Objective : To explore the significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) underlining the molecular biological pathogenesis of Uyghur type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by observing the difference of circRNAs expression in the peripheral blood of Uyghur T2DM patients. Methods : High⁃throughput nucleotide sequencing was utilized to screen out differentially expressed circRNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 5 Uyghurs volunteers with healthy adults and 5 Uyghurs with T2DM. To further verify the differentially expressed circRNAs , additional samples from 20 NC Uyghur volunteers and 22 T2DM Uyghur patients were analyzed by real⁃time fluorescent quantitative⁃PCR(RT⁃qPCR) . Results : A total of 134 differentially expressed circRNAs were screened out by high⁃throughput nucleotide sequencing , of which 87 were up⁃regulated and 47 were down⁃regulated. hsa⁃circ⁃0139634 and has⁃circ⁃0005414 were obviously up⁃regulated and hsa⁃circ⁃0032491 and hsa⁃circ⁃0002922 were obviously down⁃regulated and they were selected for further verification by RT⁃qPCR of the additional samples. The study found that the differential expression of hsa⁃circ⁃0139634、hsa⁃circ⁃0032491、hsa⁃circ⁃0002922 in peripheral blood samples was statistically significant , which was consistent with the sequencing results. Among them , the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of hsa⁃circ⁃0139634 was 0. 935 [95% confidence interval(0. 884 - 1. 000) , P< 0. 001] , Youden index was 0. 867 , sensitivity was 1. 000 , specificity was 0. 867 and cutoff value was 0. 169;the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of has⁃circ⁃0005414 was 0. 575[95% confidence inter⁃ cutoff value was 5. 749 ; the area under the ROC curve of hsa circ 0032491 was 0. 316[95% confidence interval(0. 086 - 0. 440) , P = 0. 017] , Youden index was 0. 056 , sensitivity was 1. 000 , specificity was 0. 056 and cutoff value was 0. 230 ; the area under the ROC curve of hsa⁃circ⁃0002922 was 0. 263[95% confidence interval(0. 078- 0. 428) , P = 0. 014] , Youden index was 0. 080 , sensitivity was 0. 955 , specificity was 0. 125 and cutoff value was 0. 011 . Conclusion Uyghur T2DM patients and NC populations have differentially expressed circRNAs profiles. Of note , hsa⁃circ⁃0139634 has potential value in the molecular biological pathogenesis of Uyghur T2DM.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. The metabolic changes of atrial myocytes, especially lipid metabolism, have a significant impact on the electrical signals and structural remodeling of atrial tissue, and play an important role in the occurrence and development of AF. The reduction of fatty acid oxidation ratio and increased aerobic glycolysis ratio are characteristic changes of tissue metabolic remodeling in AF. In this review, we will introduce the latest research status of lipid metabolism in AF from aspects of AF metabolism, clinical treatment and diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective: To study the effect of growth differentiation factor (GDF) 11-silenced bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on bone regeneration in early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats. Methods: After GDF11 expression in BMSCs was inhibited by siRNA, the knockdown efficiency and transfection cytotoxicity were detected. The further experiments both in vitro (n=3) and in vivo (n=8) were divided into 4 groups respectively: blank control group (without any intervention), model group (glucocorticoid treatment), experimental group (siRNA transfection and glucocorticoid treatment) and negative control group (negative control transfection and glucocorticoid treatment). The BMSCs were induced into osteogenic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were applied to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation ability of the cells while reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect the relative expression levels of osteogenic markers. The osteogenesis in the necrotic femoral head was evaluated by microCT, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry staining and biomechanical test. Results: No transfection cytotoxicity was found (P>0.05). The ALP staining and alizarin red staining showed that the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the experimental group was better than that in the model group. At the level of mRNA, the relative expression of ALP, runt-related transcription factor (Runx) 2, osteocalcin (OCN) and type Ⅰ collagen (α1) (COL1A1) in the blank control group (1.00±0.09, 1.02±0.23, 1.03±0.30 and 1.02±0.25, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the model group (0.46±0.11, 0.50±0.11, 0.35±0.01 and 0.57±0.02, respectively) but significantly lower than those in the experimental group (1.97±0.30, 0.94±0.19, 1.50±0.18 and 1.28±0.37) (all P<0.05). MicroCT images and quantitative analysis showed that the bone mass in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with the model group (P<0.05). Histological examination showed better bone regeneration and higher expression of Runx2 and COL1 in the necrotic femoral head in the experimental group than in the model group. Improved biomechanical properties were shown in the experimental group compared with the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions Silence of GDF11 expression may alleviate the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoid on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Early transplantation of GDF11-silenced BMSCs may promote osteogenesis in the necrotic femoral head in rats.

On January 22, 2020, China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR), an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integra-tion of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline. Of particular note, 2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale. It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate, and congregates the quality score, functional annotation,and population frequency for each variant. Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available. Moreover, 2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC. Furthermore, by linking with relevant databases in CNCB, 2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes, and data sharing with NCBI. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences, variants, hap-lotypes, and literature for a timely reflection, making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community. 2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.

[Objective] To explore the clinical features of IgG4-related urinary diseases so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. [Methods] The clinical data of 4 cases of IgG4-related urinary system diseases diagnosed and treated in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University during Aug.2019 and Dec.2023 were retrospectively collected.Here, we report on the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, analysing their symptoms, serology, imaging and pathology as well as their treatment and outcomes. [Results] The patients included 2 male and 2 female.The lesions were involved with the retroperitoneum and urinary system.Three patients had symptoms of lumbar pain.The imaging manifestations were complex, including retroperitoneal mass involving urinary system organs in 2 cases, tabdense shadow of the right kidney in 1 case, and simple cystic mass of kidney in 1 case.Serum IgG4 value was not detected before surgery.All patients underwent radical surgical treatment.Postoperative pathology showed fibrous tissue hyperplasia with a large number of plasma cells, lymphocytes, a few neutrophil infiltrates, and lymphoid follicles and obliterated vasculitis in some specimens.The number of IgG4⁺ plasma cells was more than 10 in all tissues under high power microscope.After surgery, 3 patients had symptoms improved, and serum IgG4 value was within the normal range; 1 patient (patem 3) had elevated IgG4 value during follow-up, received subsequent hormone therapy, and the serum IgG 4 level remained stable. [Conclusion] The symptoms of IgG4-related diseases involving the urinary system are non-specific, and the imaging findings are various, easily confused with other diseases.Early detection of serum IgG4 and biopsy pathology can help clinicians make correct diagnosis in the early stage.