Objective To explore the expression of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) mRNA and protein,as well as the relationship between TrxR and myeloid leukemia.Methods Bone marrow samples from 20 acute myeloid leukemia (AML),20 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML),and 20 healthy persons as normal control group were collected.The human non small cell lung cancer A549 cells were selected as the positive control group.The expression of TrxR mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The expression of TrxR protein level was detected by Western blot.Results The relative quantitation expressions of TrxR mRNA were 6.751 (13.459),4.321 (11.389),18.477 (2.089),1.045 (0.467) in AML,CML,positive control and normal control group,were 17.814±3.979 and 4.860±1.550 in the primary diagnosed/relapse group and complete remission (CR) group of AML patients,and were 19.552 (5.758) and 3.459 (2.047) in the primary diagnosed and treatment group of CML patients.The expression levels of TrxR mRNA in AML,CML and positive control group were significantly higher than that in normal control group (H =43.978,P ＜ 0.001).For AML patients,the expression levels of TrxR mRNA in the primary diagnosed/relapse group,CR,positive control group were significantly higher than that in normal control group (F=246.793,P ＜ 0.001),and the difference between the primary diagnosed/relapse group and positive control group was no significant (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of TrxR mRNA were higher in the primary diagnosed/relapse group than that in CR group,and that in CR group than that in normal control group (both P ＜ 0.05).For CML patients,the expression levels of TrxR mRNA in the primary diagnosed,treatment,positive control group were significantly higher than that in normal controls (H =38.222,P ＜ 0.001),the difference between that in the primary diagnosed and that in positive control group was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),but the expression of TrxR were significantly higher in the primary diagnosed group than that in treatment group,and that in treatment group than that in normal controls (both P ＜ 0.05).The expression of TrxR mRNA in the primary diagnosed/relapse group of AML and the primary diagnosed group of CML showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The positive levels of TrxR protein were 0.679,0.606,0.877 and 0.095 in AML,CML,positive control and normal control group.TrxR protein was highly expressed in myeloid leukemia patients.Conclusion The expression levels of TrxR mRNA and protein are increased in myeloid leukemia.The low expression of TrxR in normal hematopoietic stem cells is highly expressed in myeloid leukemia,and is downgraded after treatment,which may be used as one of the parameters to diagnosis,effect and prognosis of myeloid leukemia.

Objective To determine if urinary cystatin C (uCys C) level can predict mortality in critically ill neonates.Methods This prospective study included neonates admitted to the intensive care unit within the first 6 hours of life from May.2011 to Oct.2012.Neonates were assigned into survivor and non-survivor groups based on whether they died during the first week of life.The uCys C level was measured on the day of admission.The score for neonatal acute physiology (SNAP) was calculated based on 28 items collected during the first 24 hours of admission.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether uCys C level was a predictor of mortality.A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive strength.Results Of the total 155 neonates,12 cases (7.1％) died during the first week of life.When compared to survivors,the gestational age (t =2.810,P =0.006) and birth weight (t =3.245,P =0.001) in non-survivors were significantly lower; but the uCys C level (z =-3.426,P =0.001),the SNAP score (z =-3.308,P =0.001),and the use of mechanical ventilation (x2 =23.877,P =0.000) were significantly higher.Logistic regression analysis revealed that uCys C remained significantly associated with mortality after adjusting for gestation age,birth weight,or the SNAP score (P =0.024).uCys C achieved AUC of 0.81 (95％ CI:0.71-0.92,P =0.001).When combined with SNAP and mechanical ventilation,the predictive performance of uCys C improved AUC 0.93 (95 ％ CI:0.86-1.00,P =0.000).Conclusion uCys C is significantly associated with adverse outcome of death and independently predictive of mortality in critically ill neonates.

Objective To investigate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explore its relationship with clinical characteristics and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).Methods The expressions of Nrf2 and TrxR genes in bone marrow cells and K562 cells were analyzed in 30 bone marrow preparations of CML patients in different phases,including 20 in chronic phase,3 in accelerated phase,7 in blastic phase by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Ten health subjects were served as normal controls.Results The relative quantitation expression of Nrf2 and TrxR mRNA were 5.601±1.069 and 9.017±2.398 in chronic phase,1.698±0.349 and 5.590±1.015 in accelerated phase,1.252±0.807 and 5.050±1.469 in blastic phase,1.377± 0.344 and 1.867±0.977 in normal controls.The expressions of both Nrf2 and TrxR mRNA in CML had significant differences from those of the normal controls (x2 =14.680,P =0.002,x2 =8.271,P =0.041).The expression of Nrf2 mRNA in accelerated phase,blastic phase group showed no significant difference (Z =0.011,P =0.496),but lower than that in chronic phase group (Z =2.155,P =0.016,Z =2.534,P =0.006).The difference between the first visit and post-treated group was significant (Z =2.015,P =0.022).The expression in K562 cells and normal controls had significant difference (Z =1.898,P =0.029).In CML patients,the expression of Nrf2 was positively correlated with that of TrxR (r =0.738,P =0.037).Conclusion The expression of Nrf2 gene is higher in the first visit group of CML than that in the other groups,and is decreased after therapy,which may be the molecular marker predicting the progress of CML.Nrf2 mRNA expression level is correlated with TrxR.

AIM:To investigate high-density lipoprotein ( HDL) subclass distribution and to analyze the rela-tionship between HDL subclasses with plasma glucose and lipids in metabolic syndrome ( MS) .METHODS:Apolipopro-tein A-I ( apoA-I) contents of plasma HDL subclasses were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis associated with immunodetection .The concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins in the plasma were measured by an automated bio -chemical analyzer .RESULTS:Compared with the controls , the levels of fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) , total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride ( TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B100(apoB100), apoB100/apoA-I, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI) and HDL3b were increased in the MS patients (P<0.05).Meanwhile, HDL-C, apoA-I and preβ2-HDL, HDL2a and HDL2b were decreased in the MS patients (P<0.01).With the increase in the plasma glucose level , the contents of HDL2a and HDL2b were decreased in the MS patients (P<0.05), while preβ1-HDL was increased (P<0.05).With the decrease in the HDL-C level, the content of HDL2b was decreased in the MS patients (P<0.01), while preβ1-HDL was increased (P<0.01).With the increase in the TG level and the decrease in the HDL-C level, the content of HDL2b had a decrea-sing trend and the content of small-particle preβ1-HDL had an increasing trend , indicating that HDL maturation metabolism was disrupted.The correlation analysis showed that FPG was negatively correlated with the levels of HDL 2a and HDL2b, HDL-C was negatively correlated with the level of preβ1-HDL and positively correlated with the level of HDL 2b , and TG was positively correlated with the levels of preβ1-HDL and HDL3b .CONCLUSION:With the increases in the plasma glucose and TG, and the decrease in HDL-C in the MS patients, HDL particles have minifying tendency , and the maturation me-tabolism of HDL particles is disrupted .

Background/Aims: This study aimed to analyze the trends in mortality attributed to hepatitis B and C around the Western Pacific region from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study for a systematic analysis. The deaths related to hepatitis B and C were analyzed by age, sex, year, risk factors, geographical location, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Results: From 1990 to 2019, the annual total deaths from hepatitis B decreased from 0.266 to 0.210 million and those from hepatitis C increased from 0.119 to 0.142 million in the Western Pacific region. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of hepatitis B and C decreased by 63.5% and 48.0%, respectively. The declines in the ASMR related to hepatitis B and C were only detected in 12 and two Western Pacific countries, respectively. As the major risk factors, the contribution of alcohol use to hepatitis B deaths was 52% and drug use to hepatitis C was 80%. In males and females, the ASMR attributed to hepatitis B decreased by 61% and 71%, respectively, and the ASMR attributed to hepatitis C decreased by 43% and 55%, respectively. The association between SDI and ASMRs suggested that hepatitis B and C, respectively, showed an overall decline and stable trends as the SDI improved in the Western Pacific region. Conclusions Although the mortality rate from hepatitis B and C decreased from 1990 to 2019, notable variation was observed among 27 Western Pacific countries. Efforts targeting hepatitis B and C prevention and treatment are still required in this region, especially for the pandemic countries.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between microRNA (miRNA) differential expression and quality of embryo. METHODS: The miRNA expression profiles of 8 blastocysts were detected by a TaqMan microRNA array, and miRNAs with a stable expression were selected. Additional blastocysts were selected, and the candidate miRNA was detected by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, chromosomal abnormalities of the embryos were detected by using next-generation sequencing, and the results were compared. RESULTS: The expression of mir-720, mir-372, mir-886-3p and mir-512-3p was higher than that of miR-145, which suggested that mir-720, mir-372, mir-886-3p and mir-512-3p are related to early embryo development. The expression of miR-145 and mir-886-3p were significantly lower in the normal chromosome group. With the threshold values of above 9 and 3 for the relative expression of miR-145 and mir-886-3p, respectively, there was no embryo without a chromosomal abnormality. CONCLUSION There is a correlation between the expression level of specific miRNA and chromosomal abnormalities of embryos, which may be used as a novel biomarker for embryo selection.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Kwak and ACR( 2017 ) thyroid imaging reporting and data systems ( T I‐RADS ) for thyroid nodules . Methods Cases of thyroid nodule who underwent surgery from January 2015 to M arch 2018 in 15 hospitals in Sichuan province were collected and the ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed by trained senior ultrasound physicians using Kwak and ACR T I‐RADS classification methods . Totally ,12 712 thyroid nodules were observed ,7 023 thyroid nodules in 7 023 cases with complete ultrasound and surgical and pathological data were eventually enrolled in the study . T hyroid nodules with solid ,hypoechoic or very hypoechoic ,tall/wide ratio ≥ 1 , margin ill‐defined and microcalcification were classified as malignant signs of ultrasound . M alignant percentage was calculated and diagnostic tests were performed . Results ① T here was a statistical difference between the benign and malignant nodules in the two types of T I‐RADS classification ( P＜0 .01) . ② T he area under ROC curve of Kwak and ACR in the diagnosis of malignant nodules were 0 .89 and 0 .84 ,respectively . T he Youden index of Kwak and ACR were 0 .66 and 0 .57 ,respectively . ③Taking Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 as critical points for malignancy ,the sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Kwak T I 4B were 75 .0% ,90 .9% ,83 .2% ,and 85 .9% , respectively . T he accuracy of Kwak T I4B was 84 .9% ; T he sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ACR T R4 were 88 .2% ,68 .9% ,62 .9% ,and 90 .8% ,respectively . T he accuracy of ACR T R4 was 76 .2% . T he Kappa value of Kwak TI4B and ACR T R4 was 0 .52 . T he χ2 value of Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 was 2 174 .6 ( P ＜ 0 .01 ) . Conclusions T he diagnostic values of two T I‐RADS classification methods for thyroid malignant nodules are high . T he overall efficiency of Kwak T I‐RADS classification method is better than that of ACR TI‐RADS classification method .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of polysaccharide in water extract of Cyclocarya paliurus （CPWP） in inhibiting benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）. MethodsCPWP was obtained by heating reflux， aqueous extraction， alcohol precipitation， and freeze drying. The chemical composition and structural properties of CPWP were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with 1-pheny-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization and infrared spectroscopy. Male SD rats were randomly assigned into control， model， finasteride （ig 5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （ig 50， 75， 100 mg·kg^-1） CPWP groups， with 8 rats in each group. The BPH model was established by subcutaneously injecting propionate testosterone in castrated rats. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs， and those in the control group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline each day. After 30 consecutive days， the rats were sacrificed， and the prostate tissue was separated and weighed. The effects of drug interventions on the body weight， prostate wet weight， and prostate index of rats were examined. The prostate tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） for observation of pathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the level of dihydrotestosterone （DHT）， and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 （SRD5A2） and Ki67 in the prostate tissue. ResultsCPWP was identified as a saccharide， with characteristic absorption peaks of saccharides. CPWP showed the total sugar content of 44.15% and molecular weight within the range of 5.5-78.8 kDa， being composed of mannose， rhamnose， galacturonic acid， glucose， galactose， xylose， and arabinose. Compared with the control group， the model group had significantly increased prostate wet weight and prostate index （P<0.01）， thick and tall prostate epithelial cells， increased internal wrinkles， papillary expansion into the cavity， an elevation in DHT level in the serum， and up-regulated expression of SRD5A2 and Ki67 in the prostate tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， both the finasteride and CPWP groups showed decreases in prostate wet weight and prostate index （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thinned prostate epithelial cells， with only a small portion of internal wrinkles and papillary expansion into the cavity， shortened papillary protrusions， lowered DHT level in the serum， and down-regulated expression of SRD5A2 and Ki67 in the prostate tissue （P<0.01）. Moreover， CPWP exerted effects in a dose-dependent manner. ConclusionCPWP inhibits BPH by regulating the expression of SRD5A2.