Adjacent segment disease(ASD) refers to the degeneration of adjacent segments after lumbar fusion surgery, including intervertebral disc herniation, stress vertebral fractures, slippage, segmental scoliosis, spinal canal stenosis, and facet joint degeneration, which can lead to corresponding clinical symptoms such as lumbosacral pain, root lower limb pain, or intermittent claudication. The treatment of different pathological types of ASD varies. The patients with mild symptoms require conservative treatment and patients with severe symptoms require surgical treatment. In the past, open fusion surgery with posterior approach or intervertebral foramen approach was commonly used for surgical treatment, which had definite therapeutic effects. However, there were drawbacks such as large surgical trauma, excessive intraoperative blood loss, and slow postoperative recovery. With the booming development of minimally invasive spinal surgery technology in recent years, spinal surgeons actively use minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of ASD. It has advantages such as less bleeding, short hospital stay, fast recovery, and fewer complications (such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), but its indications are limited. Therefore, this article provides a reference for the choice of ASD treatment by reviewing the treatment modalities of ASD with different pathological types.

Posttranslational modifications(PTMs)of proteins,particularly acetylation,phosphory-lation,and ubiquitination,play critical roles in the host innate immune response.PTMs'dynamic changes and the crosstalk among them are complicated.To build a comprehensive dynamic net-work of inflammation-related proteins,we integrated data from the whole-cell proteome(WCP),acetylome,phosphoproteome,and ubiquitinome of human and mouse macrophages.Our datasets of acetylation,phosphorylation,and ubiquitination sites helped identify PTM crosstalk within and across proteins involved in the inflammatory response.Stimulation of macrophages by lipopolysac-charide(LPS)resulted in both degradative and non-degradative ubiquitination.Moreover,this study contributes to the interpretation of the roles of known inflammatory molecules and the dis-covery of novel inflammatory proteins.

Malnutrition in liver cirrhosis is associated with ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infection, and other complications even death. To date, the hazard and disease burden of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients have been severely underestimated. This review summarized the most recent advancement in the field and discussed the techniques and methodologies in detection and evaluation of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients, nutritional support therapy, and future research directions and clinical care of the patients.