Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in cancer patients with HBV infection during or after chemoradiotherapy can lead to acute liver injury,even death.Antiviral prophylaxis can reduce the occurrence of HBV reactivation and its associated morbidity.However,there is no unified standard to guide antiviral treatment.Therefore,multidisciplinary collaboration and more prospective study should be carried out to identify the individual antiviral treatment plan.

Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) has many special characteristics,such as the clinical manifestation,pathology,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Due to the delay of diagnosis,the survival rate is low and the prognosis is poor.Early diagnosis and comprehensive individualized treatment with operation,radiotherapy and chemotherapy are needed to improve the prognosis of patients and prolong the survival period.

Objective To explore pre-thrombosis state in patients with cor pulmonale and the efficacy of anticoagulant treatment with low molecular heparin(LME). Methods 54 patients with cor pulmonale were divided into LMH treatment group and routine treatment group, each group containing 27 patients. The concentrations of Von Willlebrand factor (VWF),prethrombin F 1+2 fragment(F 1+2 ),Fibrinogen(Fg),granule membrane protein(GMP-140)and D-dimer fragment(DD)were measured before and after treatment. Results The concentrations of WF,F 1+2 ,Fg,GMP-140 and DD in the patients with cor pulmonale were significantly higher than those in the controls. In LMH treatment group, the above indices and PaCO 2 markedly decreased and PaO 2 obviously increased, while in routine treatment group, PaCO 2 and PaO 2 slightly improved, and no change was observed in coagulation indices. Conclusion Early detection and diagnosis of pre-thrombosis state in patients with cor pulmonale and immediate treatment with LMH can be beneficial to the prognosis of these patients in acute stage.

Radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery for breast cancer is an important part of comprehensive therapy,and breast conserving surgery combined with radiotherapy for early stage breast cancer has been widely recognized.Modern radiotherapy techniques including three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) have obtained reasonable application in breast conserving therapy.Radiation reaction and cosmetic result are important factors to evaluate radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery.Radiation reactions and cosmetic results of different radiotheraies are different and each has its own characteristics.

Objective To investigate the reproducibility and consistency in contouring parotid gland volume based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during radiotherapy.Methods Twenty-seven patients with nasopharyngeal cancer in Shandong Cancer Hospital from December 2012 to May 2013 were randomly enrolled and underwent intensified CT and MR imaging before radiotherapy.The parotid gland were contoured with unified standard on both CT and T1-MR images by 11 radiotherapists.Specifically,one radiotherapist sketched the parotid gland on CT and MR images for ten times as intra-group comparison,the other ten were asked to sketch the parotid gland on CT and MR images only once as inter-group comparison.The intra-and inter-group's variations of parotid gland volumes were analysed.Results The average volumes of intra-group on CT and MR images were (33.8 ±9.4) cm3(L),(33.2±7.6) cm3(R) and (24.4 ±7.6) cm3(L),(22.5 ±7.4) cm3(R).As well,for inter-group the average volumes were (34.6 ± 12.1) cm3 (L),(34.3 ± 9.0) cm3 (R) and (24.6 ± 7.6) cm3 (L),(23.2 ± 8.1) cm3(R),respectively.The volume variable ratios on CT images were (6.8 ± 1.5)％ (L),(6.3 ± 1.5) ％ (R) for intra-group and (18.0 ± 4.8) ％ (L),(17.4 ± 4.6) ％ (R) for inter-group.Similarly,the intra-and inter-group ratios for contouring on MR images reached (2.3 ±0.4)％ (L),(2.1 ±0.7)％ (R) and (4.7 ±0.7)％ (L),(5.0±0.6)％ (R),respectively.Conclusion Parotid gland contouring based on MR images has a better reproducibility and consistency than that based on CT images.It is beneficial to get a more objective and true indicator to estimate the radiation injury of parotid gland.

Objective: To investigate the effect of integrin α5 on the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) within an inflammatory microenvironment. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Laboratory animals. After rat PDLFs were treated with LPS (0.5, 5, and 50 µg/mL) for 24 h, the primary medium was discarded and replaced with serum-free culture medium. After 24 h, the supernatant was collected and mixed with DMEM medium containing 10% exosome-free serum at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain conditioned medium (CM). The groups were labeled as the 0.5-CM, 5-CM, and 50-CM groups. In addition, PDLFs cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% exosome-free serum were considered the 0-CM group. PDLFs were cultured with the above CM. In the inhibitor group, PDLFs were cultured in 0-CM containing different concentrations of integrin α5 inhibitor ATN-161 (0, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 25, and 250 μg/mL). The effect of CM and integrin α5 inhibitor ATN-161 on cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. According to the CCK-8 results, in further inhibitor intervention experiments, PDLFs were cultured in 0-CM, 5-CM (without/with 25 μg/mL ATN-161), and 0-CM containing 25 μg/mL ATN-161, which were labeled as the 0-CM, 5-CM, ATN-161+5-CM, and ATN-161 groups, respectively. The expression changes of integrin α5 and NLRP3 were detected using Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques. For in vivo experiments, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=6). The control group contained healthy rats that received no treatment. The rats in the other three groups were injected with 40 µL of 0-CM containing 25 μg/mL ATN-161 or 5-CM (without or with 25 μg/mL ATN-161) on the palatal side of the left maxillary first molar every three days; these groups were classified as the ATN-161, 5-CM, and ATN-161+5-CM groups, respectively. On the 30th day, the left maxillary tissue of rats was used for Micro-CT, HE staining, and immunohistochemical detection. Results : The CCK-8 assay showed that CM, 25 μg/mL ATN-161, and ATN-161 concentrations below 25 μg/mL had no significant effect on cell viability at 12 h and 24 h (P > 0.05). 50-CM and 25 μg/mL ATN-161 significantly inhibited cell viability at 48 h (P < 0.05). For in vitro experiments, compared to the 0-CM group, both the protein and mRNA levels of integrin α5 and NLRP3 were significantly increased in rat PDLFs in the 5-CM group (P < 0.05). Intervention with 25 μg/mL ATN-161 significantly attenuated the enhancement of 5-CM on the expression of integrin α5 and NLRP3 (P < 0.05). For in vivo experiments, compared to the control group, alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly increased in the 5-CM and ATN-161+5-CM groups, and the expression of integrin α5 and NLRP3 was significantly increased (P < 0.01). However, compared to the 5-CM group, the ATN-161+5-CM group had less alveolar bone resorption and fewer periodontal inflammatory cells. Further, the expression of integrin α5 and NLRP3 was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Conclusion In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that integrin α5 mediated NLRP3 expression in PDLFs under an inflammatory microenvironment. ATN-161 inhibited the expression of integrin α5, thus significantly downregulating the expression of NLRP3, which plays a role in inhibiting inflammation.