The evaluation of vaginal microecology has certain advantages in the accurate and rapid diagnosis of single vaginitis and mixed vaginal infections,which can reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.Moreover, this evaluation can guide the application of vaginalmicroeclogial modulators after treatment for vaginitis.At present, the currentevaluation of vaginal microecology is mainly based on morphology mainly, and supplemented by functional testing.However, functional testing needs regulation and quality control,and further clinical research is needed for the diagnosis of vaginal infections based on microbial metabolites alone.(Chin J Lab Med,2018,41:256-258)

Objective To analyze the value of vaginal microecological detection in evaluating therapeutic effect of simple vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC), and explore microecological factors which can affect the cure rate of simple VVC.Methods 75 patients with simple VVC in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled.Vaginal secretion was collected and applied for vaginal microecological detection.The patients were treated with clotrimazole based monotherapy later. The relationship between vaginal microecological characters and therapeutic effects was analyzed.Results PH values,leukocyte counts,flora density,flora diversity,small bacilli and cocci counts had no influence on therapeutic effects(P>0.05).The cure rate of patients with lactobacillary gradesⅠ-Ⅱa was higher than that with lactobacillary gradesⅡb-Ⅲ(83.33% vs 53.33%,P=0.033), while lower with lactobacilli≤22.8/hpf than that with lactobacilli >22.8/hpf(59.26% vs 87.50%,P=0.007), which indicate that lactobacilli counts was the main factor that affects therapeutic effects.Conclusions Vaginal microecological detection plays an important role in predicting the therapeutic effect of simple VVC.For the patients with lower lactobacillus counts,the follow-up after treatment should be strengthened.(Chin J Lab Med,2018, 41:292-295)

Lactic acid is the main substance produced by Lactobacillus and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy vaginal microecology. Recent studies indicates that both L- and D-chiral isomers of lactic acid can be protonated and destroy the cell membranes of pathogens, thereby inhibiting bacterial vagi-nosis- and aerobic vaginitis-related pathogens. Lactic acid also can inhibit the pathogens of sexually transmit-ted diseases such as Chlamydia trachomatis and human immunodeficiency virus. Moreover, lactic acid acts as an immunomodulator to inhibit the inflammatory responses caused by pathogenic microorganisms and as an epigenetic regulator regulating gene expression in vaginal epithelial cells. In this paper, we reviewed the pro-gress in lactic acid-mediated maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiology in recent years for providing ref-erence for further research.

Abstract In recent years, the prevention and treatment of eye diseases in children has become one of the worldwide recognized public health issues. Both genetic and environmental factors can influence the development of offspring visual systems, leading to abnormal vision acuity such as refractive errors, strabismus, and nystagmus. With the aim of elucidating the influencing factors and mechanisms of early life adverse exposures on offspring vision outcomes, the article summarizes the research on exposure in early life and visual acuity in offspring from different perspectives, including tobacco exposure during pregnancy, exposure to microelements, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and drug abuse during pregnancy, so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of more effective strategies to prevent and control eye diseases in children and adolescents.

Objective:To analyze the hotspot of sub-health in China for nearly 18 years and understand the research status in this field so as to provide a basis for further research of sub-health.Methods:From January 2001 to April 2019, we took the keyword of papers on sub-health published in core journals of the Chinese Journal Full-text Database as subjects and the co-word cluster analysis as a main research method. Those keywords were carried out the co-word cluster analysis with the Excel, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) SPSS 22.0 as well as the Chinese Medicine Data Association Analysis Platform Software.Results:A total of 408 literatures were screened and 38 high-frequency keywords were extracted. Co-word cluster analysis displayed three hot spots of sub-health in China for nearly 18 years, including the development of sub-health scales, incidence and influencing factors of sub-health, sub-health disease and its intervention methods.Conclusions:At the present stage, sub-health related researches are mature which becomes three stable hot spots. In future studies, we should take the wide application of respondents and the multi-dimensional investigation content into consideration in the development of sub-health scales, and enhance the vertical comparison of different populations in the same district as well as horizontal comparison of different districts in the same population, and deeply dig and test more effective interventions for sub-health.

Objective:To understand the current situation and trend of nursing cost research in China so as to provide a reference for researchers in the field of nursing cost research.Methods:We retrieved literature on nursing cost from January 1, 1990 to December 13, 2019 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) . CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis.Results:A total of 463 related literature were obtained, and the number of publications was on the rise as a whole, and research institutions had little cooperation. Nursing economics, nursing human resources, nursing management, cost analysis were the main research directions at present. Long-term care insurance with the highest emergent word intensity was the research frontier in the field.Conclusions:We should strengthen the cooperation in scientific research institutions, and rely on big data, computers and other means to establish a nursing cost accounting model, and extend the scope of research to communities and homes so as to provide a quantitative basis for Chinese long-term care insurance compensation standards.

Objective:To systematically review the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine compound based on astragalus and angelica on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the traditional Chinese medicine compound based on astragalus and angelica for bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy for malignant tumors were retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, OVID, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Databases. The search period was from the establishment of the database to September 2019. The literatures were screened and the data were extracted independently by two researchers and RevMan 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis.Results:Totally 15 RCTs were included, involving 1 019 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in peripheral blood leukocytes [ SMD=1.32; 95% CI (0.76, 1.89) ; P<0.000 01], platelets [ MD=25.05; 95% CI (8.00, 42.10) ; P=0.004], hemoglobin [ MD=24.14; 95% CI (16.34, 31.94) ; P<0.000 01] and clinical symptoms [ RR=1.38; 95% CI (1.25, 1.52) ; P<0.000 01] between the chemotherapy group, the chemotherapy combined with the western medicine group and the traditional Chinese medicine compound group. Conclusions:The traditional Chinese medicine compound based on astragalus and angelica can improve the level of peripheral blood cells, reduce bone marrow suppression, and improve clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with cancer after chemotherapy. However, due to the low quality of the included literature and the large heterogeneity of some of the results, more rigorously designed high-quality RCTs are needed for further verification.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of AIDS intervention programs on men aged 50 or over and having had non-marital sexual behavior. Methods: A community-based intervention/experimental and based on individual level study was adopted. Stratified sampling method was used. 12 townships/streets in Fuyang district of Hangzhou were identified as intervention or control group (six research sites each). All of the subjects in the township (street) were included. The inclusion criteria of study objects would include men aged 50 or older who reported having unmarried sex in the last year. Estimated sample size was 290, with each 145 in the intervention group and the control group. All the intervention group participants were provided with a total of 4 intervention-related items (knowledge and education on AIDS prevention, information radiation and behavioral change, broadcast expert lectures), every 3 months, for 12 month, the main evaluation indicators would include: incidence of non-marital sex and commercial sex in the last year, condom use when having non-marital sex in the last episode. Results: A total of 312 subjects were recruited. 300 of them completed the baseline study while 284 of them completed the follow-up survey. Among the subjects who had undergone the baseline study, the average age was (65.58±7.89), 71.33% were married or cohabiting with someone, 52.00% having had primary school education. After the implementation of intervention programs, the incidence of non-marital sex dropped to 59.42% (82/138) and the incidence of commercial sex dropped from 79.73% (118/148) to 55.07% (76/138). Condom use rate in the last non-marital sexual contact increased from 19.59% (29/148) to 51.22% (42/82). In the control group, the incidence of non-marital sex in the year before dropped to 74.66% (109/146) and the incidence of commercial sex dropped from 91.45% (139/152) to 72.60% (106/146). Rates of condom use during the last non-marital sexual contact dropped from 32.89% (50/152) to 31.19% (34/109). Statistically, there were significant differences appeared between the two groups on the incidence of non-marital sex in the past year (χ²=7.48, P=0.008), the incidence of commercial sex in the last year (χ²=9.47, P=0.003) and the rate of condom use in the last sex experience (χ²=7.83, P=0.007). Conclusions Results from this intervention study showed that: in the intervention group, both the incidence rates of non-marital or commercial sex had reduced, together with the increase of condom use in non-marital sex in the last sexual experience. Intervention strategies that involving knowledge and education on AIDS prevention, information radiation and behavioral change, broadcasting lectures by experts etc. were all proved effective.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of phillygenin （PHI） on the inflammation in L02 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） and the expression of purinergic 2X7 receptor （P2X7R）， NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3）， and nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） expression. MethodIn this study， the inflammation model was induced in L02 cells by 100 μg·L^-1 LPS treatment for 24 h and 5 mmoL·L^-1 ATP treatment for 5 h. The cells in the PHI groups were cultured with PHI （100， 50， 25 mg·L^-1） for 6 h in the LPS treatment period， followed by LPS treatment for another 18 h. After ATP treatment for 5 h， the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， P2X7R， NLRP3， Caspase-1 precursor （pro-Caspase-1）， cleaved Caspase-1， NF-κB， and NF-κB inhibitor protein α （IκBα） in L02 cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. Molecular docking was used to predict whether P2X7R could bind to PHI， and DCFH-DA was employed to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cells. P2X7R was silenced by small interfering ribonucleic acid （siRNA）， and then the mRNA expression of IL-1β， IL-18， P2X7R， NLRP3， Caspase-1， NF-κB， and IκBα was detected by Real-time PCR. ResultReal-time PCR and Western blot showed that compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased expression of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups showed down-regulated IL-1β， IL-18 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05）. Molecular docking suggested a good binding effect of PHI to P2X7R. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of P2X7R in the model group was significantly up-regulated compared with that in the normal group （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups showed down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of P2X7R （P<0.05）. DCFH-DA results showed that compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased content of ROS （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups decreased the accumulation of ROS （P<0.05）. As demonstrated by Real-time PCR and Western blot， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and cleaved Caspase-1， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB and IκBα （P<0.05）. Real-time PCR analysis showed that compared with the results in the model group， after silencing P2X7R by siRNA， the mRNA expression of IL-1β， IL-18， P2X7R， NLRP3， Caspase-1， NF-κB， and IκBα was decreased （P<0.05）. PHI exerted the same effect， and the mRNA expression was further reduced after the combination of them. ConclusionPHI is presumed to suppress the expression of the NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway by down-regulating upstream P2X7R to alleviate the LPS/ATP-induced inflammation in L02 cells， suggesting that P2X7R may be the target of PHI against inflammation.