Sequencing is becoming increasingly important in the early detection, companion diagnostics, molecular subtyping, and prognosis assessment of malignant tumors. In this special column of'tumors and sequencing′, renowned experts in the field of laboratory medicine elaborate on cutting-edge concepts, technologies, and applications related to drug target gene and polymorphism analysis, novel techniques of liquid biopsy, and the clinical cases of mutated genes in solid tumors and hematoma. Notably, liquid biopsy techniques based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are advancing rapidly, offering the potential to serve as non-invasive diagnostic tools that facilitate precision medicine in oncology. To address the limitations of current ctDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS), future developments may focus on NGS targeting CTC-DNA for more precise tumor-targeted therapy. Despite the progress, challenges remain in integrating oncogene sequencing into clinical laboratories and advancing laboratory medicine. Addressing these challenges is crucial to improving public health.

Objective To investigate the effect of Euphorbia helioscopia on biological behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Methods NSCLC cell lines PC-9 and A549 treated with different concentrations of Euphorbia helioscopia preparations were examined for changes in proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and migration using CCK-8 assay,colony formation assay,flow cytometry,wound healing assay and Transwell assay.Western blotting was performed to detect the changes in protein expressions of Bax,Bcl-2,E-cadherin,vimentin,MMP2,and MMP9 in the treated cells.PC-9 cells were injected subcutaneously into BALB/C nude mice to establish a nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model.According to the growth of subcutaneous tumors,mice were randomly divided into control group:gavaged daily with saline;Euphorbia helioscopia-treated group:gavaged daily with Euphorbia helioscopia 65 mg/mL,and Euphorbia helioscopia granules were dissolved in saline;cisplatin-treated group:injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin 4 mg/kg every 5 days,6 mice per group.The subcutaneous tumor volume and mass changes of mice were measured,and the toxic effects of Euphorbia helioscopia on heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney as well as the therapeutic effects of Euphorbia helioscopia were observed in the mice bearing tumor.Results Euphorbia helioscopia granules concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and survival of PC-9 and A549 cells,significantly promoted cell apoptosis,suppressed invasion and migration abilities of the cells,up-regulated the expression levels of E-cadherin and Bax,and down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2,vimentin,MMP2,and MMP9.In the tumor-bearing mice,treatment with Euphorbia helioscopia significantly inhibited tumor growth without producing obvious toxicity in the vital organs.Conclusion Euphorbia helioscopia can inhibit proliferation,invasion,and migration and induces apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effect of Euphorbia helioscopia on biological behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Methods NSCLC cell lines PC-9 and A549 treated with different concentrations of Euphorbia helioscopia preparations were examined for changes in proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and migration using CCK-8 assay,colony formation assay,flow cytometry,wound healing assay and Transwell assay.Western blotting was performed to detect the changes in protein expressions of Bax,Bcl-2,E-cadherin,vimentin,MMP2,and MMP9 in the treated cells.PC-9 cells were injected subcutaneously into BALB/C nude mice to establish a nude mouse subcutaneous tumor model.According to the growth of subcutaneous tumors,mice were randomly divided into control group:gavaged daily with saline;Euphorbia helioscopia-treated group:gavaged daily with Euphorbia helioscopia 65 mg/mL,and Euphorbia helioscopia granules were dissolved in saline;cisplatin-treated group:injected intraperitoneally with cisplatin 4 mg/kg every 5 days,6 mice per group.The subcutaneous tumor volume and mass changes of mice were measured,and the toxic effects of Euphorbia helioscopia on heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney as well as the therapeutic effects of Euphorbia helioscopia were observed in the mice bearing tumor.Results Euphorbia helioscopia granules concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and survival of PC-9 and A549 cells,significantly promoted cell apoptosis,suppressed invasion and migration abilities of the cells,up-regulated the expression levels of E-cadherin and Bax,and down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2,vimentin,MMP2,and MMP9.In the tumor-bearing mice,treatment with Euphorbia helioscopia significantly inhibited tumor growth without producing obvious toxicity in the vital organs.Conclusion Euphorbia helioscopia can inhibit proliferation,invasion,and migration and induces apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro.