Objective To investigate any potential and independent demographic and serologic risk factors contributing to bone destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) . Methods A total of 445 patients with RA were recruited in this study. Three autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor ( RF) , anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody ( anti-CCP antibody) and anti-citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 antibody ( anti-CEP-1 antibody) were quantified by using specific ELISA kits. The hand radiographs of all subjects were graded by using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score ( Sharp score) . The potential and in-dependent risk factors were assessed by using univariate linear regression analyses and the stepwise multiple regression analysis, respectively. Results Based upon the univariate regression analyses, 7 covariates were identified as the potential risk factors for bone destruction in patients with RA, which were female (β=0. 100, P=0. 035), longer disease duration (β=0. 498, P=3. 26×10-29), RF (β=0. 096, P=0. 042), younger age at onset (β=-0. 312, P=1. 60 × 10-11 ), anti-CCP antibody positive (β=0. 202, P=1.74×10-5), anti-CEP-1 antibody positive (β=0.148, P=0.017) and positive for either anti-CCP or anti-CEP-1 antibodies (β=0. 157, P=1. 42×10-3). However, smoking (β=-0. 121, P=0. 018) were identi-fied as the potential protective factors. The multiple regression analysis indicated that the longer disease du-ration (P=2. 24×10-15) and anti-CCP antibody positive (P=0. 012) were independent risk factors for bone destruction. Conclusion Female, longer disease duration, younger age at onset, RF, anti-CCP and anti-CEP-1antibodies are potential risk factors for bone damage in patients with RA. Moreover, longer disease du-ration and anti-CCP antibody are two independent risk factors contributing to bone destruction in RA.

Osteosarcoma ( OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Currently, the combination of surgical resection and chemotherapy is the main method of treatment for OS in the clinic.Al-though, the survival rate has been greatly improved in OS patients with localized disease, the 5-year survival rate has re-mained <20%.It is very important to understand the cause of disease, to develop novel drugs or therapeutics, and to learn the disease through animal models.This review will introduce the progress of animal models of osteosarcoma over the last years.

Nail unit tumors are a group of rare tumors only occurring in the nail unit, including onychopapilloma, onychomatricoma, onychocytic matricoma, onycholemmal carcinoma, and so on. These tumors have specific clinical manifestations and pathological features due to their special anatomical locations. This review focuses on clinical manifestations, histopathological characteristics and treatment of the above tumors.

Objective To explore the value of serum IgA,serum C3 and IgA/C3 ratio in the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of IgA nephropathy,which provide new insight for the alternatives of renal biopsy. Methods In the first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University,60 patients with IgAN,60 patients with non-IgAN and 40 healthy people were detected by blood biochemical indexes and immune indexes,such as the Urea,serum IgA and serum C3,IgA/C3 ratio. According to the healthy condition and Lee grading,we divided all the 160 patients into different groups. By comparing the blood biochemical indexes and immune indexes among these different groups,we investigated the relationship between the serum IgA/C3 ratio and the IgAN.Results Firstly,the level of serum IgA and IgA/C3 were obviously different among the patients with IgAN,patients with non-IgAN and healthy people(P<0.01).Secondly,the serum IgA and IgA/C3 have high specificity and sensitivity when distin-guishing between IgAN and non IgAN. Thirdly,the level of serum IgA and IgA/C3 have significant deference be-tween the patients with Lee Ⅰ-Ⅱ grading and the patients with Lee Ⅲ-Ⅴ grading,while the level of C3 is very similar between different groups in all the three situations mentioned above. Conclusion Our research provides stronge evidence demonstrates that the level of serum IgA/C3 ratio have close relationship with IgAN and they can serve as the reference index when diagnosising and grading IgAN.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of left ventricular rotation and twist in patients with essential hypertension (EH) of different left ventricular configurations by 3-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE). METHODS: A total of 106 EH patients were divided into 4 groups: a left ventricular normal configuration (LVN) group (n=30), a concentric remodeling (CCR) group (n=31), a concentric hypertrophy (CCH) group (n=29), an eccentric hypertrophy (ECH) group (n=16), and a control group of 30 healthy subjects. The parameters of LVEF, peak basal rotation (Prot-B), peak apical rotation (Prot-A), left ventricular peak apical rotation (LV-rot), and left ventricular peak apical twist (LV-tw) were compared. RESULTS: The left ventricular mass index in the EH groups, which kept increasing, was higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, LVN and ECH group, the left ventricular posterior wall thickness, interventricular septum at end-diastole, and relative wall thickness significantly increased in the CCH and CCR group (P<0.05). LVEF showed no significant difference among the normal control, LVN, CCR and CCH group (P>0.05), but LVEF was lower in the ECH group than in other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, Prot-B, Prot-A, LVrot and LVtw were significantly higher in the LVN, CCR and CCH group (P<0.05), but decreased in the ECH group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION 3D-STE can evaluate the left ventricular rotation and twist in EH patients with different configurations, and reflect changes in the left ventricular systolic function in EH of different configurations.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Remodeling ; physiology

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and changing trend of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in Beijing from 2009 to 2018, and to provide scientific basis for health and education departments to work out effective measures to prevent and control overweight and obesity among adolescents. Methods: The physical examination data of 700 588 high school seniors in Beijing from 2009 to 2018 were selected to describe the distribution characteristics of the detection rate of overweight and obesity, and to analyze whether there are differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among different genders and regions. Results: From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence rate of total overweight and obesity of high school seniors in Beijing showed an increasing trend by year ( χ 2=3.58, P <0.01). After 2016, the rising trend was more stable, and it declined for the first time in 2018. The prevalence of overweight ( χ 2=6 681.34, P <0.01) and obesity ( χ 2=15 663.08, P <0.01) were higher in male than in female. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban students was higher than that in suburban students (29.55%,27.95%; χ 2=211.43, P < 0.01 ), the prevalence of obesity in urban students was higher than that in suburban students from 2009 to 2013, and the prevalence of obesity in suburban students was higher than that in urban students from 2014 to 2018. The districts and counties with the highest detection rates of overweight and obesity are Shijingshan District (overweight: 19.06%, obesity: 13.99%), and the districts and counties with the lowest detection rates of overweight and obesity are Yanqing District (overweight: 13.48%, obesity: 7.18%). Conclusion From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school seniors in Beijing has been increasing by year, and tends to be stable after 2016. Significant upward trend in obesity prevalence in suburban areas of Beijing has been observed.

At present, diabetes mellitus has become an increasingly serious disease which affects public health in the word. Clinical treatment of diabetes is mainly based on oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin injections and lifestyle interventions (diet and exercise) . The new intervention method targeting intestinal microflora opens up new ideas for diabetes treatment. This article reviews the application of new intestinal microbial therapy (probiotic treatment, oral prebiotics/synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) and treatment by regulating intestinal microflora (bariatric surgery, antibiotic therapy and traditional Chinese medicine) in diabetes. This article also summarized the nursing intervention based on intestinal microbial therapy so as to improve the understanding of the relationship between intestinal microflora and diabetes, and provide a reference for treatment and nursing care for type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore the relationship of quality of life with optimisms and sense of coherence in adult kidney transplant recipients. Method A total of 295 kidney transplant recipients participated in the study by a self-designed general questionnaire, revised life orientation test (LOT-R), sense of coherence (SOC-13) and the MOS 36-item short form health survey (MOS SF-36). Results The mean score of mental health scale (PCS) was 47.02±7.30, which differed with different age, employment status and transplant vintage (P ＜0.01). The mean score of phyical health scale (MCS) was 46.87 ±11.14, which differed with education, economic burden and transplant vintage (P ＜0.05). PCS and MCS were positively correlated with the total score of sense of coherence (52.05％) and optimism (23.45％) (P＜0.001). Optimism played a partially mediating role in the relationship between sense of coherence and quality of life. Conclusions The quality of life of kidney transplant recipients needs to be improved, which was at a low level.Optimism (medium to high level) and sense of coherence (medium to low level) are influencing factors of the quality of life. Improving accessment of mental state of patients with kidney transplant receients, paying more atentent and support to their mental change can improve their optimism and sense of coheherce and then life quiality.

To report a case of onychocytic carcinoma in China. A 76-year-old female patient presented with a subnail mass on her left thumb for 3 years. Skin examination showed thickening of the left thumb plate whose surface was partially yellow and black in color, slight curving of the distal plate, obvious telangiectasia under the nail plate, and verrucous hyperplasia under the nail plate and at the lateral edge of the nail plate. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor grew and infiltrated downward in clumps, with obvious keratosis and necrosis in the center of the mass, and many "squamous vortex" structures, atypical cells, and pathological mitotic figures could be seen. Immunohistochemical study revealed that HK31 and HK85 were positively expressed in the squamous vortex region, K6/K16 was positively expressed in the basal part of the tumor, and HK75 was strongly expressed in the whole tumor region. The diagnosis of onychocytic carcinoma was confirmed. The patient received surgical excision combined with 3 sessions of photodynamic therapy, and no recurrence was observed during 18 months of follow-up.

Objective:To examine the effects of Zishenwan Prescription on bile acid metabolism in mice with diabetic encephalopathy; To explore its mechanism of improvement of diabetic encephalopathy.Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were used to replicate the mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus by using high-fat chow and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (120 mg/kg). The mice were screened for diabetic encephalopathy by using the Morris water maze test after 8 weeks of continuous stimulation with hyperglycemia, and were divided into model group and Zishenwan Prescription group according to random number table method, with 12 mice in each group. The mice in the Zishenwan Prescription group were treated with the crude extract of Zishenwan Prescription (9.36 g/kg) by gavage, and the normal group and the model group were treated with the same volume of distilled water once a day for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, Morris water maze test was used to investigate the cognitive function of diabetic encephalopathy mice; cresyl violet staining was used to detect the number of granule neurons in the hippocampus; serum and feces were collected to detect the content of bile acids by liquid-liquid coupling; hepatic bile acid synthase CYP7a1 and CYP27a1, farnesol X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), and ileocecal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter protein (ABST) mRNA levels were detected by using fluorescence quantitative PCR assay.Results:Compared with the model group, mice in the Zishenwan Prescription group had shorter evasion latency time ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), decreased time to first reach the platform ( P<0.01), increased number of times to traverse the platform ( P<0.01), and reduced neuronal cell damage in hippocampal area; mice in the Zishenwan Prescription group showed decreased serum and fecal total bile acid content ( P<0.05 or P<0.01); the liver CYP7a1 and CYP27a1 mRNA expressions increased ( P<0.01), and FXR and FGF15 mRNA expressions decreased ( P<0.01); ileal ABST mRNA expression decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Zishenwan Prescription may regulate bile acid metabolism, inhibit FRX-FGF15/FGFR4 signaling and ABST expression to promote new bile acid synthesis and conjugated bile acid reabsorption, and thus improve cognitive function in diabetic encephalopathy mice.