Patent ductus venous is a kind of the congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS). In recent years, the related case report increased gradually, but the domestic research is rare. In this article, we review the current diagnosis and treatment of neonatal patent ductus venous based on literature available.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of gastroeaophageat reflux disease(GERD)in the end stage renal disease patients(ESRD)with maintenance hemodialysis and the pathogenetic factors of GERD.Methods 60 cases who had heart burn and acid regurgitation symptoms were enrolled,31 cases of them were ESRD patients with maintenance hemodialysis,29 patients who were renal diseases free as control group.GERD was diagnosed by three methods:endoscopy,24h esophageal pH monitoring,endoscopic esophageal biopsy.GERD was established if any of these tests was positive.HP infection and serum gastrin were assessed too.Results (1)The prevalences of GERD in two groups were 83.9%,79.3% respectively and had no significant difference(P＞0.05).(2)The prevalence of HP infection in the ESRD group was significantly lower than control group(19 4% vs 51.7%,P＜0.05).(3)The concentration of serum gastrin in the ESRD group and control group was(102.61±30.80)ng/ml and (83.41±20.61)ng/ml,two group had significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of GERD inthe ESRD patients was higher than expected,and was correlated with absence of HP infection and hypergastinemia.

The therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide was first discovered in China, which made a great contribution worldwide to APL treatment. However, foreign guidelines did not include the Chinese chemotherapy regimens, and our regimens were inconsistent with foreign guidelines. Therefore, it is necessary to interpret the home and international guidelines and to explore standard treatment of APL by analyzing APL guidelines of the China, Europe and the United States. Owing to several discrepancies between domestic and foreign APL guidelines, unifying the APL's diagnosis and treatment standard is desperately needed at present according to the evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that Chinese chemotherapy regimens will be more acceptable to other countries of the world, and would benefit the diagnosis and treatment of human APL.

Objectives To summarize the maternal and fetal outcomes of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), and tentatively propose possible solutions for different clinical scenarios.Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical data, treatment, outcomes and follow-up status in 18 consecutive cases of young women with ET visited Peking University People's Hospital, among whom 22 pregnancies occurred from March 2005 to January 2015.Rank-sum test, Chi-square test or Fisher exact test were applied for statistics.Results (1) Out of the total 22 pregnancies, 17 (77％) were successful (term live births) and five (23％) ended in miscarriages, among which four were spontaneous abortion in first trimester.(2) Six pregnancies did not received any therapy, while 16 received various treatments before and/or during pregnancy, including oral Aspirin(single/joint), Hydroxyurea, Interferon-α (IFN-α) and platelet apheresis.(3) Treatments before/during pregnancy improved the live birth rate significantly (15/16 vs 2/6, P=0.009).Platelet (PLT) count of the newborns were all normal till the time at follow-up.(4) The median PLT count in those patients before Aspirin therapy was 761 × 109/L[(448-1 213) × 109/L, and 639× 109/L[(283-1 908) × 109/L] thereafter, which showed no significant difference (Z=-0.405, P=0.686).(5) The PLT counts in those patients before combination therapy of Aspirin and IFN-α was 989 × 109/L[(435-1 504) × 109/L], and 498 × 109/L[(186-559) × 109/L] thereafter, which decreased significantly (Z=-2.366, P=0.018).Conclusions (1) First-trimester spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of ET in pregnancy.(2) A specific treatment strategy may improve the pregnant outcomes without long-term harmful effect up to now.(3) IFN-α and/or Aspirin might be the first-line therapy in women with ET during pregnancy.

Objectives To investigate the clinical profile and prognosis of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Methods A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the clinical features and laboratory findings in 28 children with HPS. Fisher's exact probability method and Logistic multivariate regression were used to explore the prognostic risk factors.. Results HPS was clinically characterized by prolonged fever (100%), hepatomegaly (64.29%),and other minor features including respiratory symptoms (53.57%), splenomegaly (50%), hydrops of multiple serous cavity (42.86%), lymphadenectasis (32.14%), jaundice (17.85%), skin rash (14.29%), central nervous system involvement (14.29%), and alimentary tract hemorrhage (10.71%). Labo-ratory data showed that 1iver dysfunction, pancytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hy-pertriglyceridemia, decreased number of natural killer cells and hyponatremia were prominent. The etiological analysis indicated that infection associated hemophagocytic syndrome was most common (60.71%), in which EB virus associated HPS was pre-dominant, accounting for 64.71%. Significant difference was observed in the difference of albumin,blood urea nitrogen and acti-vated partial thromboplastin time between death and survival cases (P<0.05). The Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions There are various underlying diseases and clinical manifestations for HPS. The lower level of serum albumin is an independent prognostic factor. A prompt diagnosis and treatment is very important for HPS prognosis due to the rapid progression and high mortality.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of rutin,quercetin and nuciferine in Heye gran-ule. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Hypersil ODS2 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(containing 0.3%phosphoric acid and 0.4% triethylamine)(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 256 nm,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.012-0.240 μg for rutin(r=0.999 9),0.010 4-0.208 μg for quercetin(r=0.999 9)and 0.015-0.300 μg for nuciferine(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;recoveries were 98.5%-101.3%(RSD=1.1%,n=6),99.1%-101.6%(RSD=1.0%, n=6)and 98.9%-101.7%(RSD=1.2%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reliable,and can provide ref-erence for quality control of Heye granule.

Objective To explore the relationship between prospective memory (PM), retrospective memory (RM) and social function in old patients with schizophrenia. Methods 54 old patients with schizophrenia and 54 healthy controls were evaluated with logical memory (LM)IQ, LMIIQ of Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV), Chinese Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT), University of California at San Diego (UCSD) Performance- based Skills Assessment- brief (UPSA- B), and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Results The scores of LMIQ, LMIIQ, event-based prospective memory (EBPM), time-based prospective memory (TBPM), IQ, and UPSA-B were poorer in the patients than in the controls (P<0.001). The score of UPSA-B was positively correlated with LMIQ (r=0.524, P<0.001), LMIIQ (r=0.427, P<0.001), EBPM (r=0.437, P<0.001), TBPM (r=0.479, P<0.001) and IQ (r=0.709, P<0.001). Linear regression analysis indicated that TBPM (β=0.811, P=0.007), IQ (β=0.610, P<0.001) were contributing factors for the score of UPSA-B. Conclusion Schizophrenics may complicate the impairment of PM and RM, and the former may be independent fluence to their social function.

Objective To investigate the metabolite changes in the preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using MR spectroscopy (MRS) and explore the associations between image findings and clinical variables, which may provide a noninvasive brain biochemical method for the early diagnosis and prevention of autism. Methods Twenty one cases of preschool ASD children (3-6 years old) and age-and sex-matched 20 preschool healthy controls underwent single voxel short (SVS) short TE (TE=30 ms) MRS. The absolute metabolite concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) , anterior middle anterior cingulate cortex (aMCC) and posterior cingulate (PCC) were quantitatively analyzed using LCModel software. Two independent sample t tests were used for analysis. The relationships between metabolite concentrations and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) , childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared to control subjects, ASD patients had significantly lower N-acetylaspartate (NAA) values (4.35 ± 0.80, 6.34±0.82, 8.04±0.97 mmol/L respectively) in ACC, aMCC and PCC (t=2.640, P=0.012;t=2.182, P=0.035;t=3.343, P=0.002) , had significantly lower choline (Cho) 1.32±0.22 mmol/L (t=2.905, P=0.006) and glutamine and glutamate complex (Glx) 10.02 ± 0.88 mmol/L (t=2.090, P=0.043) in PCC. Cho, total creatine (tCr) , myo-Inositol (MI) and Glx levels did not differ between groups in other aforementioned regions (P>0.05). Negative correlations between the NAA ualues in the PCC and CARS (r=-0.504, P=0.020) were detected, and no significant correlation among DSM-IV, CARS, ABC and other metabolite values (P>0.05). Condnsions The biochemical changes in the preschool children with ASD in cingulate reflect the neuronal loss, structural or functional damage and cell membrane enzyme metabolic dysfunctions, may reveal the pathological basis of ASD. These results may provide noninvasive and quantitative methods for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of ASD child.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Radix Paeoniae Alba in Baijin Capsule by orthogonal experiment.Methods The study employed the extraction rate of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony as evaluation indexes. The orthogonal design was used to investigate effects of solvent volume, extraction time and extraction frequency on extraction results.Results The optimal extracting condition was extracted 3 times, with 14 fold 70% alcohol, 1.5 h for each time. Conclusion The method is simple and steady, which will provide instruction and reference to the production of Baijin Capsule.

Objective To investigate maternal risk factors for fetal congenital heart diseases (CHD). Methods A case-control study was conducted on 16 645 pregnant women who underwent cardiovascular malformation screening for fetal cardiovascular system,whose pregnancy outcomes were recorded,and whose newborns were scanned by an echocardiography in Peking University People's Hospital,Haidian,Changping,Mentougou and Daxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Nov.2006 to Oct.2009.One hundred and twelve pregnant women whose babies were found to be CHD (40 severe CHD and 72 simple CHD) before or after delivery were taken as study group.Women in control group (n =304) were randomly selected from those pregnant women who had infants without CHD.Logistic regression analysis and x2 test were used to analyze the maternal risk factors for fetal CHD. Results (1) The average age of women whose infants had severe CHD was 28.3 years (21-40 years),and it was 29.9 years (22-39 years) for women whose infants had simple CHD.There were no significant differences between the control group (29.5 years,20-44 years) and the above two groups (t=1.511 and -0.826,P=0.138 and 0.410 respectively).(2) Single factor analysis:during first trimester,the rate of upper respiratory infection (18/39,46.2 ％) and exposure to certain chemicals (13/40,32.5％) of severe CHD group were higher than those of control group [(14.9％ (45/303) and 2.0％ (6/304)] (x2 =22.399 and 62.678,OR=4.895 and 23.753,95％CI:2.419-9.905 and 8.358-67.506,P =0.000 respectively).Compared with control group (0.0％,0/304),the rate of pregnant women with CHD family history in simple CHD group was significantly higher (4.2％,3/72)(Fisher exact test,P=0.007).(3) Logistic regression analysis:maternal upper respiratory infections (OR =5.120,95％CI:2.340-11.206,P =0.000) and exposure to certain chemicals (f)R=23.030,95％CI:7.506-70.665,P=0.000) during first trimester were risk factors for fetal severe CHD. Conclusions Upper respiratory infection and exposure to certain chemicals during first trimester might play important roles in the occurrence of fetal severe CHD.Maternal family history of CHD might associate with fetal simple CHD.