Objective To evaluate the elimination of melasma with nonablative Q-switched Nd : YAG1 064 nm laser. Methods 23 cases of melasma were treated with Q-switched Nd :YAG 1 064 nm laser using the following parameters: spot size, 6 mm; pulse duration, 5-7 ns; frequency, 10 Hz, and flu-ence, 1.8-2. 0 J/cm2. The procedure was repeated weekly. Results The treatment was well tolerated without the use of topical anesthetic. There was slight congestion, no blister and crust after treatment. Routine clean and make-up can be done after treatment. The melasmas were obviously lighten or fully eliminated after 8-10 treatments and 52. 17 % of patients showed excellent results. Only 5 cases experienced an episode of purpura on eyelid after treatment and disappeared spontaneously without post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring. Followed up over 6 months, there was recurrence in 7 patients who were effective by additional treatment. Conclusions Nonablative Q-switched Nd :YAG 1 064 nm laser is a more ideal method to eliminate melasma because of the credible effect, safe, simple operation, and no downtime, in despite of recurrence.

Objective To study the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) before CPR on successful resuscitation of rats with ventricular fibrillation (VF).Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with VF induced by alternating electricity current were randomly (ramdam runmber) divided into KCl group and normal saline (NS) group.Rats of two groups were prepared with 0.8 mL/kg of 2.5％ KCl in KCI group and equivalent volume of NS in NS group instead before CPR.The resuscitation was considered to be failure if ROSC was absent for 10 min.The comparisons of time required for ROSC,the average attempt of defibrillation,the average joule used for defibrillation,ROSC rate and 72 h survival rate were carried out between the two groups.Results The length of time required for ROSC in the KCl group (n =10) was shorter than that in NS group (n=10) [(283.89±152.44) svs.(404.38±164.27) s] (t=1.369,P =0.196).The average attempt of defibrillation in KCl group were fewer compared to the NS group [(1.50 ± 0.75) times vs.(2.66 ± 0.57) times,(t =2.701,P =0.022)],the average joule used for defibrillation in KCl group were less compared to NS group [(3.75 ± 2.86) J vs.(8.33 ± 2.88) J,(t =2.78,P =0.019)].The ROSC rate in the KCl group was higher than that in NS group (P =0.011).The 72 h survival rate in KCl group was higher than that in NS group (P =0.001).Conclusions Increasing plasma potassium level before CPR could increase the ROSC rate and survival rate in rats with VF.

The coding region of S genome segment of Hantaan virus (76/118 strain) was inserted into the eukarytic expression plasmidpVR1012. The recombinant expression plasmid pVRS22 was constructed. Vero-E6 cells were transiently transfected in vitro with pVRS22 plasmid. The transient expression of Hantaan virus nucleocapsid proteins in Vero-E6 cells was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with monoclonal antibody 5H5 against Hantaan virus.

Objective To investigate whether increasing the concentration of serum potassium facilitates the cardioversion to sinus rhythm during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat ventricular fibrillation (VF) model. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with sustained VF by electrical induction were randomized into two groups by random number table. Five minutes after onset of electrical induction, 2.5% potassium chloride solution at a dose of 0.8 mL/kg (KCl group, n = 9) or equivalent normal saline (NS group, n = 9) was given respectively via femoral vein followed by traditional CPR. The changes of electrocardiogram (ECG) and the effect of defibrillation were compared between the two groups. Results During the CPR, the number of animals with spontaneous cardioversion (2 vs. 1, P = 1.000) and successful defibrillation (7 vs. 3, P = 0.026) were both increasing in KCl group compare with those in the NS group, which required fewer defibrillation (1.60±0.79 vs. 2.70±0.58, P = 0.064), lower calculative defibrillation energy (J: 4.00±3.00 vs. 8.30±2.89, P = 0.068), more animals restore spontaneous circulation (ROSC, 9 vs. 4, P = 0.029) and shorter ROSC time (s: 265.10±134.58 vs. 421.30±162.06, P = 0.096). At the beginning of CPR, animals in two groups all presented the fine amplitude (amplitude < 0.5 mV). At CPR 3 minutes the KCl group presented significantly larger amplitude compared with NS group (mV: 0.92±0.16 vs. 0.67±0.23, P = 0.030); The amplitude decreased in the animals which did not attain cardioversion to sinus rhythm over time. The animal number of fine amplitude at CPR 7 minutes were 0 and 5, respectively, in the KCl group and the NS group. Conclusion Increasing serum potassium concentration facilitates the VF amplitude enlargement, promotes the spontaneous conversion, increases the successful rate of defibrillation and reduces the energy for defibrillation in a rat VF model.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hemoglobin (Hb) volatility on cardiovascular prognosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods:Retrospective cohort study was designed. Patients undergoing stable PD for more than 3 months and followed up regularly for at least 1 year were enrolled from May 1, 2013 to October 31, 2014 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. According to the Hb variation based on the mean changes in Hb standard deviation at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months over baseline Hb, all patients were divided into low volatility group (≤10 g/L), moderate volatility group (>10-20 g/L) and high volatility group (>20 g/L), and baseline information were compared among these groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression equation were used to analyze the relationship between Hb variation and cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Besides, the patients were divided into qualified group (Hb≥110 g/L) and substandard group (Hb<110 g/L) by the Hb level at the study endpoint (cardiovascular death and all-cause death) according to KDIGO guidelines and relevant literature. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between Hb variation and cardiovascular death in qualified group or substandard group. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of Hb fluctuation in PD patients.Results:A total of 267 patients were enrolled. There were 160 males (59.93%) in this study. The age was (52.66±13.72) years old, and the median dialysis age was 37(21, 61) months. The patients' baseline Hb (before dialysis) was (80.16±14.89) g/L and at the end of the study Hb was (105.34±22.08) g/L. Body mass index and baseline Hb levels in the high volatility group were lower than those in low volatility group and moderate volatility group (all P<0.05). Both moderate and high volatility groups had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than that in low volatility group, and high volatility group had higher urea nitrogen level than that in low volatility group (all P<0.05). The amount of erythropoietin usage in the high volatility group was higher than that in moderate volatility group ( P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate for all-cause death (Log-rank χ2=0.735, P=0.693) and cardiovascular death (Log-rank χ2=2.961, P=0.228) in different Hb volatility groups. Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, serum creatinine, and blood albumin, higher Hb volatility was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death ( HR=0.972, 95% CI 0.947-0.999, P=0.040). After adjusting for related confounding factors, higher Hb volatility was still a protective factor for cardiovascular death in the substandard group ( HR=0.946, 95% CI 0.903-0.992, P=0.022), but there was no significant correlation between Hb fluctuation and all-cause death. Multivariate linear regression analysis results showed that the fluctuation level of Hb was positively correlated with Kt/V ( B=4.682, 95% CI 2.480-6.884, P<0.001) and erythropoietin dosages ( B=0.001, 95% CI 0-0.001, P=0.003), and negatively correlated with baseline Hb ( B=-0.554, 95% CI -0.651--0.457, P<0.001). Conclusions:High Hb variability is a protective factor for cardiovascular death in PD patients with lower Hb level (substandard Hb). Adopting a reasonable program to correct anemia timely to reach the standard level has a greater impact on reducing risk of cardiovascular death in PD patients than Hb variation in anemia treatment.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of short-term intensive insulin aspart injection (Novo-rapid) therapy hepatogenic diabetes with liver decompensation patients. Mothods A two weeks randomized,open-la-bel, confrolled trial comparing Novolin 30R with short-term intensive Novorapid was performed. 100 cases were ran-domly divided into treatment group and control group,50 cases for each. The two groups were given traditional medical treatment, while the control group received Novolin 30R twice per day,the treatment group received Novorapid thrice per-day. The indicators such as FBG,2hPG,HbA1c, Ins,C-P,hypoglycemia incidence and liver function (ALT, AST, ALB and TBIL)were evaluated,β-cell function(HOMA-β)and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated. The changes of above indicators before and after therapy were compared between two groups. Results After the treat-ment,the FBG,2hPG,HbA1c,HOMA-IR and liver function of two groups were respectively lower than those before(P<0.05),hypoglycemia incidence of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05),while the differences between two groups was significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Short-term intensive Novorapid therapy for hep-atogenic diabetes with liver decompensation can reduce FBG and 2hPG,reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia, im-prove liver function,and also reduce insulin resistance. Meanwhile,the therapy is a more effective and safer therapy.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin found in commodities such as corn and corn-originated products. An aptamer-based method for detection of FB1 was developed using the fluorescent dye PicoGreen, which can recognize and bind double-stranded DNA. A peak fluorescence of PicoGreen was obtained in 15 min in the presence of FB1 aptamer, which formed a double-stranded hybridizer DNA with its complementary strand. The excitation and emission wavelengths for PicoGreen detection were 480 nm and 520 nm, respectively. The sensitivity of this aptamer/PicoGreen-based method was 0.1 μg/L. This method showed a good linearity for FB1 concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1 μg/L. The entire detection procedure for FB1 could be completed within 40 min. No cross reactions were observed with any other mycotoxins against aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, citrinin and zearalenone, demonstrating high specificity towards FB1 aptamer. Agreement between commercial, antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and aptamer method was excellent with a kappa value of 0.857. Taken together, this aptamer/PicoGreen-based method is more cost-effective, time-saving and useful than ELISA for detection of FB1.
Aflatoxin B1 ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Fumonisins ; analysis ; Mycotoxins ; analysis ; Ochratoxins ; Organic Chemicals ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling ; Zea mays

Objective To summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic experiences for multiple insulinoma. Methods Clinical data of 34 cKsefl of multiple insulinoma treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 1984 and 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Multiple insulinoma was identified in these 34 cases for 37 instances.Malignant insulinoma was found in 2 cases.Three cases suffered from postoperative recurrent multipie tumors.35.3% cases belonged to MEN1;13.5% cases were of insulinoma combined with islet hyperplasia;43.2% cases had 3 or more than 3 insulinomas;Fifteen cases (40.5%)had had a misdiagnosis.45.2%tumors were smaller than 1 cm in diameter:88.9%multiple insulinonla located at the body and tail of the pancreas.Enucleation of multiple tumors was performed for 48.7 percent of cases. Conclusions Most multiple insulinomas were small,it was difficult for preoperative examination to locate all the tumors therefore.Being on the alert against multiple insulinoma and such measures as careful exploration,intraoperative blood glucose determination.fine needle aspiration biopsy,frozen sections helps to avoid missing multiple imuhnoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the myocardial and microcirculation dysfunction induced by epinephrine during early post-resuscitation in a rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Transesophageal cardiac pacing was performed in order to elicit cardiac arrest for 5 min in SD male rats.Totally 40 rats were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups (n=10):normothermic control group (N),normothermic epinephrine group (N+E),hypothermic control group (H),and hypothermic epinephrine group (H+E).Chest compression was then initiated.Epinephrine (0.02 mg/kg) or saline was administrated at 1 min during CPR.Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was recorded,and the rates of ROSC were observed.Myocardial and microcirculatory function were observed at 1,2,3,and 4 h during early post-resuscitation.Serum lactate level was assessed at baseline and ROSC 4 h.Results The ROSC rates were 10/10 in the H+E group,9/10 in the N+E group,4/10 in the H group,and 1/10 in the N group,respectively.Ejection fraction (EF)and cardiac output (CO) in the H+E group were significantly higher than that of other groups (P＜0.05).Total vessel density,perfused vessel density,proportion of perfused vessels,and microvascular flow index in the H+E group were also significantly higher than those of other groups during early post-resuscitation.The serum lactate level in the H+E group was significantly lower than that in the N+E and H groups..Conclusions Both epinephrine and mild hypothermia can improve the success rate of resuscitation.However,mild hypothermia can improve the epinephrine induced myocardial and microcirculatory dysfunction during postresuscitation in the rat cardiac arrest.

Objective To investigate the relationship between HBV antigen variationandthe cause of deathin the HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Methods Total of 127 HBV-ACLF patients were divided into survival group and death group, the cause of death, the constitution ratio of mutant rate pre-C region, C gene region and BCP region of two groups were analyzed than before, then MELD and Child-Pugh score system were compared through mul-tivariate Logistic regression analysis to discuss the risk degree of different mutants. Results In 127 cases of HBV-A-CLF patients, 329 mutants were detected between the survival group (n=76) and the death group (n=51). The differ-ences of A1762T/G1764A, G1896A and L60V were significant in the death group than in the survival group according to the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis (P<0.05), and the scores of MELD were significant difference than the scores of Child-Pugh in the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The mutants of A1762T/G1764A, G1896A and L60V in HBV-ACLF are independent risk factors lead to its death, MELD score over matches Child-Pugh score,and MELD score for judging the prognosis and outcome of HBV-ACLF has important significance.