Objective To find out the difference in Multi-channel Cochlear mapping between SPrint speech processor and ESPrit speech processor (ESPrit 3G) for better guidance of the mapping.Methods Nine cases of total deafness patients (aged 2-54 years old) using SPrint changed to using ESPrit 3G after 6 to 24 months. The threshold (T-L) of electro-audiogram using different speech processor, comfortable level, sound field audiometry in various ESPrit 3G programs and questionnaire results were compared and analyzed statistically.Results Using various speech processor programs, four patients(The first group) felt satisfied with hearing effects. There was no difference comparing with SPrint. There was significantly different in T-L and C-L acquired from five patients(The second group) with two speech processors (P0.05). The results of sound field audiometry showed significant difference in the first group and the second group using programs from SPrint(P

OBJECTIVE: This article discusses the clinical features and treatment methods of the inflammatory reaction associated with cochlear implants, and analyzes the possible pathogenesis and related factors. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed postoperative inflammation cases from February 2002 to October 2013 among 825 cochlear implantation patients. Their symptoms, signs and treatment processes and outcomes were described and summarized. RESULT: Incidence of implants related inflammatory reaction was 1.58%. The onset time ranged from 2 months to 11 years post-operatively. There were 6 cases of implants related non-infectious inflammation, with an incidence of 0.73% (6 of 825). Post auricular swelling and subcutaneous non-infectious discharge were found in all these 6 cases. Pressure dressing with bandage and steroid, antihistamine medications was effective. There were 7 cases of post auricular infection, with an incidence of 0.85%, resulted from flap trauma or acute otitis media. Antibiotics and drainage was used for them to treat the infection, and rotation scalp flaps were used to cover the exposed device. Five of these cases were cured but cochlear implants had to be removed out in the other 2 cases of staphylococcus aureus infection. CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation surgery is safe and effective for profound deafness. However, the implants-related non-infectious and infectious inflammatory reaction impacts the effect of cochlear implants, even lead to removal of the implants.
Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; epidemiology ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the effect of diagnostic ultrasound on cochlear hair cells in fetal guinea pigs. Methods Diagnostic ultrasound was used to irradiate the uteri of early pregnant guinea pigs(the first 15 days of gestion) and late pregnant guinea pigs(the 40th to 45th days of gestion) for 5 minutes daily. The number of cochlear hair cells in fetal guinea pigs was calculated using succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) staining, and computer image analysis system. The morphological change of cochlear hair cells was observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results Compared with non-exposed control group, the number of total hair cells obviously decreased in the two exposed groups (P

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of endolymphatic sac surgery for Meniere's disease,and compare the effects of endolymphatic sac decompression with endolymphatic-mastoid shunting.Method:Twelve patients(13 ears)undergoing endolymphatic-mastoid shunting and eleven patients (11 ears) undergoing endolymphatic sac decompression were retrospectively compared for hearing results and vertigo controlled rates.All of them have been followed up for more than two years after surgery.Result:According to Chinese Meniere's disease diagnosis and curative effect standard evaluation criteria pubilished in 2006,for vertigo symptom of endolymphaticmastoid shunting group,9 cases(69.2%) achieved grade A(eompletely controlled),4 cases (30. 8%) achieved grade B(fundamentally controlled).There were 8 cases(72.7%)with grade A, 2 cases (18.2%)with grade B and one case(90% ) with grade C among 11 patients who received endolymphatic sac decompression.There was not statistically significant differences in postoperative speech pure tone average and vertigo controlled rate between the two groups.Conslnsion:Endolymphatic sac decompression and endolymphatic-mastoid shunting are effective management with less complication for intractable Meniere's disease. Particularly,the vertigo symptoms were controlled signifisantly. Patients with Meniere's disease in advanced clinical stages may also be relieved.

Objective The light and electron-microscopic examination was utilized to study the tissue from middle ears diagnosed as having tympanosclerosis. The main purpose of this article is to understand the clinicopathologic and electron-microscopic characteristics of 68 patients with tympanosclerosis. Methods The material for histopathologic and electron-microscopic studies were taken from the tympanic mucosa in various localities, especially from the whitish sclerotic masses in the tympanum of the patients with tympanosclerosis, during middle ear surgeries between 2006 and 2008. Specimens were divided into two groups: one group of 68 specimens was fixed and stained for light microscopic study with hematoxylin-eosin; the second group of 12 specimens was viewed in the electron microscope. Results The specimens from tympanic mucosa showed granulation tissue with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, and slight fibrosis in the submucosal layer. The histopathology of the plaques after haemaoxylin and eosin staining revealed dense bundles of collagen with hyaline degeneration and scattered areas of calcification. An ultrastructural examination of these specimens revealed fibrocytes that were irregularly shaped, elongated, and degenerating. The osmiophilic cytoplasm contained vesicles and collagen bundles. There were clusters of mitochondria in perinuclear cytoplasm and lots of electron dense calcareous deposits within lysosomes and degenerated mitochondria in fibrocyte cells. Conclusion The histopathologic examinations of tympanosclerosis revealed dense fibrous and collagenous connective tissues, poor in cell, with hyaline degeneration and occasional calcification in the tympanic mucosa. Electron-microscopic studies further revealed marked proliferation of collagen fibers and electron dense calcareous deposits within lysosomes and degenerated mitochondria in fibrocyte cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the related parameters of the temporal bone structure for determining the position of implanting electrode into the scala tympani in cochlear implantation surgery through the facial recess and epitympanum approach.

METHODSIn a surgical simulation experiment, 20 human temporal bones were studied and measured to determine the related parameters of the temporal bone structure.

RESULTSThe distance 5.91∓0.29 mm between the short process of the incus and the round window niche, 2.11∓0.18 mm between the stapes and the round window niche, 6.70∓0.19 mm between the facial nerve in the perpendicular paragraph and the round window niche, 2.22∓0.21 mm from the pyramidal eminence to the round window, and 2.16∓0.14 mm between the stapes and the round window. The minimal distance between the implanting electrode and the vestibular window was 2.12∓0.19 mm. The distance between the cochleariform process and the round window niche was 3.79∓0.17 mm. The position of the cochlear electrode array insertion into the second cochlear turn was 2.25∓0.13 mm under the stapes. The location of the cochlear electrode array insertion into the second cochlear turn was 2.28∓0.20 mm inferior to the pyramidal eminence.

CONCLUSIONThese parameters provide a reference value to determine the different positions of cochlear electrode array insertion into the scale tympani in different patients.

Adult ; Cochlea ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Ear, Middle ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Round Window, Ear ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Scala Tympani ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of double fill nine tastes soup in treating children recurrent respiratory infection (RRTI) and the change of immune function.

METHOD77 RRTI patients were randomly selected into observation and control groups. The observation group was treated with Chinese medicine- double fill nine tastes soup,water frying points 2 times oral. The control was treated with transfer factor oral liquid,every 10 mL,2 times daily oral. Treatment periods were both two months. IgA, IgG, IgM and IL-12, TNF-alpha, INF-gamma were detected before and after treatment to assess the clinical effects and the changes of immune factors, meanwhile, a health group was established.

RESULTBefore treatment, compared with the health group, the serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma in both groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). After treatment, the ratio of IgA, IgG, Ig M, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma in two groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). Compared with the recurrence rate and clinical effects, the observation group was better than control, and the differences were significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDouble fill nine tastes soup has significant effects in treating recurrent respiratory infection (RRI) and enhance the immune function in children.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Infant ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-12 ; blood ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To describe the multi-channel cochlear implantation in patients with Waardenburg syndrome including surgeries, pre and postoperative hearing assessments as well as outcomes of speech recognition. METHOD: Multi-channel cochlear implantation surgeries have been performed in 12 cases with Waardenburg syndrome type II in our department from 2000 to 2008. All the patients received multi-channel cochlear implantation through transmastoid facial recess approach. The postoperative outcomes of 12 cases were compared with 12 cases with no inner ear malformation as a control group. RESULT: The electrodes were totally inserted into the cochlear successfully, there was no facial paralysis and cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred after operation. The hearing threshold in this series were similar to that of the normal cochlear implantation. After more than half a year of speech rehabilitation, the abilities of speech discrimination and spoken language of all the patients were improved compared with that of preoperation. CONCLUSION Multi-channel cochlear implantation could be performed in the cases with Waardenburg syndrome, preoperative hearing and images assessments should be done.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Waardenburg Syndrome ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To study the meaning of expressions of ENO1 in the nasopharyngeal cancer tissue. METHOD: By using SP immunohistochemical methods. RESULT: The positive expressions for ENO1 were 60.0% in the nasopharyngeal cancer tissues,significantly higher than that (27.5%, 11/40) of in inflammatory nasopharyngeal mucosa (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of ENO1 protein in stage T1 + T2 + T3 was higher than that of in patients with T4 (chi2 = 11.424, P<0.05). But there was no significant relationship between expression of ENO1 and lymph node metastasis and postradiotherapy distant metastasis (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The results show that ENO1 over expression may play a important role in cell proliferation and canceration of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the disease incidence, clinical symptoms, prevention and treatment measures of the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS). METHOD: Retrospective analyse the medical history, hearing, vestibular function examination and treatment of 76 LVAS patients who were diagnosed in our department of Otolaryngology from 2002 to 2008. RESULT: Most patients (93.4%) showed sensorineural hearing loss. Part of patients (61.8%) showed air-bone conduction gap in low frequency. The hearing loss of 43 ears is > 40-60 dB HL, > 60 -80 dB HL 47 ears, > 80 dB HL 62 ears. Decline curve is the characteristic of the Audiogram. The decline in high-frequency 112 ears, flat curve in 29 ears, island hearing in 11 ears. Forty-six patients were conducted the vestibular function examination, which showed low vestibular function. Tympanogram showed that 141 ears are type A, 11 ears are type C. High-resolution CT scan revealed that vestibular aqueduct minimum diameter is 2.2 mm and the largest is 6.2 mm, with a wide opening and deep narrower, and showed the "triangle" or "flared". Forty-two cases of this group were simple dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct, and no large vestibular semicircular canal malformation or cochlear malformation. There was no intellectual and other development disorders. In accordance with the degree of hearing loss, 20 cases of patients restored hearing after drug treatment. Eleven were cases fit a suitable hearing aid and carried out the language rehabilitation training. Forty-five very severe patients were implanted the cochlear and mapping one month later. CONCLUSION Fluctuative and progressive hearing loss is the main clinical symptoms of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. The patients should be examined by high resolution CT scan of the temporal bone. There is no precise and effective treatment for the disease. It is very important for the deaf children who have residual hearing to fit hearing aids and carry out the language rehabilitation training as soon as possible. As for the patients who suffer from hearing loss severely and the hearing aid cannot achieve effective compensation, the cochlear implant should be considered.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Syndrome ; Temporal Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vestibular Aqueduct ; physiopathology ; Vestibular Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Young Adult