Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)regu-lates anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury and apoptosis in mice through SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway.Methods Twenty-four six-week-old SPF male mice were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight,ADLI group[90 mg/(kg·d)Isoniazid,135 mg/(kg·d)Rifampicin,315 mg/(kg·d)Pyrazinamide were given by gavage],control group[thesame volume of saline was given by gavage as antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury(ADLI)group],NADH group(30 mg/kg NADH wasgiven by gavage on the basis of control group)and NADH intervention group(30 mg/kg NADH wasgiven by gavage on the basis of ADLI group),with sixmice in each group.They were gavaged continuously for seven days,and their seruand liver tissues were collected.The mRNA and protein expression of silence information regulator 1(SIRT1),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway,apoptosis indicators B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)and caspase-3 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.HE staining was performed to observe the morphology of liver tissue.The liver was weighedandthe liver index was obtained by dividingweight by body weight.The levels of glutamate aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),which are indicators of liver injury,were detected by microplate method.Results Compared with control group,the protein and mRNA expression of SIRT1,Nrf2decreased significantly in ADLI group.Liver tissue struc-ture wasdisturbed,hepatocytes were obviously swollen,and their boundary was unclear.The weight of mice de-creased,but liver index increased.The mRNA and protein expression level of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 decreased,while that of Bax and caspase-3 was raised.The level of ALT,AST and LDH were also elevated.The differences a-bove were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with ADLI group,the protein and mRNA expression of SIRT1,Nrf2 were higher after NADH intervention.Liver tissue structure became clear,and hepatocytes were po-lygonal.The protein and mRNA expression of anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-2 was elevated and while that of Bax and caspase-3 was lower.The weight of mice increased and liver index decreased.The expression of ALT,AST and LDH decreased.The differences above were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion NADH may allevi-ate anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury and apoptosis in mice by regulating SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway.

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles are a new type of semiconductor nanomaterials used in many applications. Studies have shown that cadmium sulfide nanoparticles have toxic effects on the reproductive system， liver， and kidney of the body， and the toxicities are affected by various factors. This paper summarized the current research on the toxicity of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles at home and abroad， and reviewed the latest research progress on the mechanisms of its toxic effects and influencing factors.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory mechanism of human hepatocyte apoptosis induced by lysosomal membrane protein Sidt2 knockout. METHODS: The Sidt2 knockout (Sidt2^-/-) cell model was constructed in human hepatocyte HL7702 cells using Crispr-Cas9 technology.The protein levels of Sidt2 and key autophagy proteins LC3-II/I and P62 in the cell model were detected using Western blotting, and the formation of autophagosomes was observed with MDC staining.EdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry were performed to observe the effect of Sidt2 knockout on cell proliferation and apoptosis.The effect of chloroquine at the saturating concentration on autophagic flux, proliferation and apoptosis of Sidt2 knockout cells were observed. RESULTS: Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells were successfully constructed.Sidt2 knockout significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of the cells, causing also increased protein expressions of LC3-II/I and P62(P < 0.05) and increased number of autophagosomes.Autophagy of the cells reached a saturated state following treatment with 50 μmol/L chloroquine, and at this concentration, chloroquine significantly increased the expressions of LC3B and P62 in Sidt2^-/- HL7702 cells. CONCLUSION Sidt2 gene knockout causes dysregulation of the autophagy pathway and induces apoptosis of HL7702 cells, and the latter effect is not mediated by inhibiting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
Humans ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Autophagy ; Apoptosis ; Hepatocytes ; Lysosomes/metabolism* ; Chloroquine/pharmacology* ; Nucleotide Transport Proteins/metabolism*