Five meroterpenoids, rhodonoids K-M (1-2), daurichromene E (3), and grifolins A-B (4-5), together with seven known compounds (6-12), were isolated from Rhododendron anthopogonoides. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), ultraviolet (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with computed values. Notably, compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. These compounds markedly suppressed the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) while also down-regulating the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Mice ; Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Terpenes/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Interleukin-6/immunology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology*

Objective:To systemically evaluate the characteristics of cytokine levels in intraocular fluid of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Methods:Literature on the detection of cytokine levels in NVG published before June 2022 was searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP).Two investigators independently completed the literature search, inclusion, and data extraction following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Quantitative analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software.Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and effects were combined using the appropriate effect model to complete the meta-analysis. Results:A total of 24 studies were screened, including 771 NVG cases and 727 age-related cataract cases (control group).The standardized mean difference ( SMD) of the combined effect value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mass concentration in the aqueous humor between the two groups was 8.79, with a 95% confidence interval ( CI) of 6.43 to 11.14.The SMD of interleukin-6 (IL-6) between the two groups was 12.50, with a 95% CI of 9.41 to 15.58.The VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humor and vitreous humor were significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).The pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) level in aqueous humor was lower in NVG group than in control group ( SMD: -3.03, 95% CI: -5.50--0.55, P<0.05).The levels of IL-8 ( SMD: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.14-6.85), erythropoietin (EPO) ( SMD: 9.62, 95% CI: 0.44-18.79), placental growth factor (PIGF) ( SMD: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.38-3.86), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ( SMD: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.87-4.87) were all significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-1β level in aqueous humor between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In NVG patients, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, EPO, PIGF, TNF-α levels are obviously increased and PEDF level is obviously decreased.These biomarkers can be used as potential predictors or therapeutic targets for NVG.

Objective? To explore the intervention effects of health education based on precede-proceed model on preventing recurrence in patients with upper urinary calculi. Methods? Totally 110 patients with upper urinary calculi admitted in Lanzhou Military Region General Hospital between January and June 2017 using convenient sampling and divided into the treatment group (n=55) and the control group (n=55) according to the random number table. Patients in the control group received conventional health education, while patients in the treatment group received health education based on precede-proceed model on this basis. Disease-related knowledge scores, health behavior scores and recurrence of disease 12 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. Results? The calculi-related knowledge score and the health behavior score of the treatment group 12 months after discharge were (13.0±1.7) and (127.5±14.8), higher than those of the control group, which were (11.9±1.9) and (120.7±14.3), and there were statistically significant differences (t=-4.940,-2.377; P＜0.05). The recurrence rate of calculi of the treatment group 12 months after discharge was 1.9%, while that of the control group was 12.0%, and there was statistically significant difference (χ2=4.050, P＜0.05). Conclusions? Health education based on precede-proceed model can improve the knowledge level of patients with upper urinary calculi, facilitate their health behavior, and reduce the recurrence rate of calculi.