Current occupational health and occupational medicine teaching content focused on the detection of harmful factors,and more belonged to validation experiments.Closed-end management of experimental teaching,experimental report-based performance evaluation methods and single model of teaching methods reduced the students' study interesting,lack of problem-solving abilities.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the experimental curriculum,adopt an open experimental teaching,build a reasonable experimental evaluation system and promote the diversification of teaching model.

Objective To evaluate the effects of handholding and providing information on physiology and psychology in patients undergoing percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy under local anesthesia. Methods A total of 74 patients receiving percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy under local anesthesia in China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group by random number table, with 60 cases in each. During surgery,the patients in the control group only received routine cares, in the intervention group, except the routine cares, nurses held the hands of patients for 20-30 seconds every 10 minnutes and provided them with spoken information. Then the State-Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used for assessment of anxiety and pain of two groups of patients. Results The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in SAI score between both groups the day before surgery and before surgery in operation room (P>0.05). The SAI scores of the control group (42.30 ± 10.14) was lower than that of the intervention group (35.35 ± 8.00), there was statistically significant difference between both groups (t=3.273, P=0.002);the VAS score in the control group (54.16 ± 22.02) was lower than that of the intervention group (41.68 ± 15.30), there was statistically significant difference between both groups (t=2.832,P=0.006). Conclusions The nursing method of handholding and providing information for patients who undergoing percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy under local anesthesia is very useful intervention, it can mitigate surgical anxiety,pain degree. It makes patients more comfortable whether in physiology or psychology and better fit surgery.

Objective To determine the improved effect of methylene blue(MB)on cognitive func-tion in brain-inflammatory-aging rats and investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods A total of 38 healthy 12-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into healthy control group,lipopo-lysaccharide(LPS)group,MB vehicle group and MB group,with 8 rats in the control and 10 rats in the other three groups.LPS was injected into the fourth ventricle with aid of a subcutaneous sustained release pump to establish a rat model of brain chronic inflammatory aging.MB of 0.5 mg/(kg·d)was added into the pump in the rats from the MB group.T-maze test and new object recognition test were employed to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of the rats.The acti-vation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats was detected by im-munofluorescence assay.The release of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6 was measured by ELISA,and neuronal death in the CA1 region was assessed by neuronal nuclei(NeuN)fluores-cence staining.Results There was no significant difference in the exploration time for new and old objects between the LPS group and the MB solvent group(P＞0.05).The MB group spent significantly longer time in exploring the new objects than the old object(22.50±4.32 s vs 11.60± 3.01 s,P=0.000).The alternating selection rate of new arm and expression level of NeuN antigen were significantly decreased,and the expression levels of ionized calcium binding adaptor mole-cule-1(Iba-1)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and the contents of IL-1β and IL-6 were obviously increased(P＜0.05)in the LPS group and the MB vehicle group than the healthy con-trol group.Compared with the MB vehicle group,the MB group had notably increased alternating selection rate of new arms and higher NeuN expression level,and decreased Iba-1 and GFAP ex-pression and IL-1β and IL-6 contents(P＜0.05).Conclusion Subcutaneous administration of MB could significantly inhibit the damages of spatial learning and memory abilities in the LPS-induced brain chronic inflammatory aging rats.The mechanism may be closely associated with MB inhibi-ting inflammatory glial cells and protecting hippocampal pyramidal neurons.