Objective The objective of this study was to investigate effects of lycopene(LP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and to explore its mechanism.Methods HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with 0,5,10,20 μg/mL of LP and 40 μg/mL of Cisplatin for 48 h.Ten replicates in each dose were designed in this study.After treatments,the cell viability was measured by MTT colorimetric assay.The distribution of cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry(FCM).The mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by RT-PCR.The expression of Caspase-3 protein was explored by Western blot.Results The inhibition rate of HepG2 cells was significantly increased by 10 μg/mL and 20μ g/mL of LP or 40 μg/mL of cisplatin when compared to the negative control group.The cell cycle of HepG2 cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase and the apoptosis rate were significantly increased in comparison with the negative control group.The level of Bax mRNA expression was significantly increased and decreased in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA.They were shown an increasing ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and up-regulated Caspase-3 protein in HepG2 cells treated with LP.All effects in this study show a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion LP can inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis in HepG2 cells.This mechanism may be contributed to arresting cell cycle and regulating gene expression related to apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of lycopene on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma cell HepG2.Methods The human HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with lycopene (5,10,20 μg/ml) and cisplatin (40 pg/ml).The cellular growth inhibition rate was calculated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) after 48 h,and cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry.The expressions of Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results After 48 h intervention,the cellular growth inhibition rate of human HepG2 cell in blank control group was 0,and in lycopene (5,10,20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were (21.3 ±4.2)％,(40.5 ±7.6) ％,(63.8 ± 9.1) ％,(37.8 ± 5.9) ％,with significant difference (F =37.905,P =0.000);and compared with blank control group respectively,the differences were statistically significant (t =208.124,P =0.000;t=394.637,P=0.000;t=628.592,P=0.000;t=257.168,P=0.000).The G0-G1 phase rates in lycopene (10,20 pg/ml) groups were (54.0 ± 2.9) ％ and (67.3 ± 3.6) ％,compared with blank control group (37.9± 1.5)％,the differences were statistically significant (t =4.508,P =0.024;t =10.673,P =0.006).The G2-M phase rates in lycopene (10,20 μg/ml) groups were (8.5 ± 0.6)％ and (4.7 ± 0.5)％,compared with blank control group (18.4 ± 0.8) ％,the differences were statistically significant (t =9.975,P =0.008;t =13.864,P =0.003).The apoptosis index (AI) in lycopene (5,10,20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were (19.5 ± 4.8) ％,(43.0 ± 9.2) ％,(67.6 ± 10.1) ％ and (36.9 ± 6.8) ％,compared with blank control group [(3.6 ± 1.7)％],the differences were statistically significant (t =18.617,P =0.001;t =34.295,P =0.000;t =51.437,P =0.000;t =29.804,P =0.000).The expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in lycopene (10,20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were 0.42 ± 0.09,0.43 ±0.14,1.02 ±0.39;0.27 ±0.08,0.76 ±0.19,2.81 ±0.85;0.34 ±0.11,0.31 ±0.09,0.91 ±0.40,respectively.Compared with blank control group (0.59 ±0.17,0.18 ±0.06,0.31 ±0.12),the expressions of Bcl-2 were significantly down-regulated,and the differences were statistically significant (t =4.327,P =0.023;t =11.064,P =0.006;t =5.182,P =0.018),the expressions of Bax were significantly upregulated,and the differences were statistically significant (t =9.837,P =0.008;t =17.349,P =0.001;t =10.165,P =0.007),the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant (t=11.521,P=0.006;t=18.194,P=0.001;t=9.537,P=0.008).The expressions of cleaved Caspase-3 protein in lycopene (5,10,20 μg/ml) groups and cisplatin group were 0.25 ± 0.07,0.34 ±0.11,0.46 ± 0.18 and 0.17 ± 0.05,compared with blank control group (0.08 ± 0.03),the differenees were statistically significant (t =8.307,P =0.009;t =13.067,P =0.006;t =16.218,P =0.003;t =5.202,P =0.019).Conclusion Lycopene has inhibitive effect on the growth of human HepG2 cells perhaps through inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis,which may be related to its effects of altering the cell cycle and the expressions of apoptosis-related genes and proteins.

Objective To evaluate the results of rotary self-locking intramedullary nail (RSIN) for treating long tubular bone fracture of extremities, and discuss the current problems. Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients with long tubular bone fracture of extremities,including 59 femoral fractures,57 tibial fractures and 6 humeral fractures,who had been treated by RSIN were retrospectively investigated. Results All of the patients achieved clin-ical healing,with an average time of 24 weeks. Nobody was found to appear maluniun,infection and the break of inter-nal fixture. Internal fixations were removed after the fracture healing,with an average time of 14 months. It was diffi-cult to remove the internal fixations in 5 cases, and one case refractured after removing the internal fixations. Conclu-sion RSIN has the advantages such as easy operation,less trauma,no pendulum effect,early motion after operation and so on, except the characters of general interlocking intramedullary nail such as anti-rotation, anti-crispition and anti-displacement.

Objective Islet transplantation has been an effective method for diabetes mellitus. The quality of donor pancreas is important for successful islet isolation. In this study, we evaluated expanded criteria donor usability based on the warm ischemic time, fatty pancreas and perfusion injury. Methods The marginal pancreases include those from cardiac death donor, fatty pancreas and edema pancreas from perfusion injury. Islets were isolated and purified using a modified University of Minnesota method. Islet yield and purity was determined by Dithizone (DTZ) staining and microscopic examination. Islet viability was assessed by AO/EB staining, and islet function was assessed by static glucose stimulation test. Results In the cardiac death donor group, the islet quality, viability, and in vitro function were similar when the warm ischemic time within 15 min. The quality and viability was decreased when the warm ischemic time beyond 30 min, but the function remained well. With 45 min warm ischemic time, insulin release index was decreased significantly. The islet quality, viability, and in vitro function from severe obesity group and severe edema group were decreased obviously. Conclusion Donor factors play a vital role in pancreas transplant outcomes. We concluded that pancreas severe obesity, severe edema and pancreas from cardiac donors (warm ischemic time ＞30 min) are unsuitable for islet isolation.

China ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Escherichia coli O157 ; classification ; genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Molecular Typing ; Virulence

Objective:To explore the serotype distribution and drug resistance of Shigella in stool samples of children under five years old with diarrhea from 2008 to 2017 in Sui County, Henan Province. Methods:A total of 4 721 stool samples of children under five years old with diarrhea were collected from Doufuyuan Clinic of Sui County during 2008 to 2017, and Shigella strains were isolated through bacterial culture. The slide agglutination test was used for serotyping of Shigella strains. Two hundred of seventy-one Shigella strains were selected in proportion, and multiple gradient polymerase chain reaction was used to detect virulence genes and Kirby-Bauer agar method was used for drug sensitivity. Trend chi square test was used to analyze the annual trend of drug resistance. Results:The detection rate of Shigella strains in 4 721 fecal samples was 20.69% (977/4 721). A total of 977 Shigella strains were divided into 13 serotypes in two groups, including 77.79%(760/977) Shigella flexneri strains and 22.21%(217/977) Shigella sonnei strains.The top three serotypes detected alternately every year.The dominant gene pattern of Shigella flexneri was Shigella enterotoxin ( shET)-1+ , shET-2+ , invasion plasmid antigen H ( ipaH)+ , invasion-associated locus ( ial)+ , accounted for 84.04%(179/213) and that of Shigella sonnei was shET-1-, shET-2+ , ipaH+ , ial+ , accounted for 46.55%(27/58). The drug resistance rates of 271 Shigella strains to ampicillin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline were more than 90% and the strains were more sensitive to cefepime and ceftazidime.The drug resistance rates to cefotaxime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim increased year by year, and all had statistically significant differences ( χ2=24.027, 7.232, 6.039, 4.764 and 6.809, respectively, all P< 0.05). There were 98.52%(267/271) strains resistant to more than three kinds of drugs. The resistance rates of Shigella flexneri to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and chloramphenicol were higher than those of Shigella sonnei, and the resistance rates to gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were lower than those of Shigella sonnei. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=31.866, 14.868, 83.036, 68.534 and 14.738, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The major serotypes of Shigella in children under five years old in Sui County are constantly changing from 2008 to 2017. The dominant gene patterns of different serotypes are different. Most isolated strains have multiple drug resistances, and different serotypes have different resistance profiles.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics and periodicity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of HFRS in Jingzhou City.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect HFRS case data and population data of Jingzhou City and 8 counties (cities, districts) within its jurisdiction, including Shashi District, Jingzhou District, Gongan County, Jianli City, Jiangling County, Shishou City, Honghu City, and Songzi City from 1962 to 2020, from the Archives of the Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System of the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System; and the epidemic characteristics of HFRS was analyzed in Jingzhou City and 8 counties (cities, districts) within its jurisdiction. The periodicity of HFRS onset was determined using wavelet analysis.Results:From 1962 to 2020, 18 936 HFRS cases were reported in Jingzhou City, with an average incidence rate of 5.95/100 000. There were a total of three epidemic peaks, namely from 1972 to 1973 (24.82/100 000, 24.84/100 000), 1983 (60.08/100 000), and 1995 (14.57/100 000). According to different regions, the high incidence areas of HFRS showed a phased transfer trend: from the 1960s to the 1970s, the Jiangbei area (Honghu City, Jianli City) was the highest incidence area; in the 1980s and 1990s, the high incidence areas were transferred to Jiangnan area (Songzi City, Shishou City, and Gongan County); after 2005, high incidence areas were relocated to Jiangbei area (Honghu City, Jianli City, Jiangling County). The wavelet analysis results showed that there were 12.30 and 21.77 years of HFRS epidemic cycles in Jingzhou City before 2000 ( P < 0.05); among them, the periodicity of Shashi District, Gongan County, Jiangling County, Shishou City, and Honghu City was relatively consistent with that of Jingzhou City, with epidemic cycles of about 12 or 22 years ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Jingzhou City is currently at the peak of a 22-year epidemic cycle of HFRS, with Jiangbei area as the high incidence areas. The 12-year epidemic cycle in Jingzhou City has ended after 2000.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in China from 2004 to 2018, in order to understand the development trend of brucellosis.Methods:The surveillance data of brucellosis in China from 2004 to 2018 were collected from National Public Health Science Data Center. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trend of brucellosis incidence in China and various provinces. Overall trends were estimated by the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL) was used to analyze the seasonal characteristics of brucellosis in China and various provinces. The age-related thermodynamic diagram of incidence rate was used to analyze the characteristics of age-onset changes.Results:From 2004 to 2018, a total of 524 980 brucellosis cases and 16 deaths were reported nationwide, with a incidence rate of 2.61/100 000 and a case fatality rate of (3.05 × 10 -3)%. The incidence of brucellosis in China was on the rise (AAPC = 11.58%, 95% CI: 7.91% - 15.25%, P < 0.001). There was no significant trend of change in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces ( P > 0.05). Tibet Autonomous Region showed a downward trend (AAPC = - 55.19%, P < 0.001). All other provinces were showing an upward trend (AAPC > 0, P < 0.05). The peak incidence in China occurred from April to June. In terms of provinces, the peak incidence in Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Fujian and Anhui provinces occurred from April to August, the peak incidence in Chongqing and Shanghai cities occurred from June to August, and the peak incidence in other provinces was generally from April to June. There were reports of brucellosis cases in all age groups nationwide, and the age distribution showed an inverted "V" shape. The peak incidence occurred in the 50 - 54 years old (5.43/100 000), followed by the 60 - 64 years old (4.94/100 000). From 2004 to 2018, the top 3 age groups of incidence rate changed from 40 - 44, 50 - 54 and 35 - 39 years old in 2004 to 50 - 54, 60 - 64 and 55 - 59 years old in 2018. Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis is on the rise nationwide and in most provinces from 2004 to 2018. The high incidence age is gradually changing to the elderly population.