This paper describes a practical process for a SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin. The target product was synthesized from 1-chloro-2-( 4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-iodobenzene and 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide by iodine-magnesium exchange, and coupling and acetyl removing reactions with the total yield of 50%. This practical process highlights fewer reaction steps, less waste and mild reaction conditions.

"Postpartum Body pain"refers to such symptoms as body pain,numbness,heaviness,arthralgia and even paralysis in a woman during the postpartum period.Besides the above symptoms,the patient may also have other symptoms like sleep disorder,emotional hindrance,somatization symptoms such as fatigue,sleepy,and chest distress,etc.This disease may be considered as somatization symptoms due to postpartum depression,but actually it is a psychogenic disorder.Clinical observation showed there were no clinical changes of objective signs such as red,swelling and fever;Laboratory examinations showed there was no ahnormal manifestation.This article primarily discussed"postpagtum body pain"from medicopsychological angle,hoping to help people get a right recognition of this disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenously transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) on brain injury and inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in rats.Methods Experimnental ICH models were performed by stereotaxic injection collagenase Ⅳ into caudate putamen,rats that underwent ICH were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,ICH group,PBS group,BMMNC-treated group.The BMMNCs were injected intravenously into rats after ICH.The neurobehavioral function was evaluated on days 1,3,7,14 by the modified neurological severity score,and the brain edema was examined by wet-dry weighting method on day 3 after cell transplantation.Immumofluorecence staining was used to identify the number of activation of microglia and infiltration of neutrophils in the brain after ICH.Results The neurological score in BMMNCtreated group on days 7,14 was significantly improved compared with those in ICH group and PBS group(P＜O.05).Compared to the ICH group ((81.09 ± 0.83) ％) and PBS group ((80.99 ± 0.79) ％),there was a significant decreasc in thc brain water content in BMMNC-treated group((78.62±0.97) ％) (P＜0.05).The number of activation of microglia and infiltration of neutrophils were both significantly lower in BMMNC-treated group ((55.8±22.1)/mm2,(49.6± 12.9)/mm2) compared to ICH group and PBS group (respectively (125.0 ± 20.7) /mm2,(86.8±13.6/mm2))(P＜0.01).Conclusion Administration of BMMNCs can significantly reduce edema and improve neurologic function by inhibiting the activation of microglia and infiltration of neutrophils.

Objective: To analyze the etiological characteristics of an outbreak of Campylobacter foodborne disease in a middle school in Suzhou City, so as to provide insights into the identification of pathogenic factors of Campylobacter foodborne disease outbreaks. Methods: Eighteen anal swabs from patients, 10 anal swabs from canteen workers, 43 food samples, 2 drinking water samples, 2 food original material samples and 31 environmental samples were collected, and the pathogens were rapidly screened using the gastrointestinal infection detection strip. The pathogens were isolated and cultured using the double-pore filtration membrane method, and cluster analysis of bacterial isolates was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ). In addition, the susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates to antibiotics was tested using the Campylobacter agar dilution method. Results: A total of 63 cases with Campylobacter infections were reported, and the major clinical symptoms included diarrhea ( 51 cases, 80.95% ) and fever ( 39 cases, 61.90% ), while no inpatients or deaths were found. Twelve Campylobacter-positive samples were detected, including 11 anal swabs sampled from patients and one food original material sample. Among the 11 positive anal swabs, there were 10 samples positive for Campylobacter jejuni and one sample positive for C. coli, and of the one positive food original material, C. coli was identified. PFGE analysis showed that 10 C. jejuni isolates of had 100.0% homology, and these 10 isolates were 100.0% resistant to naphthyridic acid, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, appearing multidrug resistance. Conclusions This is an outbreak of foodborne disease caused by C. jejuni infections. Gastrointestinal infection detection strips, double-pore filtration membrane and PFGE typing are rapid and accurate to identify pathogenic factors.

Objective: To investigate the epidemic status and influencing factors of colorectal polyps among urban residents in Lanxi. Methods: A representative urban community was selected from Lanxi. A total of 935 local residents aged 18-80 years received questionnaire survey,physical examination,laboratory tests and colonoscopy. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to exam the potential influencing factors for colorectal polyps. Results : Eventually 880 residents were involved into the statistical analysis. Colorectal polyps were detected in 167 participants with a crude prevalence of 18.98% and adjusted prevalence for age and gender of 13.28%. The prevalence of colorectal polyps in men（28.70%）was significantly higher than that in women（12.92%,P<0.05）. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age（OR=1.038,95%CI：1.018-1.057）,males（OR=1.919,95%CI：1.303-2.826）,the middle school level of education（OR=2.443,95%CI：1.507-3.961）and constitution of Yin-Asthenia（OR=0.203,95%CI：0.057-0.720）were influencing factors for colorectal polyps;among male participants,hypertension（OR=1.721,95%CI：1.018-2.908）was a risk factor for colorectal polyps;among female participants,age（OR=1.076,95%CI：1.042-1.111）,BMI（OR=1.099,95%CI：1.001-1.207）,the middle school level of education（OR= 3.507,95%CI：1.794-6.856）and constitution of Yin-Asthenia（OR=0.160,95%CI：0.033-0.770）were influencing factors for colorectal polyps. Conclusion Age,sex,education level and constitution of Yin-Asthenia were associated with the risk of colorectal polyps among residents in Lanxi;hypertension was associated with the risk of colorectal polyps in males,while age,BMI,education level and constitution of Yin-Asthenia were associated with the risk of colorectal polyps in females.

Objective:To observe any effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the cognition of stroke survivors and the integrity of their white matter fibers.Methods:Thirty persons with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n=15) and a control group ( n=15). In addition to basic drug therapy and routine cognition training, the experimental group received 20 minutes of tDCS daily, 5 days per week for 3 weeks, while the control group received sham tDCS stimulation. Before and after the treatment, both groups′ cognitive functioning was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA). Their ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) was quantified using the modified Barthel index (MBI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to observe any changes in the integrity of their white matter fibers. Results:The average MMSE, MOCA and MBI scores of both groups had improved significantly after the treatment, but the improvement in the experimental group was significantly greater than among the controls. The average fractional anisotroposy value of the affected inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in both groups was positively correlated with the group′s average MMSE score and MoCA score.Conclusion:tDCS can effectively improve the cognition and functioning in the activities of daily living of stroke survivors. Its mechanism may be related to improving the integrity of the white matter fibers involved.

Combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is a rare autoimmune disease and its action mechanism remains unknown. This article described a case of CCPD with anti-neurofascin 155 IgG4 antibodies after varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection who was recovered after steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin treatments. The clinical characteristics of this patient were summarized and the possible pathogenesis was discussed, so as to provide information of CCPD after VZV infection for clinicians.

BACKGROUND:With the application and development of 3D printing technology in medicine,orthopedic internal fixation surgery has become precise and individualized.The equal-scale fracture model obtained by 3D printing technology was simulated and planned before surgery,realizing the leap from traditional 2D images to more vivid and detailed three-dimensional objects.It allows the surgeon to understand the fracture type in advance and rehearse the reduction sequence,so as to realize the individualized implementation of fracture surgery,optimize the surgical process,bring better postoperative recovery and less surgical complications. OBJECTIVE:To compare clinical efficacy of three 3D printed models combined with computerized virtual repositioning technology to assist incision reduction bone plate internal fixation and traditional incision reduction bone plate internal fixation in the treatment of Robinson II B2 clavicle fracture. METHODS:Eighty patients with Robinson II B2 clavicle fracture were randomly divided into trial group(n=40)and control group(n=40).In the trial group,three kinds of 3D printing models(affected clavicle fracture model,computer simulation clavicle fracture reduction model,clavicle mirror model of healthy side)combined with computer virtual reduction technology were used for preoperative in vitro surgery rehearsal.Finally,3D printing was used for clavicle mirror model of healthy side to advance bending and select bone plates for internal fixation.In the control group,open reduction plate internal fixation was applied.The time from admission to surgery,intraoperative blood loss,operation time,frequency of fluoroscopy,number of bends of the bone plate,fracture healing time,complications,and visual analog scale score and Constant score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The time from admission to operation in the trial group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).Operation time,intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency and bending times of the bone plate in the trial group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The trial group had faster fracture healing and fewer complications(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).Constant score of the two groups had an increasing trend with time(F=613.50,P<0.001),but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant(F=0.08,P=0.78),and there was no interaction between the measurement times and the group assignment(F=0.27,P=0.66).The visual analog scale score decreased with time(F=1 149.55,P<0.001),but there was no significant difference between groups(F=0.02,P=0.88),and there was no interaction between the number of measurements and the group assignment(F=1.02,P=0.36).The results show that the use of 3D printed model combined with computer virtual reduction technology for preoperative rehearsal can shorten the operation time,reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency and the times of bone plate bending,and have the advantages of faster fracture healing,fewer complications,and similar functional recovery to the traditional incision reduction bone plate internal fixation.

Objective To investigate the effect of transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) on neuron-like cell differentiation and glial cell-derived neurotrophie factor (GDNF) expression in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods ICH was induced by stereotactic injection of type Ⅳ collagenase into the striatum of rats,and the successful models were randomly divided into model group (ICH group) and BMMNCs transplantation group (BMMNCs group); BMMNCs group was injected with 1 mL cell suspension containing 3 ×107 cells marked with 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (Brdu).The neurological functions of the rats were observed by modified neurological severity scale (mNSS) test 1,7,14 and 28 days after the injection; the GDNF expression in cerebral tissue was observed by Western blotting 1,7,14 days after the injection; double immunofluorescent labeling was utilized to trace the differentiation of BMMNCs in the rat brains 28 days after the injection.Results As compared with those in the ICH group,the mNSS scores in the BMMNCs group were significantly lower (P＜0.05) and the GDNF expression was significantly increased at all time points (P＜0.05); Brdu and neuron specific nuclear protein (NeuN) double-labeled positive cells were found in the hemorrhage focus in the BMMNCs group 28 d after injection.Conclusion BMMNCs transplantation can improve the neural behavioral function,increase the GDNF expression,and induce BMMNCs differentiating into neuron-like cells.