Objective : To learn the awareness of chronic diseases prevention and control and its influencing factors among high school students in regions inhabited by ethnic groups,so as to strengthen the prevention of chronic diseases among adolescents in these regions. Methods: Totally 1 050 high school students in Tuquan County,Hinggan League,Inner Mongolia were selected by cluster sampling method. The general information,family factors,attitude to learning,psychological factors,behavioral styles and awareness of chronic diseases prevention and control were investigated,and the influencing factors for the awareness were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: There were 1 001 valid questionnaires recovered,with a response rate of 95.33%. There were 685 Han students,accounting for 68.43%,241 Mongol students,accounting for 24.08%,and 75 students with other ethnic minorities,accounting for 7.49%. The average awareness rate of chronic diseases prevention and control was 53.25%;the awareness rates of hypertension prevention measures,smoking and drinking hazards,food susceptible to aflatoxin pollution and high cholesterol food were high,all more than 70%;while the awareness rates of long-term high lipid hazards,high blood pressure diagnosis standard and diabetes symptoms was low,all less than 40%. There was no significant difference in the awareness rate of chronic diseases prevention and control among different nationalities（P>0.05）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the students who were female（OR=1.309,95%CI：1.008-1.700）,had high achievement（OR=1.509,95%CI：1.055-2.159）,and thought exams were important（OR=1.570,95%CI：1.204-2.046）were more likely to have high awareness,while the students who spent five to less than eight hours a day on screens（OR=0.514,95%CI：0.335-0.789）were less likely to have high awareness. Conclusions The awareness rate of chronic diseases prevention and control of high school students in Tuquan County is 53.25%,and there is no significant difference between Mongol and Han students. Gender,academic performance,attitude to examination and time spent on screens can affect the awareness rate.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS) patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: 165 cases of MDS who underwent allo-HSCT from Jan. 2010 to Mar. 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, focusing on the overall survival (OS) , disease free survival (DFS) , relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM) and their related risk factors. Results: Of all the 165 cases, 105 were male and 60 were female. The 3-year OS and DFS rate were 72.5% (95%CI 64.9%-80.1%) and 67.4% (95%CI 59.17%-75.63%) , respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse and NRM were 12.11% (95%CI 7.03%-18.65%) and 20.44% (95%CI 14.15%-27.56%) , respectively. HCT-comorbidity index (P=0.042, HR=2.094, 95%CI 1.026-4.274) was identified as independent risk factor for OS by the multivariate analysis. Intensive chemotherapy before HSCT or hypomethylation agents treatment had no effects on OS[ (67.0±7.5) %vs (57.7±10.9) %, χ²=0.025, P=0.874]. Conclusions allo-HSCT is a promising means for MDS, and NRM is the major cause of treatment failure. MDS with refractory anemia with excess blasts and secondary acute myeloid leukemia patients may not benefit from intensive chemotherapy or hypomethylation agents treatment before HSCT.

Objective:To establish a method for detecting the binding affinity of peptides to HLA-B*1301 by HLA molecular reconstitution after weak acid treatment,and its practicality was evaluated.Methods:C1R cells overexpressing HLA-B*1301 were treated with citrate buffer of different pH for different time.After neutralization of pH,cells were resuspended in culture medium con-taining β2m and brefeldin A.Cells were incubated at 37℃with peptide(peptide group)or without peptide(blank control),after addition of anti-HLA antibody,the cells were detected by flow cytometry.Ratio of fluorescence intensity between peptide group and blank control group was used as an index to measure the level of HLA molecular remodeling,and then represented the interactions between peptide and HLA-B*1301 molecule.Results:HLA-polypeptide complex was denatalized and dissociated after being treated with pH3.0 buffer for 1 min,and only HLA heavy chain molecules were retained on the cell surface.The addition of peptides with binding force could significantly improve the level of HLA molecular remodeling,and the binding force of peptides with HLA-B*1301 could be evaluated by this method.Conclusion:HLA molecular reconstitution assay is a simple and reliable method to detect the binding of peptides to HLA-B*1301,which can also provide reference for the study of other low frequency HLA molecular antigen pre-sentation patterns.

There are mutual neural projections between the ventral tegmental area(VTA)and the me-dial prefrontal cortex(mPFC),which form a circuit.Recent studies have shown that this circuit is vital in regu-lating arousal from sleep and general anesthesia.This paper introduces the anatomical structures of VTA and mPFC and the roles of various neurons and projection pathways in the regulation of arousal,aiming to provide new ideas for further research on the mechanism of arousal from sleep and general anesthesia.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) with matched sibling donor (MSD) HSCT in Ph + ALL and provide a basis for the choice of transplantation method. Methods:We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of 78 adult patients with Ph + ALL who underwent auto-HSCT ( n=31) and MSD-HSCT ( n=47) in Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, from January 2008 to December 2017. The overall survival (OS) rate, leukemia-free survival (LFS) rate, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) rate, nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rate, and the impact of achievement of complete molecular response (CMR) within 3 months and sustaining CMR up to transplantation (s3CMR) on transplantation method were explored. Results:The median time of neutrophil and platelet reconstitution in auto-HSCT and MSD-HSCT groups were 12 (10-29) days vs14 (11-24) days ( P=0.006) and 17.5 (10-62) days vs 7 (10-33) days ( P=0.794) , respectively. In the MSD-HSCT group, the incidence of Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 27.7% (13/47) and 8.5% (4/47) , respectively. The incidence of limited and extensive chronic GVHD was 17.0% (8/47) and 12.8% (6/47) , respectively. The estimated CIR, NRM, LFS, and OS at 3 years were not significantly different between auto-HSCT and MSD-HSCT groups ( P>0.05) . For 44 patients who achieved s3CMR, 3-year OS[ (84.0±8.6) % vs (78.0±8.7) %, P=0.612], LFS[ (70.3±10.3) % vs (68.2±10.1) %, P=0.970], CIR[ (24.9±10.0) % vs (14.4±8.0) %, P=0.286], and NRM[ (4.7±4.7) % vs (17.4±8.1) %, P=0.209] of the auto-HSCT and MSD-HSCT groups were not significantly different. However, for 34 patients who did not reach s3CMR, 3-year cumulative relapse rate of patients in the auto-HSCT group was significantly higher than MSD-HSCT group[ (80.0±14.7) % vs (39.6±10.9) %, P=0.057]. Conclusions:auto-HSCT with maintenance therapy after HSCT appears to be an attractive treatment option for patients with Ph + ALL especially for those with s3CMR maintained up to transplantation. For non-s3CMR patients, allogeneic transplantation may be more effective from lower relapse.

OBJECTIVE：To know about the research status of health utility value obtained by mapping method in pharmacoeconomic evaluation ，and to provide reference for bibliometric study in pharmacoeconomic evaluation . METHODS ： Using“Mapping method ”“Health utility value ”“Cost-utility”“Utility point system ”as Chinese and English keywords ，retrieved from CNKI ，Wanfang database ，PubMed，Medline，Ebsco，Ovid and Wiley database ，empirical journal documents published from the inception to Dec. 31st，2018 about using mapping method to obtain health utility value were collected. The bibliometrics was used to statistically analyze basic information of included literature ，the construction and test of the model ，the type of the best model and so on. RESULTS ：The 124 included documents were all published in English journal. In the construction and testing of the mapping model ，the most frequently used econometric methods ，performance evaluation indicators and model testing methods were ordinary least squares （OLS），mean absolute error （MAE）and residual normality test ，application frequency of which were 97 times（31.60％），89 times（24.93％）and 62 times（21.09％）. There are 117 articles that define the best mapping model ，of which 101 articles（86.32％）have the best direct mapping effect. Most of the non-utility measurement scales adopted specific scales （92 articles，77.97％），and a few literatures adopted the universal scale （26 articles，22.03％）. The most utility measurement scales were 3-level European 5-dimensional health scale （79 articles，66.95％）. CONCLUSIONS ：The domestic empirical researches that use the mapping method to obtain health utility values need to be developed yet. A series of mapping models successfully developed by foreign scholars not only provide the feasibility of using non-utility measurement scales for cost-utility analysis ，but also provide more ideas for China to choose the corresponding econometric methods ，evaluation indicators and mapping methods in the empirical research of the mapping method in the future.

Antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies have taken center stage in immunotherapies for cancer, with multiple clinical successes. PD-1 signaling plays pivotal roles in tumor-driven T-cell dysfunction. In contrast to prior approaches to generate or boost tumor-specific T-cell responses, antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade targets tumor-induced T-cell defects and restores pre-existing T-cell function to modulate antitumor immunity. In this review, the fundamental knowledge on the expression regulations and inhibitory functions of PD-1 and the present understanding of antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies are briefly summarized. We then focus on the recent breakthrough work concerning the structural basis of the PD-1/PD-Ls interaction and how therapeutic antibodies, pembrolizumab targeting PD-1 and avelumab targeting PD-L1, compete with the binding of PD-1/PD-L1 to interrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. We believe that this structural information will benefit the design and improvement of therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-1 signaling.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; B7-H1 Antigen ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology