Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and cholic acid on reducing the human liver cell damage induced by α-amanitin (AMA).Methods According to the previous research results,the minimum hepatocellular survival concentration against αt-AMA (1.4 g/L),the experiment was conducted in 5 groups:control group,damage group,glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group,and CsA combined with cholic acid group (CsA+ taurocholic acid,CsA+ chenodeoxycholic acid,CsA+ glycocholic acid,CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid,and CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid).For each group,there were 3 time points for observation (24 h,48 h and 72 h after attacking),CsA and CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid was used to protect hepatocytes,respectively,and morphological changes in cells were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope,and the live cells were counted by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method,and aspertate aminot ransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the culture supernatant were detected by biochemical method.Results Compared with the control group,hepatocellular growth in the injury group was obviously suppressed,with progressive cellular apoptosis and significantly decreased absorbance value of MTIT (0.345 ± 0.021);the activity of AST and ALT increased gradually,reaching the highest after 72 h [(98.4 ± 6.7) U/L and (116.2 ± 9.5) U/L,respectively].Compared with injury group,broken organelles decreased significantly and absorbance value elevated in glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group and CsA combined with cholic acid group,and at each time point,the highest absorbance value in the CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the highest was (0.656 ± 0.014),P ＜ 0.05];at the same time,the activity of AST and ALT didn't increase obviously,at each time point,the lowest in CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the lowest was (22.3 ± 6.2) U/L and (20.2 ± 5.4) U/L,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].Conclusions CsA,as well as cholic acid,can protect human liver cells from the attack of α-AMA.The mechanism may be CsA,as an organic anion transfer peptide in humans (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3) suppressant,inhibits the absorption of α-AMA.The joint application of CsA and taurochenodeoxycholic acid is superior to the single OATP substrate or inhibitor.

Objective To improve the orotracheal intubation verifying technique and reduce the complication of backflow in rat experiment.Methods A new position evaluation of anti-backflow device was designed and made of safety IV catheter and closed IV catheter system.60 adult male Sprague Dawley rats 216±20 g were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (n=40) for verifying placement, group B (n=20) for anti-backflow test.Group A was further divided into group A1 using self-designed positioning device, group A2 using aerosol, group A3 taking cotton fiber for positioning judgment.The group B was divided into two subgroups, B1 and B2, counting escaped bubbles as a means of positioning observation, the difference is that group B1 using frustum of a cone shape anti-backflow device, while the group B2 using common airway tube.Routine endotracheal intubation was performed to observe and record the time of positioning, the location of exhalation phase, and the length of inspiratory phase countercurrent water column.The group A1 further performed tracheotomy under direct vision clearly to confirm the anatomic positioning status.Results During the exhalation cycle,three or more bubbles were observed to escape continuously, indicating that the intubation tube was properly placed and open in the airway.Positioning time: It took 1.75±1.02 respiratory cycles in group A1,3.30±0.95 respiratory cycles in group A2 and 4.10±0.99 respiratory cycles in group A3 to complete the assessment the positioning status.There was no statistically significant difference between groups A2 and A3 (P> 0.05).The time needed for group A1 was significantly shorter than that of groups A2 and A3 (P < 0.01).The longest countercurrent water column length in group B1 was 3.23±0.53 cm, and 8.48±1.01 cm in the group B2.Conclusions The new designed anti-backflow positioning evaluation device is a simple and convenient appliance to evaluate the location of orotracheal intubation in rat experiment.It can effectively improve the positioning efficiency and has practical application value.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy,glucose and lipid metabolism,reproductive endocrine system,endometrial receptivity,ovarian responsiveness,and pregnancy effects of metformin(MET)on obese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with infertility.Methods Clinical data of obese PCOS patients with infertility admitted to Wuhan Sixth Hospital from June 2021 to January 2024 were retrospective ana lyzed.According to the medication regimens,they were divided into a control group(letrozole,LET)and a combination group(MET and LET).The treatment efficacy,glucose and lipid metabolism indicators[cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),fasting blood glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FIN),and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)],reproductive endocrine indicators[testosterone(T),estradiol(E2),luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),anti-miller's hormone(AMH),and LH/FSH],uterine content tolerance[endometrial thickness,spiral artery pulsatility index(PI),and resistance index(RI)],ovarian responsiveness[follicle formation time interval,the number of dominant follicles and ovulation rates],as well as pregnancy rate were compared after the treatment(3 months).In addition,adverse reactions related to drugs during treatment were recorded to evaluate the safety.Results A total of 99 patients were included in the study,with 53 in the combined group and 46 in the control group.The treatment efficiency of the combined group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Before treatment,the differences in body mass index(BMI),TC,TG,FPG,FIN,HOMA-IR,T,E2,LH/FSH,AMH,endometrial thickness,PI and RI between the two groups were not statistically significant(P＞0.05);after treatment,BMI,TC,TG,FPG,FIN,HOMA-IR,T,E2,LH/FSH,AMH,endometrial thickness,PI and RI of the patients in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment(P＜0.05),and these indicators of the combined group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).In addition,the follicle formation time of the combined group was shorter than that of the control group,the number of dominant follicles was more than that of the control group,and the ovulation rate and cycle pregnancy rate were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05);the difference in the incidence rates of adverse reactions between the two groups was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion MET can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism,reproductive endocrine indicators,improve endometrial receptivity,improve ovarian response,and thus increase ovulation and pregnancy rates.

A combined epidemic prediction method based on multi-source data fusion is presented to address the common problems of low accuracy,weak generalization,single structure,poor nonlinear processing ability,and long prediction time in traditional epidemic prediction models.The collected multi-source epidemic data are normalized and subjected to feature selection using principal component analysis.An ARIMA-GM-BPNN model for pandemic prediction is constructed by combining ARIMA model,grey GM model and BPNN.The fitting values of the first two prediction models are used as inputs to BPNN for model training.After sufficiently integrating the data and combining the advantages of different prediction models,the optimal combined model is obtained and used for forecasting the incidence and trend of epidemics.Experimental results show that the combined model exhibits excellent fitting performance,with predicted incidences and trends consistent with the real conditions.The proposed approach improves prediction accuracy and generalization capabilities,and it can provide reliable data support for epidemic prediction and control.

Objective:To use Meta analysis to understand the prevalence of the heritability of body mass index (BMI) in twins.Methods:All studies on the heritability of the twins' BMI published before December 31, 2020 were retrieved through the China National Knowledge Network, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science databases. The literature quality was evaluated by using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Stata 16.0 was used to perform subgroup analysis on the outcome indicators (heritability, 95% CI) to explore the source of heterogeneity. The local weighted regression method was used to fit the trend of heritability with age. The publication bias test and the sensitivity analysis of included literatures were also performed by using Stata 16.0. Results:A total of 10 articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included with 79 twins' independent estimates of heritability for BMI. Meta-analysis showed that the combined value of BMI heritability was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65-0.71), the combined value of BMI (0.68, 95% CI: 0.65-0.70) in males was lower than that (0.70, 95% CI: 0.68-0.72) in females. The heritability of BMI (0.72, 95% CI: 0.68-0.76) in childhood and adolescence was higher than that (0.68, 95% CI: 0.66-0.70) in adulthood. The gender specific difference in BMI heritability in twins ≤18 years old was even greater, which was lower in males (0.68, 95% CI: 0.61-0.76) than in females (0.75, 95% CI: 0.69-0.81). The heritability increased with age in childhood, reached peak at about 18 years old, and then slowly decreased with age. Conclusions:The heritability of BMI varied with population characteristics, especially age and gender. In view of the high estimated value of BMI heritability in female children and adolescents, more attention should be paid to the start time of health intervention.

Objective To construct an early warning model of fall risk for the elderly based on six kinds gait parameters. Methods A digital field was used to collect parameters from six kinds of gait for the elderly with or without the history of falls, and the binomial logistic regression analysis was used to establish a regression equation for predicting the fall risks in the elderly, and an early warning model was constructed. Results The regression equations constructed according to the parameters from six kinds of gait were statistically significant. The overall correct rate was predicted from high to low: walking forward with closed eyes (97.1%), walking backward with open eyes (92.9%), walking backward with closed eyes (88.6%), walking forward with open eyes (87.1%), turning head up and down with open eyes (85.7%), turning head left and right with open eyes(82.9%). The constructed early warning model for fall risk of the elderly mainly included five steps, namely, judgment, test, extraction, calculation and early warning, which was suitable for gait testing and evaluation of the elderly in the laboratory. Conclusions Parameters from six kinds of gait could predict the fall risk of the elderly. Among them, walking forward with closed eyes was best to predict the fall risk in the elderly. The established early warning model of fall risk for the elderly could be used to predict the fall risk of 65-75 year old people within one year, which could provide early warning based on the probability of falling, playing a positive effect on preventing falls in the elderly.

Objective To investigate the effect of bilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA) ondynamic balance ability of ankle strategy in aged women. Methods The dynamic balance ability tester was used to test the balance score, the rotation speed, the maximum rotation speed, and the percentage of the target ball's residence time in each area of KOA patients (KOA group)and the general elderly (control group), and a comparative analysis between groups was conducted. Results The balance score of KOA group was lower than that of control group; the dynamic balance control ability of KOA group in the horizontal direction was basically the same as that of control group, but the dynamic balance control ability of KOA group in the vertical direction was weaker than that of control group.Bilateral KOA reduced dynamic balance ability of ankle strategy in the aged women.It could not affect the left-right symmetric balance ability of the aged women, but it would reduce its forward-backward symmetrical balance ability. Conclusions Bilateral KOA aged women may be more likely to fall forward or backward, while not easy to fall laterally. For elderly female patients with bilateral KOA, methods such as strengthening ankle joint strength, proprioception and responsiveness can be used to prevent falls that may be caused by reduced dynamic balance ability, especially falls in the forward and backward directions.

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the effects of population aging and other risk factors on the burden of atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods:Disability adjusted life years (DALY) and age-standardized rates obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) were used to describe the temporal trend of a burden on ASCVD. And a decomposition method established by Gupta was applied to quantify the burden related to population growth, aging, age-specific prevalence, and the severity of the disease.Results:In 2019, 61.00% of the burden of cardiovascular disease in China was caused by ASCVD. The DALY of ischemic heart disease increased by 133.66% compared with that in 1990, with 29.57% of the increase attributed to population growth, 108.74% due to population aging, and 8.87% due to the rise of age-specific prevalence and -13.53% benefited from changes in disease severity. The DALY of ischemic stroke increased by 138.64% compared with 1990, and the proportions attributable to the above four parts were 30.95%, 123.38%, 55.80%, and -71.49%, respectively. Hypertension remained the leading risk factor for ASCVD in 2019, followed by high LDL cholesterol. The age-standardized DALY rate attributable to drinking had the most significant increase (486.01%) from 1990, with an average annual growth of 10.93%.Conclusions:Aging population seems responsible for the main reason for the considerable increase in the burden of ASCVD in China. Still, the adverse trends of other avoidable risk factors, especially metabolic risk factors, can not be ignored.