With the increasingly aging population,osteoporosis morbidity had been gradually increased and the incidence of the hips and vertebral fractures showed a trend of rapid growth,which brought great pain and economic burden to patients and society.There were a variety of anti-osteoporosis drugs clinically,which interfere with the development of osteoporosis via multi-approaches to reduce the clinical symptoms and improve their quality of life.In this paper,the author aimed to make a review of the research progress of anti-osteoporosis drug clinical application.

Objective To study the effect of long‐acting nitrate on cardiac function and expression of AngⅡreceptor (ATR)subtypes in kidneys of chronic heart failure (CHF)rats after myocardial infarction .Methods Ninety male Wistar rats aged 10 weeks were randomly divided into control group (group A ,n=9) ,sham operation group (group B ,n=8) ,HF model group (group C ,n=9) , low Elantan dose group (group D ,n=9) ,high Elantan dose group (group E ,n=9) ,olmesartan group (group F ,n=9) ,and combined high Elantan dose and olmesartan group (group G ,n=8) .A HF model was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery .The animals received gastric drugs for 6 weeks .Their cardiac function was assyed by ultrasound echocardiography and expressions of AT1 R and AT2 R were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blot ,respectively .Results The PRA and AngⅡexpression levels were significantly higher ,the AT1 R expression level was significantly higher and the AT2 R expression level was significantly lower in group C than in group B (P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05) .The PRA and AngⅡexpression levels were significantly lower ,the AT1 R expression level was significantly lower and the AT2 R expression level was significantly higher in groups E‐G than in group C (P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .The receptor expression levels were much higher in group G than in group F (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Long‐term use of long‐acting nitrate can effectively improve cardiac function and protect renal function .

Objective To investigate the expression of mutant BRCA2 gene in human breast cancer tissue and its clinic-healing significance.Methods The expression of mutant BRCA2 gene in breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues of 66 patients' samples was detected using immunofluorostainning(IFS)and the correlation between the expression of mutant BRCA2 and patient's clinic-pathological characteristic was analyzed.Results Among 66 patients' samples,87.8%(58/66)were up-regulated expression of mutant BRCA2 protein in breast cancer tissues and 12.2%(8/66)was no significant difference of the mutant BRCA2 expression between the cancer tissue and its corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues.The label index(LI)of mutant BRCA2 gene was higher in the cases of breast carcinoma's later clinical stage,poor tumor differentiation grade,breast scirrhus carcinomas,infiltrative breast carcinomas and metastasis.Conclusion The overexpression of mutant BRCA2 gene in human breast cancer tissue is positively related to the breast carcinoma's clinical stage,tumor differentiation grade,the tumor pathological type and metastasis,and it may influence the healing therapy of the breast cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1) in human breast cancer tissue and its relationship with patient's prognosis related factors.Methods The expression of PARP-1 in breast cancer tissues and their adjacent non-cancerous tissues from resection in 66 operated cases were detected using RT-PCR and immunofluorecence staining(IFS).The relationship between the expression of PARP-1 and the prognosis related factors was analyzed.Results Compared with that of the adjacent non-cancerous tissues,the expression of PARP-1 mRNA increased in 94.9%(62/66) patients,while the expression of PARP-1 protein increased in 90.9%(60/66) ones.The label index(LI) and the expression index(EI) of PARP-1 gene increased especially in the cases in later clinical stage,with poor tumor differentiation grade,of pure breast carcinomas or infiltrative breast carcinomas and of metastasis.Conclusion The expression of PARP-1 in human breast cancer tissue on the level of transcription and translation increases,which may be positively related with the patient's prognosis.

Objective T o explore the com position characteristic of event related potential (E R P ) in dif-ferent visual acuity levels, and to provide theoretical basis for the objective assessm ent of visual acuity. Methods M onocular stim ulus w as perform ed on 16 selected subjects. T he subjects w ere required to look straight at the screen ahead and count the am ount of stim uli from different directions. T he pictures of optotype stim ulus w hich corresponding to three different visual acuity levels w ere show ed in the center of the screen. The ERP results w ere recorded separately. Results (1) The P1 am plitudes of m atch stim uli recorded under the supra-threshold visual acuity level w ere higher than that of m atch stim uli recorded under the threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. T here w as no significant difference betw een the P 1 am plitudes of m atch stim uli recorded under the threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. T he tendency of conflict stim uli w as sim ilar to that of m atch stim uli under three visual acuity levels. (2) In the 340-500 m s post-stim ulus range, P 300 com ponent w as found under supra-threshold and threshold visual acuity levels; no P 300 com ponent w as found in corresponding tim e w indow under sub-threshold visual acuity. T he differences of P 300 am plitudes am ong three visual acuity levels w ere statistically significant. T he am plitudes from high to low w ere the supra-threshold, threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. Conclusion E R P can be a potential new m ethod for the objective assessm ent of visual acuity in forensic m edicine.

AIM To investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium in osteoporotic rats in vivo.METHODS Twelve rats were divided into model group and sham group,after which the osteoporotic rat model was established by removing bilateral ovaries.After intragastric administration with total flavonoids (500 mg/kg),HPLC-DAD was applied to detecting the plasma concentrations of total flavonoids' prototype glycosides (epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C,icariin) and their metabolites (sagittatoside A,sagittatoside B,2-O-rhamnosylicariside Ⅱ,baohuoside Ⅰ,icaritin) at thirteen time points (0.083,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24 and 48 h),then the plasma concentration-time curves were drawn,followed by the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTS Doubled peaks were observed in the plasma concentration-time curves of total flavonoids' prototype glycosides and their metabolites in both groups.Compared with the sham group,the integrated AUC and Cmax in the model group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),as well as the prolonged t1/2 (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The in vivo absorption and metabolism of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium are much slower in the state of osteoporosis,thus affects the efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the pharmacological effect of Zhixie Tuire Tablets(ZTT) on human rotavirus RV709 in host cells in vitro.Methods By improved methods of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetry assay(MTT) and cytopathic effect(CPE),the anti-rotavirus effect of ZTT on RV709 was evaluated.Results The half toxic concentration(TC50) of ZTT for MA104 was 0.49699 mg/mL.ZTT neither can directly kill human rotavirus,nor prevent human rotavirus from invasion of host cells.The halft inhibitory concentration of ZTT was 0.00519 mg/mL for RV709.Conclusion In-vitro anti-rotavirus mechanism of ZTT is related to the inhibition of the biological synthesis of rotavirus in host cells.

Humans ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Liver Diseases ; Microbiota

Objective To evaluate the effect of the intervention of involving clinical pharmacists in perioperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) prescription,including rationality of prescriptions,the length of hospital stay and economic evaluation.Methods We respectively selected TPN prescriptions in September to November 2015 (pre-intervention) and December 2015 to February 2016 (post-intervention) from a surgery department of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital.The data regarding rationality of prescription,length of hospital stay,and economic benefit were analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of involvement of clinical pharmacists in TPN prescriptions.Results A total of 81 patients with 115 TPN prescriptions before the intervention and 92 patients with 124 TPN prescriptions after the intervention were recruited.Through comparative analysis,the rationality of TPN prescriptions increased significantly after the participation of clinical pharmacists in terms of the rational glucose:fat ratio,energy:nitrogen ratio,electrolyte concentration,and the choice of vitamin preparations;and the utilization of controversial treatments such as invert sugar and other drugs into readyto-use TPN solution was decreased significantly;average daily cost of TPN was decreased from (1 021 ± 218) yuan to (860 ± 176) yuan (P ＜0.001);average duration of hospital stays was decreased but the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the data before the intervention,serum albumin levels after the intervention showed no statistically significant difference but pre-albumin levels were significantly higher after the participation of clinical pharmacists [(175.0 ± 77.9) g/L vs.(153.2 ± 64.8) g/L,P ＜ 0.05].The liver and kidney function indicators showed no statistically significant differences between pre-and post-intervention (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Engaging clinical pharmacists in TPN prescription can improve prescription rationality,ensure clinical drug safety,reduce the daily cost of nutrition treatment and thus reduce the economic burden of patients.

Objective To establish a GC method for simultaneous determine of camphor, borneol and bornyl acetate in Shenling Baizhu Powder. Methods Capillary column was used with 100% methyl polysiloxane as stationary phase. The temperature-programmed was as follows:starting temperature of 60 ℃, 5 ℃/min, rose to 130 ℃, kept for 5 minutes, followed by 20 ℃/min up to 230 ℃, and kept for 5 minutes. Results The average recovery rate of camphor was 99.87%, RSD was 1.3%, and good linear relationship was showed in the range of 0.003 77-0.150 8 μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery of borneol was 100.71%, RSD was 2.1%, and good linear relationship was showed in the range of 0.002 411-0.096 4 μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate of bornyl acetate was 101.95%, RSD was 1.3%, and good linear relationship was showed in the range of 0.003 02-0.121 1 μg (r=0.999 9). Conclusion The method is simple, reliable, accurate, and can effectively control the quality of Amomi Fructus in Shenling Baizhu Powder.