BACKGROUND:Low concentration of nicotine promotes the angiogenesis and facilitates the healing of skin wounds. However, the role of low concentration of nicotine on the repair of maxil ofacial soft tissue trauma especial y oral mucosa stil remains unclear
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of low concentration of nicotine on mucosa defect repair of rat hard palate.
METHODS:A circular soft tissue defect at 3 mm diameter was produced in the centre of hard palate of 65 Wistar rats. After the operation, animals were randomly divided into low concentration of nicotine with gel group, gel group and control group. Rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days post-surgery. The wound healing was detected with hematoxylin-eosin staining and the difference of wound healing in different groups was compared with gross observation and image measurement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in the wound healing in different groups on day 3 post-surgery. On days 7 and 10, the group of low concentrations of nicotine with gel was faster than gel group and control group (P<0.05);the wounds were completely healed on day 14, with no significant difference among the groups. Low concentrations of nicotine may promote the mucosa defects repair of rat hard palate.

Objective Antimicrobial peptides are the focus of recent research in oral microbiology .This study aimed to eval-uate the activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide pm 11 against oral microorganisms and its action mechanisms . Methods We ana-lyzed the effect of pm11 on oral microorganisms and determined its antimicrobial activity in the saliva environment by measuring its min -imal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericide concentration (MBC), and bactericidal kinetics.We observed its bacteri-cidal activity on the biofilms of streptococcus mutans by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the structural changes in the bacterial membrane by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The antimicrobial activity of pm11 varied greatly against dif-ferent oral microorganisms , with its MIC values ranging from 2 μg/mL to 256 μg/mL and its MBC values from 2 μg/mL to >256μg/mL.The bactericidal kinetics showed a decreasing survival rate of bacteria with the lengthening of the intervention time .The inhib-itory-zone diameters exhibited no significant indifference between the water solution and the sterile saliva solution .CLSM revealed an increased number of dead bacteria in the pm 11-treated biofilms , while SEM manifested obvious changes in the shape of the bacteria membrane treated with pm11. Conclusion Our findings suggest that pm11 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities on oral mi-croorganisms and a potential value of clinical application .

Objective Streptococcus sanguis is a possible candidate bacterium for the caries replacement therapy, which has no advantages in the acidic environment.The aim of the study was to construct acid-resistant strains of Streptococcus sanguis, determine its acid tolerance, and explore the mechanism of its antagonism against Sterptococcus mutans.Methods By gradually reducing the pH value of the medium, we constructed acid-resistant strains of Streptococcus sanguis, observed their growth and measured their acid tolerance according to their survival rate against lethal pH.We evaluated the competitive relationship between Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans by plate experiment and detected the changes of related acid resistance genes by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The growth of Streptococcus sanguis and its acid-resistant strains were limited by the pH value, and that of Streptococcus sanguis was better in either acidic or normal environment.The lethal pH value of Streptococcus sanguis was 3.6, that of its acid-resistant strains was 2.3, and the survival rate of the acid-resistant strains was 66.59% in the pH 3.6 environment.In comparison, the lethal pH value of Streptococcus mutans was 2.5, that of its acid-resistant strains was 2.1, and the survival rate of the acid-resistant strains was 2.55% in the pH 2.5 environment.In the presence of chloramphenicol, the acid-resistant strains could not survive in the original lethal pH.In the sub-lethal pH environment, the expressions of the acid resistance-related genes Groel and Dnak in the acid-resistant strains were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in the original Streptococcus sanguis (P<0.05).Conclusion Streptococcus sanguis has an acid adaptability and can enhance acid resistance in the sub-lethal pH environment.Acid-resistant Streptococcus sanguis in the replacement therapy may provide some new ideas for the treatment of dental caries.

Objective To explore the relationship between prospective memory (PM), retrospective memory (RM) and social function in old patients with schizophrenia. Methods 54 old patients with schizophrenia and 54 healthy controls were evaluated with logical memory (LM)IQ, LMIIQ of Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV), Chinese Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT), University of California at San Diego (UCSD) Performance- based Skills Assessment- brief (UPSA- B), and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Results The scores of LMIQ, LMIIQ, event-based prospective memory (EBPM), time-based prospective memory (TBPM), IQ, and UPSA-B were poorer in the patients than in the controls (P<0.001). The score of UPSA-B was positively correlated with LMIQ (r=0.524, P<0.001), LMIIQ (r=0.427, P<0.001), EBPM (r=0.437, P<0.001), TBPM (r=0.479, P<0.001) and IQ (r=0.709, P<0.001). Linear regression analysis indicated that TBPM (β=0.811, P=0.007), IQ (β=0.610, P<0.001) were contributing factors for the score of UPSA-B. Conclusion Schizophrenics may complicate the impairment of PM and RM, and the former may be independent fluence to their social function.

Objective To investigate the type,clinical and imaging features of iatrogenic bile duct injury and the efficacy and safety of endoscopic and interventional radiology therapy.Methods A total of 48 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury who have undergone endoscopic and/or interventional therapy from January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2016 were enrolled.Patients' general information,causes of injury,clinical manifestations,treatment methods,efficacy and complications were retrospectively analyzed.Results The causes of iatrogenic bile duct injury were cholecystectomy(45.8％,22/48),liver transplantation (35.4％,17/48),transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (8.3％,4/48),Roux-en-Y anastomosis (6.3％,3/48) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (4.2％,2/48).The most common type of iatrogenic bile duct injury was stenosis of intra/extra bile ducts (66.7％,32/48).Other types included biliary fistula(18.8％,9/48),hemobilia (10.4％,5/48) and stenosis of anastomotic stoma (4.2％,2/48).The most common clinical manifestations were jaundice (37.5％,18/48) and abdominal pain (29.2％,14/48).Other clinical manifestations were fever (14.6％,7/48),hematemesis or melena (8.3％,4/48) and abnormal drainage fluid (8.3％,4/48).Diagnosis was confirmed by angiography,cholangiography or endoscopy.The overall effective rate of minimally invasive therapy was 91.7％ (44/48) and the most common complications were fever (16.7％,8/48) and pancreatitis (10.4％,5/48).Other complications were hemobilia (2.1％,1/48),cardia dilaceration (2.1％,1/48) and biliary fistula caused by catheter shedding(2.1％,1/48).Conclusion Iatrogenic bile duct injury could occur after upper abdominal surgeries,endoscopic or interventional procedures.Early diagnosis and treatment with endoscopic or vascular interventional methods can achieve satisfying efficacy and safety.

Objective:To investigate the labial(buccal)bone thickness at alveolar crest zone and alveolar crest height of the maxil-lary anterior teeth and premolars of young adults with normal occlusion.Methods:The alveolar bone of the anterior teeth and premo-lars of 67 eligible Han national young volunteers was scanned by CBCT.Then the facial bone thickness and the distance between the facial alveolar crest and Cemento-enamel Junction(CEJ)of the anterior teeth and premolars were measured and analyzed after recon-struction.Results:The distance between labial (buccal)crest and labial (buccal)CEJ of the maxillary first premolars was the lar-gest(P <0.05);there was a negative correlation between the labial(buccal)crest height and the facial alveolar bone thickness at 2 mm from CEJ toward root derection[(P <0.05),0.6 <|r|<0.8].Conclusion:The labial (buccal)crest of the first premolars was higher than that of other teeth in maxillary aesthetic zone.At alveolar crest zone,when the labial (buccal)bone was thinner,the dis-tance between labial (buccal)crest and labial (buccal)CEJ was larger,and the implant aesthetic risk is higher.

[Abstract ] Objective More and more researches demonstrate that epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) is highly rele-vant to cancer metastasis , tissue fibrosis and skin wound healing , but its role in the wound healing of oral mucosa still needs further ex-ploration.This study was designed to discuss the effects of EMT on the wound healing of lingual mucous membrane in rats . Methods A 3mm-diameter circular defect was made on the mucosa of lingual dorsum in 8-week-old Wistar rats.The rats were put to death at day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 after operation.We observed tissue healing process by HE staining and used immunohistochemical fluorescence to detect the expressions of EMT-related protein E-cadherin(E-cad), Vimentin and Fibroblast specific proteins (FSP1) in lingual mucous membrane during wound healing . Results The expressions of E-cad at the edge of the wound in the lingual mucous membrane of rats at day 2 and 4 after operation were less than those at day 0 and 1 after operation , while interstitial cell specific protein Vimentin and FSP1 were positively expressed in the epidermal basal layer .The wound of lingual mucous membrane healed completely at day 8 after operation , and E-cad expression was close to that at day 0 after operation .A small amount of Vimentin and FSP 1 expressed in the epi-thelial basal layer . Conclusion E-cad, Vimentin, FSP1 are involved in the wound healing process of lingual mucous membrane . During the wound healing in the tongue mucous membrane of rats , some epithelial cells gain the feature of mesenchymal cells in the process of migration to wound centre .EMT has played an important role during wound healing of lingual mucous membrane in rats .

Objective To explore the rehabilitation for chorea after bilateral thalamus hemorrhage. Methods A case was reviewed. Re-sults The score of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of balance increased from 0 to 7, the modified Barthel Index increased from 25 to 50, and the co-ordination of movement improved significantly after rehabilitation treatment. Conclusion Early comprehensive rehabilitation may reduce the chorea movement, improve the activities of daily living and balance for chorea after bilateral thalamus hemorrhage.

Objective To detect the volume changes of cerebral gray and white matter in patients with maintaining hemodialysis using voxel-based morphometry(VBM) and to correlate these changes with cognitive function. Methods Forty-two patients with maintaining hemodialysis and 41 age and sex matched normal subjects were recruited in this study. MMSE was obtained to evaluate their neuropsychiatric conditions. Whole brain high-resolution T1WI was performed on 3.0 T MR scanner in both patients and normal controls. The data were analyzed by VBM based on SPM8, using analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) software package with the Monte Carlo simulation method(AlphaSim method) for multiple cluster level comparisons correction. Independent sample t test analysis was used to compare the volume of gray and white matter between the patients and normal controls. In addition, Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the voxel value of cerebral volume changes area and dialysis duration and clinical laboratory examination, and Spearman correlation analysis was used for the correlation between the left insula voxel values and neuropsychological test scores. Results Compared with normal controls, patients showed significantly decreased volume in the grey matter of the right putamen, the left putamen, the left insula (numbers of voxel in clusters were 455, 561, 162, t=-9.5681,-5.9516,-5.7185,P<0.001, AlphaSim-corrected). There was negative correlation between decreased grey matter volume of the right putamen[(0.53 ± 0.12)mm3]and the left putamen[(0.48 ± 0.12)mm3] and dialysis duration [19.0(1.5-114.0)months] (r=-0.330,-0.307,P<0.05). MMSE score of patients[29(21-30)score] was significantly lower than normal controls[30(28-30)score] (Z=-30.58,P<0.01). Decreased grey matter volume of the left insula [(0.39 ± 0.12) mm3] was positively correlated with MMSE(r=0.320, P<0.05). Conclusions The patients with maintaining hemodialysis show grey matter atrophy which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. Dialysis duration may be an important risk factor for decreased gray matter in patients with maintaining hemodialysis.

Objective To verify the clinical applicability of the published standard intervals of routine clinical chemistry (WS/T404 .1‐2012 ,WS/T404 .2‐2012) based on the health examination results of Han and Uygur populations in Urumqi .Methods This was a retrospective study .The results of serum TP ,ALB ,ALT ,AST ,ALP ,GGT from healthy examination individuals of Han and Uygur populations (from 2013 August to 2015 January) were collected and the healthy cases (age range:20 -79 years old) were chosen to calculate the 2 .5% and 97 .5% percentiles ,excluding the significant abnormal results according to the Medical Deciding Level 2 recommended by Staland .The percents of health cases not falling in the published standard interval were calculated to meet the judgment criterion of verification (<10% ) .Results The test of normality revealed that the Han and Uygur's results of all veri‐fied items were skewed distributions .The 2 .5% and 97 .5% percentiles of the results of two populations were as follows ,TP(Han 65 -81 g/L ;Uygur 64-81 g/L) ,ALB(Han 41-53 g/L ;Uygur 40-52 g/L) ,ALT(Han:male 9-51 U/L and female 7-42 U/L ;Uygur:male 9-53 U/L and female 6-43 U/L) ,AST(Han:male 14-42 U/L and female 12-37 U/L ,Uygur:male 12-42 U/L and female 12-38 U/L) ,ALP(Han:male 45-119 U/L ;Uygur:male 47-122 U/L) ,ALP(female 20-49 years old:Han 35-95 U/L and Uygur 40-104 U/L) ,ALP(female 50-79 years old:Han 43-131 U/L and Uygur 51-132 U/L) ,GGT(Han:male 11-71 U/L and female 8-54 U/L ;Uygur :male 11 -73 U/L and female 7 -55 U/L ) .The percents of AST results for Han's male , Uygur's male and Uygur's female not falling in the published standard reference interval were slightly over 10% ,but AST results o‐ver 10% were mainly under the lower limit of the published standard reference interval .The health case percents for the other veri‐fied items of Han and Uygur populations not falling in the published standard reference interval were under 10% .Conclusion The published standard reference intervals of routine clinical chemistry (WS/T404 .1‐2012 ,WS/T404 .2‐2012) are applicable in our la‐boratory for the detection of Han and Uygur population .