates found in <25 years old group (29.61%) and >60 years old group (25.89%). Overall, 23 genotypes, covering 5315 viruses, were detected. There were 5 low-risk genotypes with the highest percentage of HPV42 (9.29%), and there were 18 high-risk genotypes with HPV52, HPV58, HPV66 and HPV53, subtypes as the most frequent subtypes, accounting for 13.64%, 8.97%, 7.41% and 7.04%, respectively. The type of HPV infection was predominantly single infections, with an overall single infection rate of 21.62% (4008/18535), which accounted for 86.40% (4 008/4 639) of all positive cases, and a multiple genotype infections rate of 3.40% (631/18535). The 25-34 year old group accounted for the largest proportion of single infections (25.12%), while the <25 year old group accounted for the largest proportion of multiple genotype infections (30.74%). Conclusion The prevalence rate of HPV infection in Yuncheng is 25.03%, with a higher positive rate in the <25 years age group and the >60 years age group. A total of 23 HPV genotypes are detected, of which the main genotypes are HPV42, HPV58, HPV66 and HPV53, and the type of infection is dominated by single infections.