Through collecting the economic operation information of the society-run blood purification institutionrs,the cost is divided into fixed cost,variable cost and mixed cost according to the relationship between the cost and the number of dialysis.It formulated the standard cost model of blood purification institutions,according to the county and city classification,the basic situation of the size and capacity of the organization were assumed.It mainly included standard labor costs,standard drug costs,standard health materials fees and standard professional equipment depreciation and other information,which was benefitial for industry decision-making and internal fine management.

Objective:Through the closed loop management mode,it realized the whole process of material information could be traced back,especially in the medical business level.Methods:Based on the requirement of management accounting,the integrated accounting and business information were in accordance with management accounting.Results and Conclusion:It set up different management nodes in the closed loop of the materials,such as medicine,sanitary materials and test reagents,so as to get the relevant information.The problems of the extensive management of materials could be solved to improve the efficiency of the management of hospital materials.

Objective　The aim of this paper was to investigate endothelial dysfunction，platelet activation, and inflammation in elderly hypertensive patients and those complicated with cerebral infarction. Methods　Twenty-eight elderly hypertensive patients complicated with cerebral infarction(within 72 hours after onset of neurological symptoms),thirty-one Stage Ⅰ～Ⅱelderly hypertensive patients and twenty-eight elderly healthy individuals were selected as subjects.Their plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor(vWF), alpha granule membrane protein-140(GMP-140), and serum concentrations of C-reaction protein(CRP) were examined. Results　Elderly hypertensive patients complicated with cerebral infarction had significantly higher plasma vWF, GMP-140, and serum CRP than elderly hypertensive patients and elderly healthy individuals. Plasma vWF and GMP-140 were higher in elderly hypertensive patients than elderly healthy individuals, whereas serum CRP was increased slightly and there was no significant difference between elderly hypertensive patients and elderly healthy individuals. Conclusion　This study suggests that elderly hypertensive patients complicated with cerebral infarction have obvious endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and inflammatory change. Stage Ⅰ～Ⅱ elderly hypertensive patients have obvious endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation as well.

Objective: To study the quality of life (QOL) and its influencing factors of elderly hospitalized terminal patients. Methods: The scale of Life Quality, Social Support Inventory, Life Satisfaction Index A(LSIA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HAD), degree of pain (Verbal Report Scale, VRS) and Activities of Daily Living(ADL) were administered in 152 elderly hospitalized terminal patients. Results: 1)The total score of each scale was QOL 36.9?7.4, ADL56.27?34.5,Social Support 40.0?6.3, HAD(A)8.9?4.1,HAD(D)11.2?4.9,LSIA 11.6?3.9?2)Pearson's correlation showed that QOL scores were negatively correlated with degree of pain (r=-0.54,P

Objective To investigate any potential and independent demographic and serologic risk factors contributing to bone destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) . Methods A total of 445 patients with RA were recruited in this study. Three autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor ( RF) , anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody ( anti-CCP antibody) and anti-citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 antibody ( anti-CEP-1 antibody) were quantified by using specific ELISA kits. The hand radiographs of all subjects were graded by using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score ( Sharp score) . The potential and in-dependent risk factors were assessed by using univariate linear regression analyses and the stepwise multiple regression analysis, respectively. Results Based upon the univariate regression analyses, 7 covariates were identified as the potential risk factors for bone destruction in patients with RA, which were female (β=0. 100, P=0. 035), longer disease duration (β=0. 498, P=3. 26×10-29), RF (β=0. 096, P=0. 042), younger age at onset (β=-0. 312, P=1. 60 × 10-11 ), anti-CCP antibody positive (β=0. 202, P=1.74×10-5), anti-CEP-1 antibody positive (β=0.148, P=0.017) and positive for either anti-CCP or anti-CEP-1 antibodies (β=0. 157, P=1. 42×10-3). However, smoking (β=-0. 121, P=0. 018) were identi-fied as the potential protective factors. The multiple regression analysis indicated that the longer disease du-ration (P=2. 24×10-15) and anti-CCP antibody positive (P=0. 012) were independent risk factors for bone destruction. Conclusion Female, longer disease duration, younger age at onset, RF, anti-CCP and anti-CEP-1antibodies are potential risk factors for bone damage in patients with RA. Moreover, longer disease du-ration and anti-CCP antibody are two independent risk factors contributing to bone destruction in RA.

Objective To translate the Symptom Intrusiveness Rating Scale and test its reliability and validity. Methods The scale was modified based on translation, back-translation and cross-culture adaptation. Ninety-five patients were recruited from wound&stoma clinic of one upper first-class hospital. the questionnaire were tested by internal reliability and test-retest for reliability and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for validity. Results The coefficient of Cronbach α was 0.823 and the retest reliability was 0.893. The content validity index was 0.871. Three factors, which were F1:functional status, F2: social relations, F1: mental health, were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and they could explain 78.53% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model and fit indices c 2/df=1.061, GFI=0.903, RMSEA=0.065, NFI=0.932, IFI=0.996. The Chinese version of SyIRS was moderately related with SF-36v2 physical subscales (r=-0.42, P<0.01), and mental subscales (r=-0.45, P<0.01). Conclusions The Chinese version of Symptom Intrusiveness Rating Scale is a reliable and valid instrument, which is applicable to assess the patient’s quality of life associated with chronic wound related pain.

[Objective]To sort out and summarize the theory of nourishing Yin of ZHU Danxi and ZHANG Jingyue,and discuss the similarities and differences of two doctors'understanding of Yin deficiency and the treatment method of nourishing Yin.[Methods]Through the research method of documentics,this paper carefully studies the contents related to"Yin deficiency"in the major works of ZHU Danxi and ZHANG Jingyue,as well as relevant literature reports and analyzes the similarities and differences of the theory of nourishing Yin,classification of Yin deficiency and the treatment method of nourishing Yin between them.[Results]ZHU Danxi's treatment of Yin deficiency syndrome was based on the theory of"an excess of Yang with deficiency of Yin""ministerial fire(Xianghuo)".He took the hyperactivity of ministerial fire as the main pathogenesis of Yin deficiency syndrome.In the treatment method,he paid attention to reducing fire,and made good use of the bitter and cold products such as Anemarrhenae Rhizoma(Zhimu)and Cortex Phellodendri(Huangbai),and paid equal attention to nourishing Yin and reducing fire.ZHANG Jingyue,on the basis of the theory that"Yin and Yang are one"and"true Yin was the foundation of Yang Qi",believed that the deficiency of true Yin can lead to Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency,and proposed that Yin deficiency had two aspects:water deficiency in Yin and fire deficiency in Yin.In the treatment method,nourishing true Yin by the sweet and warm medicines such as Radix Rehmanniae Preparata(Shudihuang)was emphasized,and Yin Yang mutual aid was advocated.[Conclusion]Whether it is the thought of nourishing Yin or the specific treatment and prescription,ZHANG Jingyue inherited and made a breakthrough on ZHU Danxi.He further improved the theory of nourishing Yin and the theory of warm-recuperation in traditional Chinese medicine,and created a series of prescriptions based on nourishing true Yin.It is of great significance to study the similarities and differences of their thought,theory,clinical symptoms and treatment for sorting out the development context of the treatment method of nourishing Yin.

Currently, the value of adjuvant therapy after radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains elusive. Some studies have reported that radiotherapy can improve the locoregional control rate and overall survival of patients. However, the design of radiotherapy target area, intervention time and dose of radiotherapy are controversial. In this article, literature review was conducted and the current status and controversy of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed.

Objective To explore the value of serum IgA,serum C3 and IgA/C3 ratio in the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of IgA nephropathy,which provide new insight for the alternatives of renal biopsy. Methods In the first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University,60 patients with IgAN,60 patients with non-IgAN and 40 healthy people were detected by blood biochemical indexes and immune indexes,such as the Urea,serum IgA and serum C3,IgA/C3 ratio. According to the healthy condition and Lee grading,we divided all the 160 patients into different groups. By comparing the blood biochemical indexes and immune indexes among these different groups,we investigated the relationship between the serum IgA/C3 ratio and the IgAN.Results Firstly,the level of serum IgA and IgA/C3 were obviously different among the patients with IgAN,patients with non-IgAN and healthy people(P<0.01).Secondly,the serum IgA and IgA/C3 have high specificity and sensitivity when distin-guishing between IgAN and non IgAN. Thirdly,the level of serum IgA and IgA/C3 have significant deference be-tween the patients with Lee Ⅰ-Ⅱ grading and the patients with Lee Ⅲ-Ⅴ grading,while the level of C3 is very similar between different groups in all the three situations mentioned above. Conclusion Our research provides stronge evidence demonstrates that the level of serum IgA/C3 ratio have close relationship with IgAN and they can serve as the reference index when diagnosising and grading IgAN.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of left ventricular rotation and twist in patients with essential hypertension (EH) of different left ventricular configurations by 3-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE). METHODS: A total of 106 EH patients were divided into 4 groups: a left ventricular normal configuration (LVN) group (n=30), a concentric remodeling (CCR) group (n=31), a concentric hypertrophy (CCH) group (n=29), an eccentric hypertrophy (ECH) group (n=16), and a control group of 30 healthy subjects. The parameters of LVEF, peak basal rotation (Prot-B), peak apical rotation (Prot-A), left ventricular peak apical rotation (LV-rot), and left ventricular peak apical twist (LV-tw) were compared. RESULTS: The left ventricular mass index in the EH groups, which kept increasing, was higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, LVN and ECH group, the left ventricular posterior wall thickness, interventricular septum at end-diastole, and relative wall thickness significantly increased in the CCH and CCR group (P<0.05). LVEF showed no significant difference among the normal control, LVN, CCR and CCH group (P>0.05), but LVEF was lower in the ECH group than in other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, Prot-B, Prot-A, LVrot and LVtw were significantly higher in the LVN, CCR and CCH group (P<0.05), but decreased in the ECH group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION 3D-STE can evaluate the left ventricular rotation and twist in EH patients with different configurations, and reflect changes in the left ventricular systolic function in EH of different configurations.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Remodeling ; physiology