Objective To establish the improved MPN quantitative detection method of Salmonella in treated wastewater.Methods The filtration method and improved MPN method were adopted to quantitatively detect Salmonella in treated wastewater.In the filtration method,separation effect of Salmonella was investigated by using three selective agar which including XLD,HE and BS,respectively.It was established that the improved MPN method in which PCR was used instead of the biochemical tests and serological identification to identify Salmonella.In the improved MPN method,the enrichment effect was researched by using SC,MM and TTB enriched broth in different time and temperature.Results In the filtration method,the Salmonella could not be counted accurately by the three kinds of selective agar.In the improved MPN method the optimized enrichment effect was determined as using MM enriched broth at 42℃ for 24 hours.Conclusion The improved MPN method is accurate,sensitive,quick and applicable to the quantitative detection of Salmonella in treated wastewater.

Objective:To compare acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in different years in Beijing, and to provide evidence for targeted health education among college students in future.Methods: College students were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in year 2006 and 2016 in Beijing.The sample sizes were 1 800 and 3 001 college students, respectively.The contents of the questionnaire included: socio-demographic characteristics, AIDS related knowledge, AIDS related attitude, sex intercourse and its related risk behaviors, condom use intension, and AIDS related health education.Results: Compared with the year 2006, the average AIDS knowledge scores of college students in year 2016 dropped from 12.78±1.95 to 11.90±2.56 (t=12.91, P<0.05), and the correct answer rates of questions in the knowledge part were decreased, too.Except for belief on condom use, the college students were more negative on AIDS related attitude and self-efficacy in year 2016 than in year 2006.Among the students who had sex experience, the rates of commercial sex [17.65% (33/187) vs.6.53% (16/245), χ2=13.003, P<0.001] and the rates of homo-sexual intercourse [15.43% (29/188) vs.4.13% (10/242), χ2=16.356, P<0.001] were higher in year 2016 than in year 2006.The main way for the students seeking pornographic information was changed from books to internet (41.15%) in 2016 compared with the year 2016.In 2016, the influencing factors of intention on condom use were male (OR=0.713), self-efficacy of condom purchase (OR=0.876), never received sex education before college (OR=0.752), self-efficacy of condom use (OR=1.135), belief of condom use (OR=1.775), and attitude towards AIDS patients (OR=1.136).Conclusion: AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among college students have been changed, AIDS related health education should be designed and improved based on new characteristics of college students.AIDS health education in colleges should pay more attention to sex attitude and sex responsibility and self-protection awareness among college students as well.

Objective: To explore the effect of proprioception combined with core stability training on the static balance ability and dynamic balance ability of college students, and to provide an experimental basis for studying body balance ability and preventing sports injuries. Methods: In August 2019, 112 non sports students from Shandong Institute of Physical Education were recruited, and 52 subjects were selected as the intervention group and 60 as the control group by random number table method. The intervention group was given proprioceptive training combined with core stability training, while the control group was given core stability training. The static and dynamic balance abilities of the two groups of subjects before and after training were compared. Results: The static balance ability of the intervention group was higher than that before the intervention ( F =2.17， P <0.05) at the 5th and 11th weeks, which were 18.31% and 47.37% higher, respectively. The ability to stand on one foot with eyes closed at the 11th week in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group at the 11th week( t =2.25， P <0.05). After training, the equilibrioception of the intervention group was improved, increasingly improved in the 11th week. And compared with that in intervention group in the 5th and 11th week, the ability was also higher than the balance ability of the intervention group before the intervention( F =2.37， P <0.01), 12.01% and 12.99% higher, respectively. Conclusion Proprioception and core stability training can effectively improve the static and dynamic balance ability of college students, and the training effect of proprioceptive training combined with core stability training is better than that of core stability training.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ca2+ /calmodulin - dependent kinase II (CaMKII)γ RNA interference on the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1),tyrosine kinase(c-Src)and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)genes,and its role and molecular mechanism in osteoclast differentiation. Methods The CaMKII γ RNA interference vector was constructed by lentivirus and transfected into RAW264. 7 cells. The experiment was di-vided into three groups:A,B and C,which were the control group,negative vector group and interference vector group. After transfec-tion for 12 hours,osteoclasts induced by 50 ng/mL RANKL and the cells were harvested after induction for 5 days. Real-time quanti-tative PCR,Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of NFATc1,TRAP and c-Src genes in three groups. Results The mRNA levels of NFATc1,TRAP and c-Src in the group C decreased by 49. 86% ,43. 65% and 53. 57% ,re-spectively(P<0. 001),and the protein levels decreased by 54. 22% ,46. 75% and 45. 86% ,respectively(P<0. 001). There was no significant difference between the A and the B groups(P>0. 05). The fluorescence intensity of the above genes in the group C was significantly weaker than that in the A and B groups,and the formation of osteoclasts was significantly less than that in the A and B groups. Conclusion CaMKIIγ RNA interference significantly inhibited the expression of NFATc1,TRAP and c-Src genes,sugges-ting that CaMKIIγ plays a key regulatory role in osteoclast differentiation.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS) patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: 165 cases of MDS who underwent allo-HSCT from Jan. 2010 to Mar. 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, focusing on the overall survival (OS) , disease free survival (DFS) , relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM) and their related risk factors. Results: Of all the 165 cases, 105 were male and 60 were female. The 3-year OS and DFS rate were 72.5% (95%CI 64.9%-80.1%) and 67.4% (95%CI 59.17%-75.63%) , respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse and NRM were 12.11% (95%CI 7.03%-18.65%) and 20.44% (95%CI 14.15%-27.56%) , respectively. HCT-comorbidity index (P=0.042, HR=2.094, 95%CI 1.026-4.274) was identified as independent risk factor for OS by the multivariate analysis. Intensive chemotherapy before HSCT or hypomethylation agents treatment had no effects on OS[ (67.0±7.5) %vs (57.7±10.9) %, χ²=0.025, P=0.874]. Conclusions allo-HSCT is a promising means for MDS, and NRM is the major cause of treatment failure. MDS with refractory anemia with excess blasts and secondary acute myeloid leukemia patients may not benefit from intensive chemotherapy or hypomethylation agents treatment before HSCT.

Strain-resource engineering is often considered as an important infrastructure of microbiology related research and industry. The western developed countries took the lead in establishing the classical microbial resource utilization method, and continuously improved the preservation system, species annotation technology and global sharing mechanism, which realized the expansion and reserve of biological resources since end of the 19th century. The rich and diversified germplasm resources, standard strains and production strains not only have important economic values, but also maintain the advantages of scientific research, bioeconomy (such as antimicrobial agents, vaccines, detection reagent development and standard development, etc.) and national security. Although there has been a lot of progress in related research in recent years, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap in related fields in China. The investment and top-level design in this area lag far behind the western developed countries, and it is not commensurate with the current level of economic and social development in my country. Drawing lessons from the practice of WFCC and WDCM (World Data Center for Microorganisms, Global microbial data Center, affiliated to WFCC), for the purpose of collecting new clinical species/strains, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the identification, preservation and upload system of isolates.

Objective:To explore the evaluation dimensions and indicators of research hospital, provide empirical evidence for the construction of research hospital.Methods:Non-probability sampling was adopted, physicians from 9 hospitals in Shanghai that have a National Clinical Medical Research Center or Shanghai Clinical Medical Research Center were invited as survey participants. The physician participants were divided into senior and junior groups. For senior group, a questionnaire including 5 dimensions and 21 indicators was provided. The survey participants were consulted to determine whether the indicators can be used to measure this dimension, and also invited to propose additional dimensions and indicators for improvement.For junior group, two open questions were proposed to explore their needs of support in both clinical service and research.Results:Based on suggestions from the research participants, the research team, and other expert consultant, this article tried to propose 5 dimensions and 21 indicators for evaluating research hospitals. Among them, 11 were indicators compiled by the research team based on the literature review and agreed by more than 2/3 of senior physicians surveyed, while others were proposed based on the survey results. The research team planned to use the entropy method to determine the weights of different indicators, thus, the participants were not required to make judgments on the weights of dimensions and indicators.Conclusions:The evaluation of research hospitals has not yet formed a systematic consensus. Through the exploration and establishment of evaluation dimensions and indicators, identify hospitals that are closer to the development goals of research hospitals can provide a basis for future next-step practices.

Based on the correlation between Qi and blood in traditional Chinese medicine， the collateral disease theory puts forward that the Qi-collateral go hand in hand with the vessel-collateral of the brain， and to be as close as lips to teeth in structure and function， which is an important basis for the function of brain governing mind. And this theory proposes that deficiency/stagnancy of collateral-Qi， stagnation of collaterals and loss of consciousness are the main pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease（AD）， which is different from the research strategy of modern medicine focusing on neurons. It is suggested that it is necessary to treat AD from two aspects， including neuronal protection（elimination of pathological products such as β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau protein） and cerebral microvascular protection（protection of cerebral microvascular structure and function， promotion of therapeutic angiogenesis and increase of cerebral blood flow. Tongxinluo capsules is a representative drug for dredging collaterals developed under the guidance of the therapeutic principle of collaterals need circulation， it can protect microvessels and play a neuroprotective role mediated by vascular protection. Clinical studies have confirmed that Tongxinluo capsules can effectively treat AD， vascular dementia and cognitive impairment related diseases， which can provide new ideas and effective treatment ways to prevent and treat AD from neurovascular protection in a comprehensive manner.

Metabolic regulation has been proven to play a critical role in T cell antitumor immunity. However, cholesterol metabolism as a key component of this regulation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we found that the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which has been previously identified as a transporter for cholesterol, plays a pivotal role in regulating CD8