Objective To determine the distribution of risk factors,the relationship between risk factors and chronic diseases and the order of intervention priorities of high-risk population,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in different population within Xinjiang railway bureau.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to enroll 1 171 employees aged 18 and above from one region administered directly by the railway bureau and two other regions administered by the West Railway Station,on-site questionnaire interview and physical examination were conducted.Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was the highest (380/1 171,32.45％),followed by hypertension (197/1 171,16.82％) and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (75/1 171,6.40％).Age,family history,smoking,drinking,overweight and obesity,lack of physical exercise,unhealthy diet are major risk factors for chronic disease.Among the modifiable risk factors,percentage of subjects with smoking,drinking,overweight and unhealthy eating were 43.55％ (510/1 171),23.57％ (276/1 171),37.66％ (441/1 171) and 32.11％(376/1 171) respectively,the percentage of subjects with physical exercise was 38.60％(452/1 171).There were significant differences in smoking,drinking,obesity,physical exercise and unhealthy diets among different age groups (P＜0.05).In different education level,smoking rate of subjects at high school/ technical secondary school was significantly higher than those of college and above,High school/technical secondary school physical exercise rate is the lowest,36.87％ (212/575),junior college and above the lowest rate of poor diet,26.62％ (127/477).The smoking rate of diesel locomotive drivers,connecting workers are higher than other types of workers,the drinking rate of line workers,train inspection staff are higher than other types of workers,the obesity rate of diesel locomotive drivers,train inspection staff,station attendant are higher than other types of workers,the physical exercise rate of diesel locomotives drivers,conductor,truck inspection staff are lower than other types of workers.Conclusion intervention Priorities for chronic disease should be given to hypertension and dyslipidemia;production and frontline workers are a highcr risk.Intervention should focus on the top-five occupational groups ranked by the distribution of risk factors and prevalence of chronic diseases (diesel locomotive drivers,truck inspection staff,station attendants,train inspection staff and conductor).

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of the comprehensive intervention on prevention of deciduous primary caries in 3-year-old children, so as so provide reference for the prevention, health care and treatment of oral caries. Methods: Three-year-old children selected by drawing lots from 10 public kindergartens in 5 districts of Bengbu were examined in 2021, and were randomly divided into intervention group ( n =300) and control group ( n =300). During the initial examination, caries loss (dmf) including dental caries, missing teeth, filling teeth were assessed in the two groups. At the initial examination, the intervention group received caries intervention while no intervention was administered in the non-intervention group until half a year later. Intervention measures included education, diet, self-cleaning and fluoride application intervention. The number of cases and the mean of caries loss in the two groups were compared by χ 2 test. Results: Before the intervention, 43 children in the control group suffered from caries, with 88 dmf, including 44 dmf for boys and 44 dmf for girls. There were 45 children in the intervention group, with 101 dmf, including 49 dmf for boys and 52 dmf for girls. There was no significant difference in the number of dmf between the intervention group and the control group ( χ 2=0.91, P >0.05), and there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate (15.0%, 14.3%, χ 2=0.05, P >0.05). After the intervention, there were 26 new dental caries and 43 dmf in intervention group, including 25 dmf for boys and 18 dmf for girls. In the control group, there were 83 new dental caries and 168 dmf, including 72 dmf for boys and 96 dmf for girls. Compared with the control group, the new dmf in the intervention group was significantly different ( χ 2=75.38, P < 0.05). The number of new dental caries patients in the intervention group was significantly different from that in the control group ( χ 2=36.42, P <0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive interventions to prevent dental caries can significantly reduce the incidence of primary teeth caries in children. It is suggested to intervene dental caries as early as possible to reduce the incidence of dental caries and other oral diseases.

Objective:To explore the effects of Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage on cellular immune function in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI).Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 96 children in the hospital were enrolled as the observation objects between June 2020 and October 2021. According to random number table method, they were divided into control group (acupoint massage) and observation group (Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage), 48 in each group. All were treated for 8 weeks and followed up for 8 months. TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The levels of CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. The frequency of RRTI attacks during follow-up was observed, and the clinical curative effect was evaluated. Results:There was no significant difference in total response rate between observation group and control group [93.75% (45/48) vs. 81.25% (39/48); χ2=3.43, P=0.064]. After treatment, scores of TCM syndromes (cough, fatigue, shortness of breath and laziness to speak, spontaneous sweating) were significantly lower in observation group than control group ( t=3.95, 9.64, 7.68, 8.34, P<0.01). After treatment, levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 + were increased ( P<0.01), while CD8 + level was decreased in both groups ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). During follow-up, observation group times of recurrence attacks were fewer than those in the control group ( t=10.60, P<0.01). Conclusion:Nie Ji tuina combined with acupoint massage can improve disease resistance ability and reduce RRTI frequency in children.

Objective To investigate the effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on critical patients with non-pulmonary primary disease in the emergency department. Methods The literature of English and Chinese clinical studies on the ECMO treating critical patients with non-pulmonary primary disease published before August 2017 were electronically searched on PubMed, Embase and other databases. The obtained articles were selected, their qualities were strictly evaluated, and the in-hospital survival rate, 3-month, 6-month and 1-year survival rate, as well as the average intensive care unit (ICU) and length of hospital stay were extracted. This meta-analysis were performed using RevMan software (Version 5.0, Cochrane collaboration). Results A total of 11 articles (n=3043) were enrolled including 616 cases of ECMO treatment group and 2427 cases of control group. Fitting results showed that compared with the traditional treatment, application of ECMO can improve the in-hospital survival rate[52.1％(321/616) vs. 32.1％ (780/2427); OR=2.02; 95％CI:1.11-3.67, P=0.02] and the survival rate more than 90 days[42.1％ (61/145) vs. 17.1％ (38/222); OR=3.98; 95％CI:2.30-6.89, P<0.01];and prolong the average length of hospital stay (MD=-5.35, 95％CI:-8.10--2.60, P<0.01) and ICU time(MD=-8.99, 95％CI:-8.20--1.80, P<0.01). Conclusions Meta-analysis of existing studies showed that application of ECMO can improve the short-term and long-term prognosis of critical patients with non-pulmonary primary disease. However, due to the small number of studies and the large heterogeneity of the study population, it is necessary to carry out more, large samples and high quality randomized controlled clinical trials.

Objective:To explore the prognostic predictive value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combined with prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods:Clinical data from 149 HBV-ACLF patients admitted to the infectious diseases Department of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data of the enrolled patients and the initial clinical-related data after admission were collected. Patients were divided into survival (93 cases) and death groups (56 cases) according to their prognostic condition 90 days after discharge. Demographic and clinical differences were compared between the two groups data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to determine the optimal cutoff values for NLR and PNI in predicting the 90-day mortality rate of HBV-ACLF patients. The COX regression model was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the correlation between NLR and PNI and the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to explore the effects of NLR and PNI on the survival of HBV-ACLF patients.Results:The death group NLR was higher than that of the survival group, while the PNI was lower than that of the survival group, with a statistically significant difference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.842, 95% CI: 0.779-0.906) showed patients with adverse prognosis assessed by NLR combined with PNI had a superior prognosis than that of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and its combined serum sodium (MELD-Na) and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores. COX regression analysis showed that NLR≥3.03 and MELD score were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients. PNI > 36.13 was a protective factor for evaluating the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients. Conclusion:NLR combined with PNI can enhance the prognostic predictive value of HBV-ACLF.

Objective:To establish the best preventive measures for inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) based on evidence, in order to reduce the incidence of IPH and reduce various complications in OPCABG patients.Methods:The evidence of preventive measures for IPH in OPCABG patients was systematically searched in major databases at home and abroad. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 31, 2019. Three researchers independently screened and evaluated the literature to obtain the best evidence for the prevention of IPH in patients with OPCABG. Using the cluster sampling method, 29 patients who underwent OPCABG in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January to April 2020 were selected as the control group, while 27 patients who underwent OPCABG from January to April 2021 were selected as the observation group. The differences in body temperature at admission, body temperature at 1 hour after anesthesia, body temperature after leaving the department, minimum intraoperative body temperature, drainage volume in the first 24 hours after surgery, length of stay in ICU and length of hospital stay after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 17 papers were included, and 20 pieces of relevant evidence were obtained. After evaluation by experts, the best evidence suitable for the research environment was selected and applied in clinical practice. The body temperatures at admission of patients in the control group and the observation group were respectively (36.62±0.30) ℃ and (36.49±0.28) ℃, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=2.85, P>0.05) . The body temperature at 1 h after anesthesia, the body temperature after leaving the department and the lowest body temperature during operation were (35.83±0.30) , (36.04±0.49) and (35.50±0.31) ℃ in the control group, and (36.43±0.38) , (36.62±0.27) and (36.21±0.28) ℃ in the observation group, respectively. The difference between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=37.65, 23.76, 58.13; P<0.01) . The incidence of IPH was 93.1% (27/29) in the control group and 11.1% (3/27) in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=34.568, P<0.01) . The drainage volume in the first 24 h after operation in the control group was (260.0±70.3) ml and that in the observation group was (212.1±44.3) ml, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-3.025, P<0.01) . The length of ICU stay and hospital stay in the control group were respectively (49.0±13.4) h and (12.2±3.5) d, while those in the observation group were (39.8±13.8) h and (10.5±2.5) d, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=-2.524, -2.035; P<0.05) . Conclusions:The best preventive measures for inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in patients with OPCABG provide scientific and rigorous procedures and specifications for the prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in this type of surgery, effectively reducing the incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia and maintaining the intraoperative core temperature stability of patients, reduce postoperative bleeding and shorten the length of ICU stay and hospital stay, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective Due to the decline of gastrointestinal function, the intakes of various dietary nutrients in the elderly population are reduced to varying degrees. Among them, the reduction in vitamins and trace mineral elements is relatively greater, resulting in relative increases in the intake of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and an increased risk of development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods In order to reduce the risk of MS in the elderly population, it is necessary to limit the intakes of the three major energy-supplying nutrients, mainly carbohydrates. The effects of vitamins and trace elements on MS are still controversial, and it is recommended to ensure normal intake. Dietary fiber has positive effects on gastrointestinal function, immune response, and glucolipid metabolism. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the intake. Results Mediterranean diet is currently confirmed to have a good effect on the prevention of MS, and the diet consists mainly of beans, nuts, vegetables and fruits, with appropriate intakes of cereals, seafood and dairy products. Plant-based diet based on vegetables, mushrooms and bean products is also beneficial to improving blood glucose and blood lipids, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of MS. Owing to the significant differences in dietary habits, health status and dietary structure among the elderly population in different regions, the significance of single and specific dietary patterns for the prevention of MS is still low. Conclusion It will become a development trend to formulate diversified and individualized dietary regimen through the reasonable increases or limitations of corresponding food intakes according to different individual nutritional levels..

In recent years, treatment of myopia with low-intensity 600-670 nm red light irradiation has attracted extensive attention.A one-year multi-center clinical study in China showed that red light therapy can inhibit axial elongation and the progression of myopia in myopic children.Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism and long-term safety are still to be determined.The longitudinal chromatic aberration theory could explain its effect on retarding myopia in chicks and guinea pigs.However, studies on different species had inconsistent conclusions and even contrary results in primates.The possible mechanisms of its efficacy on myopia control include the temporary increasing choroidal blood flow to mitigate scleral hypoxia, affecting the metabolic signal pathway of cones, stimulating the retina to secrete dopamine through intensive irradiation, affecting circadian rhythm, and stimulating cytochrome C oxidase to reduce oxidative stress to promote cell repair and inhibit apoptosis.In terms of safety, studies revealed the biphasic dose response in red light therapy, that is to say, no adverse event has been reported for low-intensity, low-dose and short-time red light irradiation, but it is necessary to stay alert for photoreceptor cell and retinal pigment epithelium cell damage caused by excessive irradiation.This article reviewed the research progress on the clinical effectiveness, therapeutic mechanism and safety of red light irradiation in the treatment of myopia to provide a theoretical basis for its use in clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)enhanced MRI in preoperative prediction of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters(VETC)pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods A total of 234 patients diagnosed with HCC by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.A total of 101 VETC-positive HCC patients and 133 VETC-negative HCC patients were included.All patients were divided into training group and validation group according to 7︰3.The training group data were used to construct a prediction model for VETC-positive HCC.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to verify the diagnostic efficiency of the model.Calibration curve was drawn to verify the calibration of the model.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis predicted the independent risk factors for VETC-positive HCC:portal phase peripheral washout[odds ratio(OR)6.493],necrosis or severe ischemia(OR 4.756),targetoid transitional phase or hepatobiliary phase(OR 0.307),and lesion to liver signal intensity ratio(LLR)on arterial phase(OR 0.074).The AUC of the training group in predicting VETC-positive HCC was 0.790[95%confidence interval(CI)0.720-0.859].The AUC of the validation group in predicting VETC-positive HCC was 0.779(95%CI 0.668-0.889).The calibration curve diagram showed that the calibration curve(the slope was 0.91)almost coincides with the ideal curve,indicating that the prediction model had better calibration.Conclusion The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI can be used to predict VETC-positive HCC preoperatively,the independent risk factors of VETC include portal phase peripheral washout,necrosis or severe ischemia,targetoid transitional phase or hepatobiliary phase,and LLR on arterial phase.

Objective:To systemically evaluate the characteristics of cytokine levels in intraocular fluid of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Methods:Literature on the detection of cytokine levels in NVG published before June 2022 was searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP).Two investigators independently completed the literature search, inclusion, and data extraction following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Quantitative analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software.Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and effects were combined using the appropriate effect model to complete the meta-analysis. Results:A total of 24 studies were screened, including 771 NVG cases and 727 age-related cataract cases (control group).The standardized mean difference ( SMD) of the combined effect value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mass concentration in the aqueous humor between the two groups was 8.79, with a 95% confidence interval ( CI) of 6.43 to 11.14.The SMD of interleukin-6 (IL-6) between the two groups was 12.50, with a 95% CI of 9.41 to 15.58.The VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humor and vitreous humor were significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).The pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) level in aqueous humor was lower in NVG group than in control group ( SMD: -3.03, 95% CI: -5.50--0.55, P<0.05).The levels of IL-8 ( SMD: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.14-6.85), erythropoietin (EPO) ( SMD: 9.62, 95% CI: 0.44-18.79), placental growth factor (PIGF) ( SMD: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.38-3.86), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ( SMD: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.87-4.87) were all significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-1β level in aqueous humor between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In NVG patients, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, EPO, PIGF, TNF-α levels are obviously increased and PEDF level is obviously decreased.These biomarkers can be used as potential predictors or therapeutic targets for NVG.