Objective:To investigate the immediate bond strength and surface structure of resin and the tooth enamel which treated by cold plasma.Methods:In the study,40 bovine incisors were divided into two equal parts.In this sense,all enamel adhesive samples were prepared and then randomly divided into 4 groups(n =20).group 1:acid +single bond 2 +resin composite(control group);group 2:beyond bleaching+acid+single bond 2+resin composite;group 3:treated by cold plasma for 5 minutes+acid+single bond 2+resin composite;group 4:treated by cold plasma for 5 minutes+single bond 2+resin composite.Single bond 2 bonding system and Filtek Z250 resin were used in this experiment.The shear bond strength was tested by universal testing machine.The surface of the enamel in different processes was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Statistical analyses by the single factor analysis of variance and multiple pairwise comparisons were performed with SPSS 1 7 .0 .Results:The shear bond strength of group 4 (8.60 MPa)was significantly lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.05). The shear bond strength of group 2 (1 7.89 MPa)was higher than that of group 4,but lower than group 1 and group 3 (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between group 1 (34.82 MPa)and group 3 (34.69 MPa).Scanning electron microscope indicated that the enamel treated by cold plasma had slight molten form,which was different from etched enamel surface.The fractured surface of group 3 was mix fracture,which was similar to the control group (group 1 ).Conclusion:Compared with the conven-tional clinic bleaching,immediate bond strength of resin-enamel that treated by cold plasma has not been affected.

Objective To observe the analgesic and sedative effects of oxycodone combined with dexmedetomidine and its effects on respiratory and cardiovascular functions during endotracheal intubation guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope at conscious state.Methods Forty patients with endotra-cheal intubation difficulty were randomly divided into sulfentanil group and oxycodone group.An initial induction dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was given followed by an maintaining infusion of 0.2 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 in sulfentanil group,additionally,0.2 μg/kg sulfentanil was given intravenously. Patients in oxycodone group received intravenous infusion of oxycodone 0.08 mg/kg instead.The changes of HR,MAP and SpO 2 were monitored during medication and intubation.The Ramsay scores before intubation, the PET CO 2 and comfort degree after intubation were recorded. Results There were no statistically significant differences in hemodynamic changes,Ramsay scores and comfort level between the two groups during drug-injection and intubation.SpO 2 of patients in oxycodone group was higher than that of sulfentanil group after injection of drugs,but PET CO 2 of oxycodone group after endotracheal intubation was lower.Conclusion The combination of oxycodone and dexmedetomidine can be safely used in awake tracheal intubation,for it shows effective sedation and analgesia,less respiratory depression and other side-effects compared with sufentanil.

Objective To evaluate the rationale of lowering the cutoff value of impaired fasting glucose(IFG)by studying the extent and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease(CAD)and the cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with different fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels. Methods A total of 911 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography were selected according to inclusion criteria. The subjects were studied in view of the extent and severity of angiographic CAD and the cardiovascular risk factors with different FPG levels. Results (1) Compared with the group of FPG<5.6mmol/L, the numbers of diseased vessels in the group with FPG 5.6-6.0mmol/L were significantly increased(P<0.05)after adjustment of age, sex and other influencing factors; the group with FPG 6.1-6.9mmol/L had both raised number of diseased vessels and the CAD Gensini cumulative index(P<0.01). (2) The prevalences of overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome were progressively increasing with graded FPG levels. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly increased with FPG level at 5.0-5.6mmol/L(P<0.05),and the prevalences of metabolic syndrome and other components were significantly elevated with FPG level at 5.6-6.0mmol/L(P<0.05). Conclusion (1) The extent and severity of angiographic CAD were increased with increased FPG even in prediabetic period. The risk of angiographic CAD became increased significantly with FPG at 5.6-6.0mmol/L level. (2) The cardiovascular disease(CVD)risk was also increased with increasing FPG even in prediabetic period. The phenomenon of clustering of CVD risk factors was found at FPG 5.6mmol/L.

Objective To develop a diabetes risk score (DRS)to predict the risk of development of incident diabetes in male senile people in Beijing. Methods DRS was developed basing on a test group including a cohort of 1 370 individuals aged 48-87 years without diabetes at baseline, followed for 10 years by Logistic regression and validated on a value group including a cohort of 340 individuals aged 43-88 years without diabetes at baseline. Results The model with the highest area under the ROC curve ( AUC ) included age, hypertension,history of hyperglycemia, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C). DRS was developed basing on this model with a range from 0 to 12 and an optimal cut-off of 4. AUC were respectively 0. 726 ( 95% CI0. 692-0. 759 ) and 0. 765 ( 95% CI0. 691-0. 839 ) in test group and validation group. The sum score value ≥4 had sensitivity of 65.3% and 68. 1%, specificity of 70. 0% and 64.8%, positive predictive value of 37.0% and 23.2%, negative predictive value of 88.2% and 94. 1%.Conclusion The DRS, derived from clinical information combined with plasma glucose and lipids, is an effective tool to predict incident diabetes.

Objective To observe the all-cause and cardiocerebrovascular disease(CCVD)-related mortalities in the senile male population and the relationship of them with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level.Methods A survey was performed among 1 572 male subjects aged 60-90.All the subjects were groups were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival rates of the 4 groups.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation factors of all-cause mortality and CCVD-related regression model analysis showed that age was related with the all-cause mortality.Among all these factors, age, body mass index, FPG and the history of CCVD had the relationships with the mortality of CCVD.Conclusion In the older male population, CCVD are considered as one of the main causes of death.With the increased levels of FPG, the all-cause mortality and CCVD mortality of senile male population are increased.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of asiaticoside (AS) on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in hypoxia pulmonary hypertension (HPH). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into normoxia control group, hypoxia model group, and AS 25 and 50 mg · kg-1 group. Hypoxia model group and AS group were subjected to intermittent hypoxia exposure. Control group and model group received 1-1.5 mL saline daily, and AS groups were ig administrated with AS 25 and 50 mg·kg-1 for 4 weeks. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were divided into normoxia control group and hypoxia AS groups. Hypoxia groups were cultured with AS 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg·L-1 for 72 h under hypoxic (5%O2, 5%CO2) conditions. Anti-proliferation effect of AS was investigated by CCK-8 assay. Then, HPAECs were divided into normoxia control group, normoxia AS 100 mg · L-1 group, hypoxia model group, and hypoxia AS 100 mg · L-1 group. After five days of culture, migration ability of cells was detected by Transwell test. Expression of CD31 andα-SMA was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, compared with normoxia control group, expression of CD31 was reduced (P<0.01) andα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was increased (P<0.01) in hypoxia model group in both immunofluorescent analysis and Western blotting. Compared with hypoxia model group, expression of CD31 was increased andα-SMA was decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in AS treatment groups. Compared with normoxia control group, proliferation and migration ability of HPAEC were elevated in hypoxia model group (P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia group, AS 100 mg · L-1 depressed proliferation and migration of HPAEC under hypoxia exposure up to 72 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION EndoMT might be involved in HPH and could be partly inhibited by AS.

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether the copy numbers of the CCL3L1 (Chemokine C-C-Motif Ligand 3 Like Protein 1) gene were associated with susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods A total of 806 Chinese individuals including 405 AS patients and 401 healthy controls were enrolled. The CCL3L1 gene copy number was measured by a custom-by-design Multiplex AccuCopyTM Kit based on a multiplex fluorescence competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) principle, and 50 samples were randomly selected using the fluorescent quantitative PCR method to verify copy number. Main statistical method was t test, chi-square test and logistic regression model. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the case group and control group in age and gender ( t=1.77, P=0.076, χ2=1.14, P=0.289). The copy number of CCL3L1 gene ranged from 0 to 13 in both AS patients and the controls. After copy numbers were classified into 3 categories by 3, we did not find significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.591, P=0.669). And regression analyses also did not support the hypothesis that CCL3L1 gene copy number variation (CNV) could be an impact factor to the severity or function indexes of AS patients ( χ2=0.341, P=0.804 and χ2=0.472, P=0.774, respectively). Conclusion We suggest that the copy number of the CCL3L1 gene does not have a role in the susceptibility and the severity or function to AS.

Objective To understand the prevalence situation and influence factors of diabetes mellitus(DM) among adults in Dandong City to provide a reference basis for the prevention and treatment of DM and relevant department implementing the regional health plan.Methods A total of 10 267 permanent residents aged ≥18 years old in Dandong City were extracted to conduct the survey by using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.The non-conditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze its influencing factors.Results The prevalence rates of DM was 6.9％ among the adults in Dandong City,the standardization rates was 4.0 ％,in which 5.5 ％ for male standardization rate was 3.1％,8.2 ％ for female,standardization rate was 4.9 ％,female was higher than male,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05) The Logistic analysis results showed that male(OR=1.381)had higher prevalence risk than female;the prevalence risks in the age groups of 35-＜45 years old,45-＜55 years old,55-＜65 years old and ≥65 years old were 4.040,11.446,19.488 and 25.302 times of 18-＜35 years old group;the prevalence risk in the drinking group (OR=1.413) was higher than that in the non-drinking group;the prevalence risk in the group with preference for sweet,salty,fried and hot food (OR=1.274) was higher than that in the group without this preference;the prevalence risk in the hypertensive group(OR=1.773) was higher than that in the non-hypertensive group;physical exercises and sleep quality were the protective factor of DM(P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of DM in Dandong is higher,and sex,age,alcohol consumption,exercise,sleep quality,preference for sweet salty fried overheating foods and hypertension are the main influencing factors of DM.

Objective:To explore the changes of disease burden and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide reference data for the prevention and control of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Methods:The Chinese DKD data were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The morbidity, prevalence, mortality, years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) were used to compare the disease burden of CKD due to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2019. In addition, the risk factors of DKD were analyzed.Results:The numbers of CKD patients due to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in China were 574 (95% UI 495-665) and 31 076 (95% UI 28 152-33 909) thousand, and the numbers of new cases were 9 (95% UI 8-11) and 434 (95% UI 390-481) thousand in 2019, respectively. The numbers of death were 13 (95% UI 8-18) and 63 (95% UI 50-77) thousand, respectively. The age groups with the largest number of patients and new cases of CKD due to type 1 diabetes mellitus were 30-34 years old and <5 years old, respectively. The age group with the largest number of patients and new cases of CKD due to type 2 diabetes mellitus were 50-54 years old and 70-74 years old, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized prevalence rate of DKD patients in China was relatively stable, but the age-standardized incidence rate and YLD rate showed an upward trend, while the age-standardized mortality rate, YLL rate, and DALY rate showed a downward trend. The main risk factors associated with DKD death were high fasting plasma glucose, kidney dysfunction, high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high sodium diet, and lead exposure. The proportions of DKD death caused by high systolic blood pressure and high body mass index in the Chinese population were still increasing. Conclusions:From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and YLD rate of DKD in China shows an upward trend, while the age-standardized prevalence rate is relatively stable, and the age-standardized mortality rate, YLL rate, and DALY rate show a decreasing trend. High fasting glucose, renal failure, high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high sodium diet, and lead exposure are risk factors associated with death in DKD patients. With the progress of aging, the disease burden of DKD in China will continuously increase. Future work should be focused on population-specific interventions, taking into consideration the risk factors identified within the study.

Objective:To investigate the effect and relationship of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) on cardiac mechanical indices in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease(NOCAD) in the resting state.Methods:This study was a single-center retrospective study. Seventy-nine NOCAD patients who hospitalized in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from July 2017 to March 2022 were recruited. All patients underwent conventional echocardiography examination and the examination of coronary flow velocity reserved by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE-CFVR). Based on the results of TTDE-CFVR, patients were divided into CMD group (CFVR<2.5, 32 cases) and a control group (CFVR≥2.5, 47 cases). Clinical data, routine echocardiographic parameters, regional mechanical indices including regional myocardial work index(RWI) and regional longitudinal strain(RLS), global mechanical indices including left ventricular global longitudinal strain(GLS), global longitudinal strain in the endocardial layer(GLS-endo), global longitudinal strain in the epicardial layer(GLS-epi), left ventricular global work index(GWI), global contractive work(GCW), global waste work(GWW), global work efficiency(GWE) were compared between two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CMD. ROC curve was used to construct a prediction model for CMD.Results:There was no significant difference in sex ratio, BMI, smoking history, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia between CMD group and control group. Age was significantly higher in the CMD group than in the control group. RWI, GWI, GCW, GWE and the absolute values of RLS, GLS, GLS-endo and GLS-epi were significantly lower in the CMD group than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease of absolute value of GLS was an independent risk factor for the CMD( OR=1.335, 95% CI=1.041-1.713, P=0.023). ROC curve showed that myocardial strain-related indexes had a good decrease value for the CMD. Conclusions:For patients with NOCAD, the presence of CMD is associated with the decrease of left ventricular regional and global systolic function.