Objective To investigate changes in uterine contractility and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) level after salt and alkali load in rats during late pregnancy.Methods A total of 42 pregnant rats were randomly divided into groups given tap water (group A),2％ NaCl solution (group B),or 5％ NaHCO3 solution (group C).Two rats were taken from each of the three groups at 0,12,24,36,48,60,and 72 h,respectively,for arterial blood gas analysis and preparation of uterine muscle strips for muscle tension measurement.The OXTR levels were measured using ELISA.Results There were no significant differences in serum sodium and bicarbonate ion concentrations,muscle tension,or OXTR levels among the groups at 0 h (P ＞ 0.05).At other time points,the sodium ion concentration in group B and group C was significantly higher than in group A (P ＜ 0.05),and bicarbonate ion concentration in group C was higher than in group A and group B (P ＜ 0.05).Muscle tension (including amplitude and frequency) in group B was significantly greater than in group A (except at 72 h) (P ＜ 0.05).The amplitude in group C was higher than in group A at 12,24,and 60 h (P ＜ 0.05),while the frequency was higher than in group A at 48,60,and 72 h (P ＜ 0.05).The OXTR level in group B was significantly higher than in group A (P ＜ 0.05),and was higher in group C than in group A at 12,24,60,and 72 h (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Salt and alkali loading can increase uterine contractility and OXTR levels at 60 h.

Objective To compare changes in signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN),pons and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after multiple administrations of the linear gadolinium-based contrast agent.Methods Clinical and imaging data of forty-nine patients who underwent at least 4 consecutive enhanced MRI examinations were analyzed retrospectively (unenhanced T1-weighted MRI scans were performed before and after consecutive enhanced MRI examinations).The mean SI of DN,pons and CSF were measured on unenhanced T1-weighted images.The SI ratio of DN to pons was calculated by dividing the SI in the DN by that in the pans,and so was The DN to CSF SI ratio.The difference of SI ratio of DN-to-pons and DN-to-CSF in the same patient before and after repeated contrast-enhanced T1WI were analyzed by paired-samples t tests.Linear regression analysis was used to analyze whether the SI ratios of DN-to-pons,DN-to-CSF were correlated with any clinical factor.Results The SI ratios of DN-to-pons and DN-to-CSF after multiple contrast administrations were higher than those before enhancement,and the differences were statistically significant.The SI ratios of DN-to-pons and DN-to-CSF before and after repeated contrast enhancement were 0.98±0.62,1.05 ±0.54;3.89±0.94,4.97±1.61 (t=-8.494,-4.526,P＜0.001).The SI ratio differences showed a significant positive correlation with the number of previous gadolinium-based contrast material administrations (pons:b=0.006,P=0.003,CSF:b=0.144,P=0.009).There was no correlation with any other clinical factors(P＞0.05).Conclusions This study indicates that serial injections of linear gadolinium-based contrast agent may lead to an increase in SI in the DN.

Objective To investigate the transmission of blaNDM-1 gene in carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii. Methods A total of 18 strains of NDM-1-producing C. freundii were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University during the period from June 2012 to October 2014. The isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with VITEK 2 System. Conjugation experiments, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blot hybridization were performed to determine the transferability of plasmids. Results The antibiotic susceptibility results showed that all the NDM-1-producing C. freundii isolates were resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. All isolates exhibited different level resistance to other antibiotics. Conjugation experiments revealed that the plasmids harboring blaNDM-1 in 13 strains were transformed into E. coli 600, and exhibited carbapenem resistance. PFGE and Southern blot hybridization found that blaNDM-1 was located on a 33.3 kb plasmid in 16 isolates and on 33.3-54.7 kb plasmid in 2 isolates. Conclusions Our findings suggest that plasmids contribute to the horizontal dissemination of blaNDM-1 gene in carbapenemresistant C. freundii.

Major public health emergencies have challenged the public health emergency response capacity of rural areas. Through the investigation and research on the epidemic prevention and control situation in a rural area in Hubei, 93 households were randomly sampled by questionnaire survey method, and 10 households were interviewed by the semi-structured interview method. The data were analyzed by cross-analysis and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the main body involved in epidemic prevention and control in rural areas was single, and the epidemic prevention and control measures mostly adopted simple measures such as closed management. It was difficult to implement epidemic prevention and control measures in the village. The village doctors assumed basic medical and health service functions but were not highly motivated. Sanitation facilities were lacking, but the social comprehensive publicity of epidemic prevention and control safety education and infectious disease prevention knowledge was effective. In the post-epidemic era, it is necessary to increase the public health and health awareness of rural residents through strengthen publicity, improve and optimize the rural public health system, build a rural public health community, and enhance village doctors’ professional quality, so as to promote the emergency response capacity of rural public health.