Objective:To determine the immunological effects of a new type adjuvant CTA 1-DD/IgG.Methods:Intranasal im-munization of BALB/c mice with OVA in combination with adjuvant CTA 1-DD or CTA1-DD/IgG.Blood samples were subjected to OVA-specific IgG Abs detection and IgG subclass profiles assessment using ELISA.Splenic plasma cells secreting anti-OVA Abs were detected by ELISPOT.Results:CTA1-DD/IgG showed stronger activity in inducing OVA-specific IgG Abs and splenic Abs-secreting cells compared with CTA1-DD.The enhancement of IgG1,IgG2a and IgG2b Abs were observed,and the ratio IgG2a/IgG1 were >1 in both groups.Conclusion: CTA1-DD/IgG can exert enhanced adjuvant effects compared with CTA 1-DD.Mixed IgG subclasses are induced,indicating a more balanced Th1/Th2 response.

Group-A rotaviruses are recognized as the most common cause of acute diarrhea. Phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes of rotaviruses circulating in Nanjing (China) could aid in the development of rotavirus vaccines. A total of 908 stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from acute diarrhea in Nanjing between October 2012 and December 2013, and were tested further for rotaviruses. Fifty rotavirus isolates selected randomly were typed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using serotype-specific primers for G genotyping. VP7 genes of 19 G9 strains were sequenced for further genetic characterization. Among the 908 stool specimens examined during the surveillance period, 103 (11.34%) were rotavirus-positive. G9 was the most predominant genotype (78.0%), followed by G2, G1 and G3. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes of serotype G9 rotaviruses revealed these strains to comprise two lineages (G9-VI, G9-III) and to be dominated by the G9-VI lineage (which belonged to a unique subcluster of Japanese and Chinese G9 strains). Amino-acid sequences of the four antigenic regions (A, B, C or F) were variant among a portion of strains, which may have contributed to the prevalence of G9 rotaviruses in this area.
Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Capsid Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Infant ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Serogroup

Objective:The hemagglutintin (HA) gene of human influenza viruses of H3N2 subtype circulating in Nanjing from 2014 to 2016 was sequenced, and the genetic variation and evolution characteristics of HA gene were analyzed.Methods:Among the positive H3N2 influenza virus, a total of 27 strains were randomly selected according to the time period for virus isolation in MDCK cells. Viral RNA was extracted, HA gene of influenza virus was amplified by reverse transcritase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. The molecular sequence characteristics were analyzed, and genetic evolution characteristics and important functional sites were further analyzed.Results:The HA nucleotide length of H3N2 Nanjing strains was 1 701 bp, encoding 566 amino acids. Highly homologous with WHO recommended vaccine strains in the same year, with sequence similarity of 97.9%-99.5%. Evolutionary analysis showed that the Nanjing strains from 2014 to 2016 were divided into two branches in the evolutionary tree, and realized the transformation from genotype 3c.3a to 3c.2a. Multiple epitope amino acid variations occurred in different years of Nanjing strains.Conclusions:The prevalent strains of H3N2 influenza virus in Nanjing from 2014 to 2016 have high homology with the vaccine strains, the vaccine can provide a certain protective effect. HA gene antigen variation and molecular genetic evolution are active, so it is necessary to continuously monitor the antigen site changes and genetic evolution characteristics of the virus, so as to prepare for the epidemic of H3N2 in the next influenza virus season.