Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopy department of county hospitals in China, and to improve the construction quality of the endoscopy department of county hospitals.Methods:County hospitals from 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in 2019 were investigated in this study through an online survey. Questions were about the department scale, basic information of the endoscopy center, clinical diagnosis and treatment ability, teaching and academic ability.Results:A total of 114 county hospitals were included. The department of gastroenterology in county hospitals owned 38.9 beds, 8.6 doctors and 6.4 nurses on average in 2019. The mean host and endoscope were 3.1 and 11.0 respectively in each center. The mean outpatient, discharge and endoscopy procedure were 22 thousand , 2.3 thousand and 7.8 thousand respectively. The referral rate of 53 (46.5%) hospitals to higher-level hospitals was less than 3%. In terms of teaching and academy, 5 (4.4%) in 114 hospitals had endoscopist training bases of Chinese Medical Association. Fifty-two (45.6%) county hospitals hosted academic conferences at the city level and above, 21 (18.4%) published SCI papers and 67 (58.8%) published papers in key Chinese journals.Conclusion:Endoscopy centers of most county hospitals are well constructed with comprehensive facilities, qualified medical ability, management, and a research team, which meets the recommendation level of service.

L-asparaginase (L-ASN) is widely applied in the treatment of malignant tumor and low-acrylamide food production, however, the low expression level hampers its application. Heterologous expression is an effective strategy to increase the expression level of target enzymes, and Bacillus is generally used as the host for efficient production of enzymes. In this study, the expression level of L-asparaginase in Bacillus was enhanced through optimization of expression element and host. Firstly, five signal peptides (SP_SacC, SP_AmyL, SP_AprE, SP_YwbN and SP_WapA) were screened, among which SP_SacC showed the best performance, reaching an activity of 157.61 U/mL. Subsequently, four strong promoters (P43, P_ykzA-P43, P_Ubay and P_bacA) from Bacillus were screened, and tandem promoter P_ykzA-P43 showed the highest yield of L-asparaginase, which was 52.94% higher than that of control strain. Finally, three Bacillus expression hosts (B. licheniformis Δ0F3 and BL10, B. subtilis WB800) were investigated, and the maximum L-asparaginase activity, 438.3 U/mL, was reached by B. licheniformis BL10, which was an 81.83% increase compared with that of the control. This is also the highest level of L-asparaginase in shake flask reported to date. Taken together, this study constructed a B. licheniformis strain BL10/P_ykzA-P43-SP_SacC-ansZ capable of efficiently producing L-asparaginase, which laid the foundation for industrial production of L-asparaginase.
Bacillus licheniformis/metabolism* ; Asparaginase/genetics* ; Bacillus/genetics* ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics* ; Bacillus subtilis/genetics* ; Bacterial Proteins