Objective To explore the value of serum IgA,serum C3 and IgA/C3 ratio in the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of IgA nephropathy,which provide new insight for the alternatives of renal biopsy. Methods In the first affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University,60 patients with IgAN,60 patients with non-IgAN and 40 healthy people were detected by blood biochemical indexes and immune indexes,such as the Urea,serum IgA and serum C3,IgA/C3 ratio. According to the healthy condition and Lee grading,we divided all the 160 patients into different groups. By comparing the blood biochemical indexes and immune indexes among these different groups,we investigated the relationship between the serum IgA/C3 ratio and the IgAN.Results Firstly,the level of serum IgA and IgA/C3 were obviously different among the patients with IgAN,patients with non-IgAN and healthy people(P<0.01).Secondly,the serum IgA and IgA/C3 have high specificity and sensitivity when distin-guishing between IgAN and non IgAN. Thirdly,the level of serum IgA and IgA/C3 have significant deference be-tween the patients with Lee Ⅰ-Ⅱ grading and the patients with Lee Ⅲ-Ⅴ grading,while the level of C3 is very similar between different groups in all the three situations mentioned above. Conclusion Our research provides stronge evidence demonstrates that the level of serum IgA/C3 ratio have close relationship with IgAN and they can serve as the reference index when diagnosising and grading IgAN.

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) have become a high risk population of HIV infection due to their risky sexual behaviors. The latent pattern of psychosocial characteristics plays an important effect in HIV-related risky behaviors among HIV-negative MSM. METHOD: Participants were recruited from Wuhan, Nanchang, and Changsha city from September 2017 to January 2018. Social support was assessed by the multidimensional scale of social support, Connor-Davidson Resilience scale-10 items for reliance, the assessment of Stigma towards Homosexuality for sexual minority stigma, the Likert subscale of nondisclosure for identity concealment, the ACE questionnaire-Kaiser-CDC for adverse childhood experience, the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for depression. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Three psychosocial characteristic patterns were revealed by the LPA. "Social support and resilience group" (SR group), "Identity concealment group" (IC group) and "Adverse childhood experience" (ACE group) were identified, respectively. In comparison with "SR group", "IC group" have a higher likelihood of one-night male partners (AOR = 2.74, 95%CI = [1.54, 4.90]), both fixed and one-night male partners (AOR = 2.01, 95%CI = [1.34, 3.01]) and HIV-unsure male partner (AOR = 2.12, 95%CI = [1.44, 3.13]). Similarly, "ACE group" were more likely having inconsistent condom use (AOR = 2.58, 95%CI = [1.41, 4.73]), and having sex with HIV-positive male partner (AOR = 4.90, 95%CI = [1.95, 12.30]) with comparison of "SR group". In addition, we further revealed that "ACE group" had a higher ratio (90.0%) of inconsistent condom use among MSM whose male partners were HIV-positive. CONCLUSIONS Six important psychosocial factors were divided into three latent pattern classes. Compared with "SR group", "IC group" and "ACE group" were more likely to engage in HIV-related risky sexual behaviors. Further research may pay more attention to "IC group" and "ACE group" for targeted intervention.
Humans ; Male ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Homosexuality, Male/psychology* ; Risk Factors ; Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology* ; Sexual Behavior/psychology*