Objective To translate the Tool for Evaluating the Ways Nurses Assess Pain (TENAP) in the aged into the Chinese version and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods The model of Brislin double translation and back translation as well as expert consultation were used to translate the English version TENAP into the Chinese version. A total of 210 nurses of geriatrics associated departments were investigated. At the same time, the reliability and validity of the TENAP were evaluated. Results The Chinese version TENAP consisted of two parts including the cognition subscale and the behavior subscale, along with a total 18 items. There were 12 items in the cognition subscale; exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors of it (pain of the aged, analgesic of drugs and pain measurement) which accounted for 47.035% of the cumulative contribution rate; the correlation coefficients among scores of factors and the total score was 0.778 to 0.800; the Cronbach's α and retest reliability of the subscale were 0.756 and 0.762 respectively. There were 6 items in the behavior subscale whose one common factor was extracted with 52.097% for the cumulative contribution rate;the Cronbach's α and retest reliability of the subscale were 0.803 and 0.815 respectively. The average content validity of all items of the Chinese version TENAP was 0.92 and content validity index per item ranged from 0.8 to 1.0. Conclusions The Chinese version TENAP has the acceptable reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the knowledge-attitude-practice of nurses in assessing pain of the aged in China.

Suffering is prevalent in the palliative care population and is an important factor affecting the quality of life of palliative care patients and their family caregivers. In this paper, we review the assessment content, measurement methods, current application status and advantages and disadvantages of suffering assessment tools for palliative care patients, analyze the problems of current suffering assessment tools for palliative care patients and make suggestions, aiming to provide reference for palliative suffering treatment in China.