The paper retrieved the literature information on the artificial bone and composite artificial bone in CNKI, Wanfang data and foreign databases such as Pubmed and SCI-E from 2009 to 2016, and summarized the characteristics and deficiency of all kinds of artificial bone materials.On this basis, it briefly described the functional application and the principles of the composite artificial bone repair materials, and introduced the application of tissue engineering and 3D printing technology in the field, which could provide reference for the exploration of new types of composite artificial bone repair materials.

ObjectiveTo determine the levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in sera and lesions as well as antioxidant capacity in sera of psoriatic patients,and to assess their correlations with disease severity.MethodsSerum and skin tissue samples were collected from 15 healthy controlsand 50 patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Spectrophotometry was performed to determine the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum samples.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemical SP method were carried out to detect the expression level of 8-iso-PGF2α in the serum and tissue specimens respectively.ResultsThe psoriatic patients showed a significant decrease in the serum level of TAOC((12.78 ± 7.75) U/ml vs. (23.17 ± 8.81) U/ml,P＜ 0.01) as well as the activities of SOD((28.91 ±9.35) U/ml vs.(51.36 ± 7.92) U/ml,P＜ 0.01) and GSH-Px ((180.64 ± 47.70) U vs.(244.20 ± 66.68) U,P ＜ 0.01 ) compared with the healthy controls.The serum T-AOC level and SOD activity were lower in patients with severe psoriasis than those with mild or moderate psoriasis ((9.06 ± 5.30) U/ml vs. (15.27 ± 8.18) U/ml,(21.63 ± 5.28) U/ml vs. (33.76 ± 8.28) U/ml,both P＜ 0.01 ),while there was no significant difference in the activity of GSH-Px between patients with severe and mild or moderate psoriasis.The serum CAT activity was significantly higher in patients with mild or moderate psoriasis than in the healthy controls and patients with severe psoriasis ( (36.92 ± 11.31 ) U/ml vs.( 28.55 ± 8.51 ) U/ml and (24.15 ± 9.36 ) U/ml,P ＜ 0.05 and 0.01 ).Increased serum and lesional 8-iso-PGF2α levels were observed in psoriatic patients compared with the healthy controls ( (88.77 ± 25.27) ng/L vs.(38.34 ± 8.94) ng/L,0.0186 ± 0.0082 vs.0.0027 ± 0.0014,both P ＜ 0.01),as well as in patients with severe psoriasis compared with those with mild or moderate psoriasis(( 114.24 ±13.93) ng/L vs.(71.78 ± 14.35) ng/L,0.0279 ± 0.0027 vs.0.0125 ± 0.0030,both P＜ 0.01 ).The psoriasis area and severity index(PASI) score was negatively correlated with T-AOC level,SOD and CAT activities(r =-0.384,-0.573 and -0.444,all P ＜ 0.01 ),positively correlated with serum and lesional 8-iso-PGF2α levels (r =0.710,0.783,both P ＜ 0.01 ),and uncorrelated with GSH-Px activity.None of the parameters was correlated with the course of disease.ConclusionThe serum and lesional levels of 8-iso-PGF2α may be a more sensitive marker for oxidative damage and disease severity.

Four small GTPase genes which may be relative to sclerotial development were firstly cloned from medicinal fungus Polyporus umbellatus using rapid amplification of cDNA end PCR (RACE) method. The results showed that full-length cDNA of PuRhoA was 698 bp contained 585 bp ORF, which was predicted to encode a 194 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 21.75 kD with an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.44; the full length cDNA of PuRhoA2 was 837 bp in length and encoded a 194 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 21.75 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.33; the full length cDNA of Puypt1 was 896 bp in length and encoded a 204-aa protein with a molecular weight of 22.556 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.75; the full length cDNA of PuRas was 803 bp in length and encoded a 212-aa protein with a molecular weight of 23.821 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.2. There are fani acyl transferase enzyme catalytic site and myrcene-transferase enzyme catalytic site in PuRhoA1 while the PuRhoA2 only possess myrcene-transferase enzyme catalytic site. Puypt1 contains the Rab1-Ypt1 conserved domain of small GTPase family and PuRas contains the fani acyl transferase enzyme catalytic site. According to the phylogenetic analysis all these four small GTPase clustered with basidiomycete group. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Puypt1, PuRas and PuRhoA1 transcripts were significantly higher in the beginning of sclerotial formation than that in the mycelia, whereas the transcripts levels of PuRhoA2 gene were particularly lower in sclerotia than that in mycelia, suggesting that these four genes might be involved in P umbellatus selerotial development.

Objective To observe the difference of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD),and to explore whether it was associated with duration of hemodialysis.Methods A total of 120 patients with MHD were divided into diabetic group (40 cases) and non-diabetic group (80 cases) according to the primary disease.The blood samples from the patients before dialysis were selected to test the serum VEGF and plasma MPO and other indicators.The blood samples from April 2012 to March 2013 were labeled diabetic group 1(40 cases) and non-diabetic group 1 (80 cases).The blood samples from April 2013 to March 2014 were labeled diabetic group 2 (40 cases) and non-diabetic group 2 (80 cases).Results The serum VEGF and plasma MPO levels were (74.63 ± 47.43) ng/L,(300.63 ± 235.37) μ g/L in diabetic group 1,and (63.69 ± 43.23) ng/L,(275.35 ± 216.32) μ g/L in non-diabetic group 1,and there were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The serum VEGF and plasma MPO levels were (83.32 ± 40.38) ng/L,(414.12 ±265.52) μg/L in diabetic group 2,and (70.89 ±39.74) rig/L,(289.45 ±202.85) μg/L in non-diabetic group 2,and there were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that VEGF was positively correlated with MPO in diabetic group 1 and diabetic group 2 (r =0.632 and 0.763,P ＜ 0.05),and VEGF was positively correlated with MPO in non-diabetic group 1 and non-diabetic group 2 (r =0.610 and 0.713,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with those in non-diabetic MHD patients,VEGF and MPO levels are significandy higher in diabetic MHD patients.In non-diabetic MHD patients and diabetic MHD patients,VEGF and MPO levels will rise gradually with duration of hemodialysis.The expressions of VEGF and MPO are associated with each other.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Methotrexate thermosensitive hydrogels,and to study the in vitro re-lease property of it. METHODS:Taking PLGA-PEG-PLGA as matrix and mannitol as viscosity modifiers,Methotrexate thermosen-sitive hydrogels were prepared. Using the absolute value of the deviation of gelation temperature between 35 ℃,its formulation was optimized by orthogonal test using the concentrations of PLGA-PEG-PLGA,methotrexate and mannitol as factors. The dialysis bag method was used to investigate accumulative release rate of Methotrexate thermosensitive hydrogels and methotrexate solution within 336 h in vitro. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as PLGA-PEG-PLGA of 20%,methotrexate of 0.10% and mannitol of 0.10%;gelation temperature were 35.1,35.0,35.0℃. The average drug-loading rate was more than 90%. 12 d accumulative re-lease rate was more than 90%(r=3). Methotrexate solution has been substantially completely relased within 240 h. CONCLU-SIONS:Methotrexate thermosensitive hydrogels with sustained-release are prepared successfully,and the preparation technology is simple and practical.

Objective To prepare triamcinolone acetonide acetate(TAA)thermosensitive hydrogel for intra-articular injection,and to investigate its release in vitro. Methods TAA suspending thermosensitive hydrogel was prepared by using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)-polyethylene glycol(PEG)-PLGA as gel matrices,xanthan gum as suspending agent and NaCl as flocculant. It was evaluated preliminarily by determining its contents and its in vitro release. Results The best compositions for preparation of TAA suspending thermosensitive hydrogel were 25% PLGA-PEG-PLGA,0.05% xanthan gum, 0.9% NaCl and 4 mg·mL-1 TAA.The gelation temperature was 35.3 ℃ .The average recovery was(98.98±0.31)%. By the method of membraneless dissolution,the accumulative drug release was up to 83. 31% at 16 days. The drug release followed Ritger-Peppas methematical model. Conclusion The TAA thermosensitive hydrogel with obviously sustained release is expected to become a new drug delivery system for intra-articular injection.

Objective:To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of three flavonoids on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells under hypoxia. Methods:The SKOV3 cells were divided into normoxic group and hypoxic group. The hypoxic SKOV3 cellular model in vitro was es-tablished and tested by measuring the expression profile of HIF-1αprotein in SKOV3 cells. Colony-forming assay was used to detect the radiosensitivity of normoxic and hypoxic SKOV3 cells. The cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects of flavonoids were evaluated on the basis of cell death and MTT assay. Results:The Western blot results showed that the gray intensity ratio of HIF-1α/β-Actin in hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in normoxia group (1. 068>0. 117). Radiosensitivity of hypoxic SKOV3 cells in hypoxia group was significantly lower than that in normoxia group. The survival rate of SKOV3 cells was decreased with the increase of concentration. When the concentration was increased, D0 and Dqin chrysin group and quercetin group were significantly decreased (P<0. 01), and SER was increased (P<0. 05). SER showed no significant difference in breviscapine group (P>0. 05). The overall radiobiological parameters of hypoxia group were higher than those of normoxia group. Conclusion: Hypoxia can induce the expression of HIF-1α in SKOV3 cells, which results in the decrease of radiosensitivity. Chrysin and quercetin can enhance the radiosensitivity of SKOV3 cells, and the enhancement is significant under hypoxia, while breviscapine is without such effect. The radiosensitizing effect may be achieved by the level decrease of HIF-1α in SKOV3 cells and inhibition of DNA damage repair.

A method was developed for the rapud screenung and confurmatuon of 18 perfluorunated compounds ( PFCs) and 21 precursors un fush muscle by solud phase extractuon and luquud chromatography coupled wuth quadrupole/exactuve orbutrap mass spectrometry (LC-Q Exactuve Orbutrap MS). In thus method, the sample was furstly extracted wuth acetonutrule-water (90∶10, V/V), cleaned-up by solud-phase extractuon usung Oasus PRuME HLB column. Then, 39 target compounds were separated on a BEH C18(2. 1 mm×100 mm, 1. 7 μm) column, and the background unterference caused by LC system was elumunated by a short C18 HPLC column located between the muxer and the auto sampler. In the process of quantufucatuon and qualufucatuon, a full MS/dd-MS2 experument was adopted un mass spectrometry acquusutuon, accompanued wuth the full scan MS date for quantufucatuon, as well as the date dependent MS2 product uon spectra for qualufucatuon. The mass accuracy error was less than 3×10-6, and the calubratuon curves were lunear well wuth correlatuon coeffucuent over 0. 99. The lumuts of detectuon ranged from 0. 02 to 0. 50 μg/kg. The average spuked recoverues for 39 target compounds were between 61 . 7% and 122 . 0%, wuth relatuve standard deruvatuons ( RSDs ) from 6 . 9% to 18 . 8%. The developed method was successfully applued to the sumultaneous determunatuon of 18 PFCs and 21 precursors un fush muscle wuth satusfactory results.

Objective To investigate the normal range of the femoral neck α-angle in normal Chinese adults and classify the morphology of the anterior femoral head-neck junction on CT-based images. Methods Six hundred and fifty-two adult patients (Bilateral: 459 patients, unilateral:193 patients) with the total of 1111 hips (552 left; 559 right, and 654 male; 457 female) without known diseases affecting the proximal femur or symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) underwent 64-slice CT scanning for medical purpose with the hip included in the scan range. The volume CT data was used for further analysis in this study. Oblique sagittal plane images paralleling to the axis of the femoral neck were reconstructed with the volume CT data, the image through the middle of the femoral neck was chosen to measure α-angle with AutoCAD2006 software. The morphology of the anterior femoral head-neck junction was classified. Analysis of variance and t-test were performed with SPSS 15.0. Results The mean value of α-angle of all 1111 hips was 38. 2° ±5.3°. The normal range of α-angle in Chinese adults was 28°to 49°.The mean value of left and right α-angles were 38. 0° ±5. 3°and 38.4° ±5. 3° ,respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between both sides (t = - 1. 231 ,P ＞ 0. 05 ). Males have greater α-angles than females 39. 2° ±5. 8 vs 36. 8° ±4. 1°, with t = -8. 180, P ＜0. 01. There was no statistically significant differences of the α-angles of the seven age groups (F = 1. 765, P ＞ 0. 05 ). In all 1111 proximal femora, 168 were classified as concave type, accounting for 15. 1%, with a mean α-angle of 31.2° ±2. 0°,726 were smooth type, accounting for 65.4%, with a mean α-angle of 37.4° ± 2. 4°, and 217 were flat type, accounting for 19.5%, with a mean α-angle of 46. 4° ±3. 8°. The differences of the α-angles of the three groups reached statistical significance ( F = 1636. 107, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions The morphology of anterior femoral head-neck junction can be classified into three types: concave type (type Ⅰ ), smooth type (type Ⅱ ) and flat type (type Ⅲ ). This classification could directly reflect α-angle, which helps to recognize the variation of the offset of anterior femoral head-neck junction. This study offers basic data for the diagnosis of FAI.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeability after acute cerebral ischemia in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by dynamic contrast-enhanced(DCE)-MRI. Methods Sixty MCAO rat models were established by suture-occlusion method. All rats were divided randomly into twelve groups with different ischemia duration (3 hours, 6 hours, permanent) and reperfusion times (2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion). Each group was examined by MRI at the time points. The BBB permeability parameters(Ktrans, Ve, Kep, rKtrans, rVe, rKep) were calculated by Siemens workstation and compared with Evans blue(EB) extravasation results. Multivariate analysis of variance (M-ANOVA), one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Pearson analysis were respectively used to verify the influences of ischemia duration and reperfusion time on BBB permeability parameters, EB extravasation and relationships between parameters. Results In 3 hours and 6 hours ischemia duration groups, change of BBB permeability after reperfusion appeared biphasic. At 2 hours and 6 hours after reperfusion, BBB permeability increased, while rKtrans values and rVe values rose and rKep values dropped. BBB permeability decreased at 12 hours and increased again at 24 hours after reperfusion. The highest BBB permeability was observed at 6 hours after reperfusion. However, BBB permeability in permanent ischemia groups had uniphasic change, as its increase was rather mild as ischemia time went on. rKtrans values(1.99± 0.79)were positively correlated with rVe values(2.88 ± 1.78) (r=0.93, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with rKep values(0.66 ± 0.21) (r=-0.84, P<0.01). The negative correlation between rVe values and rKep valueswas also significant(r=- 0.80, P<0.01). EB extravasation results were consistent with MRI findings. Conclusions BBB permeability change was biphasic in reperfusion groups, while it was uniphasic in permanent ischemia groups. DCE-MRI may accurately reflect the changes of BBB permeability after acute cerebral ischemia. Both ischemic duration and reperfusion time had influences on BBB permeability. With prolongation of ischemic time, the duration of BBB permeability increase became shorter, BBB damage appeared earlier, with increased degree of ischemic damage.