Objective To investigate the effect of gender differences in distal femoral geometry on the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods From March 2003 to October 2006, 213 cases with 294 osteoarthritic knees who had underwent primary TKA were involved in the study. The study included 87 men (118 knees) and 126 women (176 knees) who had a mean age of 64.4 years. All the cases were assessed with the knee-rating system of Knee Society, the knee range of flexion (ROF), corrected posterior offset (PCO) and anterior condylar offset (ACO) based on sex. Results Each patient had a Minimum of 2 years follow-up. The preoperative Knee Society scores and ROF, the two-year postoperative changes of stability scores and walking ability had no differences between the two groups. While greater improvements of postoperative pain scores and stair-climbing ability were seen in male. Men had better intraoperative ROF than women had ones, but there were no gender differences with regard to the two-year postoperative improvement of ROF. Corrected PCO decreased more markedly in female than in male. Corrected ACO decreased equally in female and male. The difference in the posterior condylar offset after TKA was statistically correlated with the change in pain scores, stair climbing ability and intraoperative ROF, respectively. Conclusion Male had a better outcome than female did after TKA. Femoral components which designed in the light of Caucasian anatomic characteristics couldn't match the native anatomy of distal femurs of Chinese female. Sexual dimorphism in humans and anatomic variations in various ethnic groups should be seriously considered in total knee prosthesis design.

Objective To detail our early experience on a modified two-stage revison using articulating antibiotic-loaded cement spacer (AALCS) for late periprosthetic infection of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods From January 2006 to February 2009,a series of 21 patients (21 knees) underwent twostage revision knee arthroplasty for late infected TKA.There were 8 males and 13 females,aged from 56 to 83 years (average,64.4 years).In the first stage,each patient underwent radical debridement,removal of all components and cement,and implantation of articulating cement spacer containing vancomycin.Graduated knee motion and partial weight bearing activity were encouraged in the interval period.Each patient received an individual systemic organism-sensitive antimicrobial therapy for 4.9 weeks (range,2-8 weeks) followed by a second-stage revision TKA.All the patients were regularly followed-up using the American Knee Society Scoring System.Results All patients were followed up for 17 to 54 months (average,32.2 months).At final follow-up,the knee society score,function score,pain score and range of motion (ROM) of knee were significantly improved compared with those before operation.Meanwhile,there was no significant increase in the degree of extension lag.The average interval period was 11.5 weeks (range,6-32 weeks).No change of bone defect volume was found between two stages.There were no complications such as recurrent infection,hepatic and renal dysfunction,and deep venous thrombosis.Conclusion Treating infected TKA with AALCS can avoid spacer-related bone loss,preserve knee function between two stages,and eradicate infection effectively without significant complications.The early clinical results are inspiring.Radical debridement,individual application of systemic antibiotics,and reasonable juncture for the second revision are all key factors related to a successful outcome.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon autograft for the treatment of the patellar dislocation.Methods From January 2007 to January 2010,16 cases of patellar dislocation were included in this group.Lysholm score was averaged preoperatively.Arthroscopic-assisted in the semitendinosus tendon autograft reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament,the central graft were fixed on the inner edge of the patellar in the upper 1/3 and the mid-point location,the end were fixed on the channel of femoral epicondyle and adductor tubercle.Results All the patients that lined progressive knee rehabilitation after operation,returned to normal walking for 3 months,6 months could be sports.Followed up for 7-54( 26.36 ± 20.48 ) months,all of patients incision were healed as grade Ⅰ,knee function were normal.Postoperative Lysholm score (93.21 ± 4.68) scores compared with preoperative ( 76.53 ± 8.35 ) scores was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Using the semitendinosus tendon autograft for the treatment of the patellar dislocation method is simple and can effectively restore normal patellar trajectory.At the same time,which is an effective surgical method to treat recurrentdislocation of the patellar.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and short-term efficacy of stent on 17 patients with very small intracranial aneurysms.
 METHODS: A total of 17 patients with very small intracranial aneurysms were treated by LVIS stent from October 2014 to November 2015. The location, size of the aneurysms and the branch around aneurysms were evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The metal coverage for aneurysms was enhanced by using deployment technology ("compression" mode). The safety and efficacy were assessed after operation.
 RESULTS: LVIS stents-assisted treatments for very small aneurysms were carried out in 17 cases, including 7 cases of paraclinoid aneurysms, 4 cases of posterior communicating artery aneurysms, 3 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms, 2 cases of carotid bifurcation aneurysms, 1 case of the superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. The stents for 17 patients with very small intracranial aneurysms were released completely (100%); Raymond grade I embolization was seen in 13 cases (76.5%); Raymond grade II embolization was seen in 4 cases (23.5%); during the follow up from a month to a year, 16 patients showed good curative effect (with the mRS score at 0-2), 1 showed poor effect (with the mRS score at 3-6), and the efficacy rate was 94.1%; no perioperative hemorrhagic and ischemic complications happened.
 CONCLUSION LVIS stent-assisted therapy for very small intracranial aneurysms by using deployment technology was safe and feasible, which can significantly improve the embolization rate for very small aneurysms.
Basilar Artery ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Safety ; Stents