Objective To establish the model of traumatic brain injury in rats with controlled cortical impact (CCI), and investigate the features of coma and cognition. Methods 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), sham group (n= 10) and CCI group (n=20). CCI group was impacted at bilateral frontal lobe with the velocity of 3.5 m/s, depth of 7 mm and dwell time of 250 ms. The time of consciousness loss was recorded, and all the rats were investigated with Morris Water Maze 10 and 20 days after operation. Results The time of consciousness loss was longer in the CCI group than in the control group and the sham group (P<0.001). The escape latency was longer in the CCI group than in the control group and the sham group (P<0.001), while the percent of time spend in goal quarter during probe trial was less (P<0.001), both 10 days and 20 days after operation. Conclusion CCI at bilateral frontal lobe of rats can establish the model of severe traumatic brain injury with coma and long-term cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate the method of controlled cortical impact(CCI) on long term cognitive disorder after traumatic brain injury(TBI) and to investigate the possible pathological mechanism.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups:sham surgery group(n =10),control group (n =10) and CCI group(n =40).CCI application was used to make the bilateral frontal lobe controlled cortical impact model (depth:1.5 mm,velocity =3.5 m/s,dwell time =400 ms).Morris water maze test and Nissl's staining was used to assess the cognitive function and pathological changes after 8 weeks of CCI.The expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine protein kinase B (TrkB) mRNA in frontal lobe and hippocampus tissue was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The mortality in CCI group was only 12.5％.Morris water maze test results showed the escape latency in CCI group was longer than that in sham surgery and control groups(F =51.784,P ＜ 0.05).Percent of time spend in goal quarter during probe trial in CCI group was significantly less than that in sham surgery and control groups(F =13.468,P ＜ 0.05).Nissl's staining showed frontal lobe had obviously defects; Nissl's bodies of frontal cortex and CA1 region in hippocampus reduced.The expressions of BDNF and TrkB mRNA in frontal lobe and hippocampus were significantly less than those in sham surgery and control groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The CCI model can be applied for study on long term cognitive disorder after TBI with good stability and repeatability.Using the experimental parameters of CCI can damage the long term cognitive function after TBI in rats,and lead the pathology changes of brain tissue clearly.This may have some relationship with the expressions of BDNF and TrkB mRNA.

Objective To evaluate the value of dual-phase spiral CT scanning in diagnosis of small pancreatic carcinoma.Methods 21 cases with small pancreatic carcinoma (≤2 cm) underwent plain CT scan and dual-phase eahanced spiral CT including arterial phase(20~25 s after infusion)and pancreatic phase(50~60 s after infusion)with a 100 ml bolus injection of contrast material at 3~6 ml/s.CTattenuation values of tumor and normal pancreas in all scanning phase were obtained.Results The mean CT value of tumor was(42?14) HU(arterial phase)and (48?18) HU(pancreatic phase),the mean CT value of normal pancreas was (105?15) HU(arterial phase)and (86?11) HU(pancreatic phase).The dens difference of tumor-pancreas was significantly on arterial phase (69?15) HU.Conclusion The maximum dens difference of tumor-pancreas can be obtained on arterial phase CT scan,it has advantages in diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma of early period and to judge the resectionability of pancreatic carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and gender differences of experimental moderate pain on attentional bias towards pain-related words.MethodsWith the tourniquet around the left upper limb,32 healthy college students were asked to perform two dot-probe tasks including five kinds of pain-related words,one task with the tourniquet deflating and the other task with the tourniquet inflating to 200 mm Hg pressure.The reaction time (RT) and the error rate of recognition task were recorded.The pain intensity and distress were recorded too.Results ( 1 ) Compared with no pain condition ( RT of affective and social-threat words were (507 ± 78 ) ms,(504 ±89 )ms respectively),the react time was shorter in female in the condition of tourniquet pain,particularly for affective and social-threat words (the RT were (464 ± 79 )ms,(465 ± 72 )ms respectively,F ( 1,4) =19.157,P ＜0.01 ),but not in male.( 2 ) In condition of no pain,the reaction time of male ( (456 ± 59) ms ) was shorter than that of female (504 ± 79ms).However,in the condition of pain,the significant main effect was not found.ConclusionThe reacting time of female was shorter in condition of moderate tourniquet pain,which imply that female showed significant attentional bias towards affective and social-threat words.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and imaging findings of lesser trochanter osteoidosteoma,and to discuss the causes of its misdiagnosis as chronic osteomyelitis.Methods The clinical features,X-ray,CT and MRI findings of 6 cases with pathologically confirmed osteoidosteoma in the lesser trochanter were reviewed retrospectively.Symptoms included knee pain (1 case),thigh pain (4 cases)and hip joint pain(1 case);claudication(2 cases),and night pain(1 case).Five patients had right-side,and 1 patient had left-side involvement.All the 6 cases were misdiagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis before operation.Results Four patients had CT scan,which showed intra-cortical niduses at the lesser trochanters with peri-focal sclerosis,joint capsule swelling and joint effusion. Five patients had MRI exams,MR images showed bone marrow edema,synovial thickening,joint capsule swelling and joint effusion in all the 5 cases,but only 2 showed niduses.Six patients had X-ray imaging exams,X-ray images showed bone sclerosis without radiolucent nidus.Conclusion Osteoidosteoma in the lesser trochanter may display atypical clinical features that might be difficult to be differentiated from chronic osteomyelitis without sufficient examination.CT is best in showing niduses,except some niduses with atypical shape,superficial location and high-density calcification.MRI-T2WI is sensitive in showing the inflammation and bone marrow edema with high signal intensity,which may affect nidus displaying.X-ray images can only display bone sclerosis without niduses.

Objective To explore the clinical features and risk factors of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in patients after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods Two hundred and seventy-six patients with mTBI,admitted to our hospital from December 2016 to June 2018,were chosen in our study;114 patients (41.30％) developed PCS.The epidemiological data,causes and sites of brain injury,clinical symptoms,and duration and time of PCS occurrence were investigated.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of PCS in patients with mTBI.Results The most common syndromes of PCS were headache (89.13％),amnesia (63.77％),dizziness (63.04％) and nausea (57.61％).The incidence rate of PCS was 51.75％ in the first month of injury and decreased with time.Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that student (P=0.041,OR=0.36,95％ CI:0.14-0.95),electric bicycle accidents (P=0.043,OR=0.54,95％CI:0.30-0.98),and occipital injury (P=0.022,OR=0.28,95％CI:0.09-0.83) were independent risk factors of PCS of mTBI patients.Conclusion Patients with mTBI,especially those who are students,victims of electric bicycle accidents and victims of occipital injury,should be highly alert to the occurrence of PCS,and need reasonable rest,symptomatic treatments and memory training or other rehabilitation treatments within one month of injury,in order to prevent the development of PCS.

Objective:To explore the effect of the wearable low-level light therapy (LLLT) device on joint pain and knee function in community patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods:From September 2021 to February 2022, the convenience sampling was used to select 57 middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis who met the inclusion criteria from 8 communities in Shijiazhuang as the study subject. The patients were randomly divided into intervention group ( n=27) and placebo group ( n=30) based on the community. The intervention group used wearable LLLT device to treat bilateral knee joints, while the placebo group wore the same phototherapy device, with the same frequency and duration as the intervention group, but did not turn on the light source. The patients were investigated with the Graphical Knee Osteoarthritis Patient Self-assessment Questionnaire and knee function test, and the joint pain and knee function of the two groups of patients during the study period were compared. Results:A total of 45 patients with knee osteoarthritis in the community completed the study, including 21 in the intervention group and 24 in the placebo group. The results of the Graphical Knee Osteoarthritis Patient Self-assessment Questionnaire showed that the total pain score of the intervention group were lower than that of the placebo group at the third and eighth weeks, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). At the eighth week, the scores of knee rest pain, starting pain and joint chills in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The score of exercise pain in the third and eighth weeks showed a lower trend than that in the placebo group (0.01< P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in knee function test results between the two groups at the beginning of intervention and at the third week ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Wearable LLLT devices can relieve the joint pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis in the community, but no significant improvement was found in knee function. The effect of wearable LLLT devices still needs to be further verified by multi-center, large sample and long-term follow-up study.

Background and objective hTe management of pulmonary nodules relies on cancer risk assessment, in which the only widely accepted criterion is diameter. hTe development of volumetric computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) sotfware enhances the clarity in displaying the nodules’ characteristics. hTis study evaluated the values of the nodules’ volume and 3D morphological characteristics (edge, shape and location) in cancer risk assessment.Methods hTe CT data of 200 pulmonary nodules were retrospectively evaluated using 3D volumetric sotfware. hTe malignancy or benignity of all the nodules was conifrmed by pathology, histology or follow up (>2 years).Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of the 3D margin (smooth, lobulated or spiculated/irregular), shape (spherical or non-spherical), location (purely intraparenchymal, juxtavascular or pleural-attached), and nodule volume in cancer risk assessment for total and sub-centimeter nodules. hTe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to determine the opti-mal threshold for the nodule volume.Results Out of 200 pulmonary nodules, 78 were malignant, whereas 122 were benign. hTeLogistic regression analysis showed that the volume (OR=3.3;P<0.001) and the 3D margin (OR=13.4, 9.8; bothP=0.001) were independent predictive factors of malignancy, whereas the location and 3D shape exhibited no total predictive value (P>0.05). ROC analysis showed that the optimal threshold for malignancy was 666 mm3. For sub-centimeter nodules, the 3D margin was the only valuable predictive factor of malignancy (OR=60.5, 75.0;P=0.003, 0.007).Conclusion hTe volume and 3D margin are important factors considered to assess the cancer risk of pulmonary nodules. Volumes larger than 666 mm3 can be determined as high risk for pulmonary nodules; by contrast, nodules with lobulated, spiculated, or irregular margin present a high malignancy probability.

Pathology is the gold standard for diagnosis of neoplastic diseases.Whole slide imaging turns traditional slides into digital images,and artificial intelligence has shown great potential in pathological image analysis,especially deep learning models.The application of artificial intelligence in whole slide imaging of lung cancer involves many aspects such as histopathological classification,tumor microenvironment analysis,efficacy and survival prediction,etc.,which is expected to assist clinical decision-making of accurate treatment.Limitations in this field include the lack of precisely annotated data and slide quality varying among institutions.Here we summarized recent research in lung cancer pathology image analysis leveraging artificial intelligence and proposed several future directions.

Objective:To study the effects of the apical dentin surface morphology resected with Er∶YAG laser on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs).Methods:66 single premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=22),and the api-cal root slices were made by resection perpendicular to the root long axis 3 mm from the apex using high-speed handpiece(group A),piezosurgery(group B)and Er∶YAG laser(group C),respectively.SEM was used to observe the apical dentin surface in the aspects of debris,smear layer,dentinal tubules,cracks,ablation characteristics and the dentin surface roughness was measured.hPDLCs were clutured on the surface of the slices of the groups,CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation on the samples at 24,48 and 72 h of culture,respectively.Results:The surface preparition time of group A was shorter than that of group B and C(P＜0.001).SEM observation showed that in group C,there was no residual debris or stained layer,and dentin tubule was visible on the dention sur-faces.Detritus and stained layers were observed in group A and B,and dentin tubule was not observed in group A.Cracks were observed in all the groups,but less in group C.Roughness(nm)of group C(1 487.13±295.90)was higher than that of group A and B(P＜0.001).CCK-8 assay showed that the cell proliferation(A value)of all groups increased gradually with the culture time after 24,48 and 72 h of hPDLCs seeded on the root surface.And the cell proliferation in group C was the most significant than that in group A and B(P＜0.05)at 48 and 72 h.Conclusion:The morphological performance of the apical dentin surface resected with Er∶YAG laser is more conducive to hPDLCs growth than that with the ultrasound and burs.