Objective To investigate the clinical value of real-time shear wave elastography( SWE) in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) . Methods One hundred and fifty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in our hospital were selected as DN group and 54 healthy volunteers with matched age-sex were selected as control group . According to the criteria of Mogensen staging ,patients of DN group were divided into 3 subgroups according to urine protein/creatinine ( ACR) :group A ( DM or DN Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ) , ACR＜30 mg/g ;group B ( DN Ⅲ ) ,ACR 30 －300 mg/g ;group C ( DN Ⅳ ,Ⅴ ) ,ACR＞ 300 mg/g . All subjects were examined by SWE technique to detect the maximum ,mean and minimum Young′s modulus values ( Emax ,Emean ,Emin) of the middle of left renal parenchyma ,the values of Young′s modulus in the control group and DN patients were compared . The relationship between Young′s modulus and ACR in patients with DN was analyzed . Results The Emax ,Emean and Emin in DN patients were all greater than those in control group ( P ＜0 .05) . In group A ,B and C ,Emax ,Emean and Emin gradually increased ( P＜0 .05) . Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between Young′s modulus and ACR in patients with DN ( r ＝ 0 .817 ,0 .764 ,0 .609 ;all P＝ 0 .000) . ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of Emax diagnosis DN Ⅲ stage was 0 .810 ,the cut-point value was 6 .65 kPa ,the sensitivity was 79 .0% ,and the specificity was 81 .7% ;the area under the curve of Emean diagnosis DN Ⅲ stage was 0 .785 ,and the cut-off value was 3 .69 kPa ,sensitivity 62 .8% ,specificity 78 .3% . Conclusions SWE technique can quantitatively analyze renal parenchyma hardness in patients with different stages of DN ,which may provide new diagnostic information for early diagnosis of DN .

【Objective】 To investigate the situation of whole blood collection in Tianjin after COVID-19 prevention and control measures were fully lifted. 【Methods】 The relevant data on whole blood collection of voluntary blood donors in Tianjin 15 days before Spring Festival (2023.01.07-2023.01.21, when China has managed COVID-19 with measures against Class B infectious disease instead of Class A infectious diseases) and 15 days before Spring Festival in 2018 (2018.02.01- 2018.02.15) and 2019 (2019.01.21-2019.02.04) before the breakout of COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and compared. 【Results】 The comparison between the above period in 2023, 2018 and 2019 was as follows: the number of blood donors was 6 124 vs 3 940 vs 4 069; blood collection volume (U) was 9 623 vs 7 378 vs 7 808; the proportion of first-time blood donors, local blood donors and group blood donors was 69.17% (4 236/6 124) vs 65.86% (2 595/3 940) vs 62.05% (2 525/4 069), 59.31% (3 632/6 124) vs 23.27% (9170) vs 18.19% (740/4 069) and 43.42% (2 659/6 124) vs 8.05% (317/2 595) vs 0.15% (6/4 069) (all P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The adjustment of COVID-19 prevention and control policy has a significant impact on voluntary blood donation, and the corresponding adjustment of blood donor recruitment strategy in blood centers should be conducted to increase the whole blood collection.

Ovarian Leydig cell tumor(LCT), also known as ovarian testicular stromal cell tumor, is a rare sex cord stromal tumor, accounting for about 0.1% of all ovarian tumors. LCT is often accompanied by clinical manifestations of elevated androgen, and the imaging manifestations sometimes lack specificity. The diagnosis requires histopathological examination. Surgery is the primary treatment method, and postoperative prognosis is generally favorable. This paper retrospectively analyzes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with LCT in our hospital combining relevant literature, explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment progress of LCT, aiming to improve disease management.

Objective To summarize the outcomes and clinical experiences of renal transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients .Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for one HIV-positive case of renal transplantation .Diagnosed as chronic renal insufficiency 1 year ago ,he received hemodialysis .After a positive screen for HIV ,he received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV RNA turned negative 3 months later .CD4 + T cell count was 331 cell/μl at pre-operation and there was no HIV-rated opportunistic infection or cancer . Her mother donated her kidney . Basiliximab and steroid pulse therapy were used preoperatively and immunosuppressants were used after transplantation , including tacrolimus , corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil .Results The kidney was transplanted successfully and serum creatinine declined to a normal level at day 4 after transplantation .Because of an interaction between efaverenz and tacrolimus ,the blood concentration of tacrolimus was extremely low and the dose of tacrolimus had to be raised to 0 .2 mg/(kg·d) .Antiroviral therapy remained unchanged .No rejection and other complications were observed .And HIV RNA remained negative .Conclusions Renal transplantation is optimal for HIV-positive patients whose HIV status is completely under control .However ,drug interactions needs to be considered during perioperative and postoperative periods .

BACKGROUND: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is a tool that can accurately navigation peripheral lung lesions. Because of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is too expensive, it has not been widely used in China. It is urgent for us to summarize experience in clinical application, especially in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. METHODS: The clinical data of patients with pulmonary peripheral lesions (PPLs) in our department undergoing ENB biopsy between July 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: There were 18 patients with 21 PPLs (10 males and 8 females). Among them, 11 patients got the final pathological diagnosis, 8 cases were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma lung cancer, 1 case was diagnosed with tuberculosis and 2 cases were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. The positive rate of diagnosis was 61.1%. The sensitivity was 73.3%. The positive diagnosis rate is related to the size of the lesion, the positive diagnosis rate for lesions >2 cm is 100.0% (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope is safe and effective in clinic. It has a high positive rate for the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions larger than 2 cm, ENB has broad clinical application prospects.

Objective    To summarize our experience in the treatment of esophageal foreign bodies. Methods    A retrospective analysis of 149 patients of esophageal foreign bodies in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from December 2011 to May 2019 was carried out, including 75 (50.3%) females and 74 (49.7%) males with an average age of 57 (2-85) years. Results    There were 146 patients confirmed by endoscopy, and 3 patients were not found foreign body. Among the confirmed patients, 127 patients were removed by gastroscope and 19 patients were treated by operation. Esophageal foreign bodies are mainly related to the types of food. Jujube seed is the most common food foreign body in the northwest China. The injury rate of mucosal was 47.54% within 48 hours. The complication rate of taking out the foreign body after 48 hours was 100.0%. The success rate by endoscopy decreased (P=0.005), if the foreign body combined perforation. There was no statistical difference between the neck and other parts when using ultra-fine gastroscope (P=0.157). Conclusion    The sharper the foreign body is, the easier the perforation is. The earlier the foreign body is removed, the less complications are. The size of the foreign body determines the difficulty of endoscopic removal. Gastroscopy is the first choice for diagnosis and treatment, especially ultra-fine gastroscopy, and the foreign bodies that cannot be removed by endoscopy need surgical treatment.